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Gou Y, Zhang J, Jin B, Dai W, Zhang W, Chen C, Lin L, Wang X, Tai Q, Li J. Work Function Tuning of Carbon Electrode to Boost the Charge Extraction in Hole Transport Layer-Free Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403342. [PMID: 38742947 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cell (PSC) is a promising photovoltaic technology that achieves over 26% power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, the high materials costs, complicated fabrication process, as well as poor long-term stability, are stumbling blocks for the commercialization of the PSCs in normal structures. The hole transport layer (HTL)-free carbon-based PSCs (C-PSCs) are expected to overcome these challenges. However, C-PSCs have suffered from relatively low PCE due to severe energy loss at the perovskite/carbon interface. Herein, the study proposes to boost the hole extraction capability of carbon electrode by incorporating functional manganese (II III) oxide (Mn3O4). It is found that the work function (WF) of the carbon electrode can be finely tuned with different amounts of Mn3O4 addition, thus the interfacial charge transfer efficiency can be maximized. Besides, the mechanical properties of carbon electrode can also be strengthened. Finally, a PCE of 19.03% is achieved. Moreover, the device retains 90% of its initial PCE after 2000 h of storage. This study offers a feasible strategy for fabricating efficient paintable HTL-free C-PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhuo Gou
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Material, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- The College of Post and Telecommunication of WIT, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Bowen Jin
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Material, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Weideren Dai
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Material, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Material, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Material, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Liangyou Lin
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Material, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Xianbao Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Material, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Qidong Tai
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Material, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
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Wennberg PO, Bates KH, Crounse JD, Dodson LG, McVay RC, Mertens LA, Nguyen TB, Praske E, Schwantes RH, Smarte MD, St Clair JM, Teng AP, Zhang X, Seinfeld JH. Gas-Phase Reactions of Isoprene and Its Major Oxidation Products. Chem Rev 2018. [PMID: 29522327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Isoprene carries approximately half of the flux of non-methane volatile organic carbon emitted to the atmosphere by the biosphere. Accurate representation of its oxidation rate and products is essential for quantifying its influence on the abundance of the hydroxyl radical (OH), nitrogen oxide free radicals (NO x), ozone (O3), and, via the formation of highly oxygenated compounds, aerosol. We present a review of recent laboratory and theoretical studies of the oxidation pathways of isoprene initiated by addition of OH, O3, the nitrate radical (NO3), and the chlorine atom. From this review, a recommendation for a nearly complete gas-phase oxidation mechanism of isoprene and its major products is developed. The mechanism is compiled with the aims of providing an accurate representation of the flow of carbon while allowing quantification of the impact of isoprene emissions on HO x and NO x free radical concentrations and of the yields of products known to be involved in condensed-phase processes. Finally, a simplified (reduced) mechanism is developed for use in chemical transport models that retains the essential chemistry required to accurately simulate isoprene oxidation under conditions where it occurs in the atmosphere-above forested regions remote from large NO x emissions.
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