1
|
Slavova S, Antonov L. Azaindolizine proton cranes attached to 7-hydroxyquinoline and 3-hydroxypyridine: a comparative theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:7177-7189. [PMID: 38349360 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04635d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Theoretical design of several proton cranes, based on 7-hydroxyquinoline and 3-hydroxypyridine as proton-transfer frames, has been attempted using ground and excited-state density functional theory (DFT) calculations in various environments. Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine, pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine and benzimidazole were considered as proton crane units. The proton crane action requires the existence of a single enol-like form in the ground state, which under excitation goes to the end keto-like one through a series of consecutive excited-state intramolecular proton transfers (ESIPT) and twisting steps with the participation of a crane unit, resulting in a long-range intramolecular proton transfer. The results suggest that 3-hydroxypyridine is not suitable for a proton-transfer frame and 8-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)quinolin-7-ol and 8-(pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-2-yl)quinolin-7-ol behave as non-conjugated proton cranes, instead of tautomeric re-arrangement in the latter, which was thought to be possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Slavova
- Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria.
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Liudmil Antonov
- Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Slavova S, Antonov L. Theoretical Understanding of the Long-Range Proton Transfer Mechanism in 7-Hydroxy Quinoline-Based Molecular Switches: Varma's Proton Crane and Its Analogues. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:1280-1287. [PMID: 38344984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c08363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Herein, the detailed mechanism of intramolecular proton transfer in molecular switches, constructed from 7-hydroxy quinoline substituted in the eight-position C-C single axle, connected to three different proton cranes (morpholine, piperidine, and 1,3,5-dioxazine), was investigated by means of theoretical chemistry. The theoretical interpretation of the rotational mechanism and its stable structures were proposed for the well-known Varma's proton crane, based on morpholine molecule. The reliability of the theoretical simulations was confirmed by the available literature data from time-dependent IR measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Slavova
- Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Liudmil Antonov
- Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fontes LFB, Rocha J, Silva AMS, Guieu S. Excited-State Proton Transfer in Luminescent Dyes: From Theoretical Insight to Experimental Evidence. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301540. [PMID: 37450664 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The effective utilization of luminescent dyes often relies on a comprehensive understanding of their excitation and relaxation pathways. One such pathway, Excited-State Proton Transfer (ESPT), involves the tautomerization of the dye in its excited state, resulting in a new structure that exhibits distinct emission properties, such as a very large Stokes' shift or dual-emission. Although the ESPT phenomenon is well-explained theoretically, its experimental demonstration can be challenging due to the presence of numerous other phenomena that can yield similar experimental observations. In this review, we propose that an all-encompassing methodology, integrating experimental findings, computational analyses, and a thorough evaluation of diverse mechanisms, is essential for verifying the occurrence of ESPT in luminescent dyes. Investigations have offered significant understanding of the elements impacting the ESPT process and the array of approaches that can be used to validate the existence of ESPT. These discoveries hold crucial ramifications for the advancement of molecular probes, sensors, and other applications that depend on ESPT as a detection mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luís F B Fontes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João Rocha
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Artur M S Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Samuel Guieu
- LAQV-REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mendes R, da Mata V, Haiduke R. An electronic structure investigation of excited state intramolecular proton transfer in amino-benzazole derivatives: relative energies and electron density descriptors. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.114738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
|
5
|
Meisner QJ, Hurley JJM, Guo P, Blood AR, Schaller RD, Gosztola DJ, Wiederrecht GP, Zhu L. Triple Emission of 5'-( para-R-Phenylene)vinylene-2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole (PVHBO). Part I: Dual Emission from the Neutral Species. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1033-1061. [PMID: 35143188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c10165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of 5'-(para-R-phenylene)vinylene (PV) substituents on the emission properties of 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole (HBO) are analyzed using steady-state and time-resolved absorption and emission spectroscopies in addition to quantum chemical calculations. All members in the series of PVHBOs are capable of excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) with a solvent sensitivity that is typical of a HBO derivative to produce a normal (aka enol) emission and an excited-state tautomer (aka keto) emission. These two emission bands of the neutral dyes are discussed in the current paper. The intermolecular proton transfer, i.e., the deprotonation, of a PVHBO results in the third band of the triple emission, which is described in the succeeding paper. The placement of an electron-withdrawing substituent R on the PVHBO scaffold increases the intensity of the keto emission relative to the enol emission in hydrogen-bonding solvents. The R substituents do not significantly alter the wavelengths of the enol and keto emission bands, which are located in the blue and green regions, respectively, of the visible spectrum. The ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopies and quantum chemical calculations offer explanations on how the R group and the solvent affect the enol and keto emission properties (i.e., wavelength, lifetime, fluorescence quantum yield, and relative ratio of their emissions). The key findings include the following: (1) the emission energies of both enol and keto forms are not sensitively dependent on the R substituent and (2) the solvent-engaged enol excited state is quenched more efficiently as the R substituent becomes more electron-withdrawing. A PVHBO acts as a fusion of HBO and stilbenoid that intersect at the hydroxyphenyl moiety. Depending on the solvent and other environmental conditions, PVHBOs may exhibit the ESIPT property of HBO or the substituent-dependent emission of stilbenoid. This paper and the succeeding article provide a photophysical model of PVHBOs to explain the wavelengths and relative abundances of the three emission bands (enol, keto, and anion) that these compounds are able to produce. Judicial selection of the environmental factors may drive the emission of a PVHBO into the spectral regions of blue, green, and, in a couple of cases, orange or red.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quinton J Meisner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Joseph J M Hurley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Peijun Guo
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Anna R Blood
- New College of Florida, 5800 Bay Shore Road, Sarasota, Florida 34243, United States
| | - Richard D Schaller
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - David J Gosztola
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Gary P Wiederrecht
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jankowska J, Sobolewski AL. Modern Theoretical Approaches to Modeling the Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer: An Overview. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175140. [PMID: 34500574 PMCID: PMC8434569 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) phenomenon is nowadays widely acknowledged to play a crucial role in many photobiological and photochemical processes. It is an extremely fast transformation, often taking place at sub-100 fs timescales. While its experimental characterization can be highly challenging, a rich manifold of theoretical approaches at different levels is nowadays available to support and guide experimental investigations. In this perspective, we summarize the state-of-the-art quantum-chemical methods, as well as molecular- and quantum-dynamics tools successfully applied in ESIPT process studies, focusing on a critical comparison of their specific properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Jankowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Computational Investigation on ESIPT-driven Luminescence of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine Derivatives Regulated by Inter/Intramolecular Hydrogen bonding. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
8
|
Unraveling the Effects of Co-Crystallization on the UV/Vis Absorption Spectra of an N-Salicylideneaniline Derivative. A Computational RI-CC2 Investigation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194512. [PMID: 33019738 PMCID: PMC7582674 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aims at unraveling the effects of co-crystallization on the optical properties of an N-salicylideneaniline-derived molecular switch transforming between an enol and a keto form. This is achieved by way of a two-step multi-scale method where (i) the molecular geometry and unit cell parameters are optimized using a periodic boundary conditions density functional theory method and (ii) the optical properties are computed for a selection of clusters embedded in an array of point-charges that reproduce the crystal field electronic potential. The optical properties (vertical excitation energies and oscillator strengths) are obtained at the RI-CC2/def2-TZVPD level of approximation. This method allows us to decompose the effects of co-crystallization into (i) indirect effects, the geometry changes of the chromophore due to crystal packing with the coformer, and (ii) direct ones, the polarization due to the interacting coformer and to the crystal field. For the former effects, variations of a crucial torsion angle lead to modification of the π-conjugation and therefore to the decrease or increase of the excitation energies. About the latter, they are antagonistic: (i) the coformer is not directly involved in the excitations but its polarization decreases the excitation energies while (ii) the crystal field has the opposite effect. For the co-crystals with succinic and fumaric acids, combining these direct and indirect effects leads to a hypsochromic shift of the first absorption band with respect to the reference crystal, in agreement with experimental data.
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang J, Durbeej B. How accurate are TD‐DFT excited‐state geometries compared to DFT ground‐state geometries? J Comput Chem 2020; 41:1718-1729. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, IFMLinköping University Linköping Sweden
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Facultat de CiènciesUniversitat de Girona Girona Spain
| | - Bo Durbeej
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, IFMLinköping University Linköping Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xie HM, Li SJ, Zhang PY, Feng J, Li S, Yang G. Insights into the Luminescence Thermochromism of a Triarylboron Derivative: The Role of Intramolecular Group Interaction. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:889-897. [PMID: 31922413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b09834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The organic fluorescent probes for temperature have received increasing interest due to their extremely high spatial and temporal resolution. A few of triarylboron derivatives, as almost the only molecular probes consisting of a single luminophore, have the ability to change their luminescent color at different temperatures. The mechanism of their luminescence thermochromism is controversial. Herein, several spectral experiments, along with time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) and coupled-cluster (CC) calculations, are carried out to elucidate the temperature-dependent luminescence. The CC rather than the TDDFT methods give a relatively reasonable explanation for the experimental results. Consequently, the thermochromism is now considered as the result of conformational thermal equilibria that occur in both the excited and ground states. Besides, an unusual conformer with intramolecular excimer characteristic plays a crucial role in the attractive luminescence behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ming Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry , Chongqing University , Chongqing 401331 , PR China
| | - Shao-Ju Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry , Chongqing University , Chongqing 401331 , PR China
| | - Pan-Yi Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry , Chongqing University , Chongqing 401331 , PR China
| | - Jiao Feng
- Institute of Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , PR China
| | - Shayu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry , Chongqing University , Chongqing 401331 , PR China
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- Institute of Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , PR China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Durka K, Górski B, Błocki K, Urban M, Woźniak K, Barbasiewicz M, Luliński S. Experimental and Theoretical Insights into Molecular and Solid-State Properties of Isomeric Bis(salicylaldehydes). J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:8674-8689. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b07360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Durka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Górski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Błocki
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Urban
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Barbasiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sergiusz Luliński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang P, Fu C, Zhang Q, Li S, Ding C. Ratiometric Fluorescent Strategy for Localizing Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Mitochondria Based on the ESIPT Process. Anal Chem 2019; 91:12377-12383. [PMID: 31513368 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent probes are powerful tools for detecting and mapping the species of interest in vitro and in vivo. Although the probes always show high selectivity and sensitivity, they are usually affected by some factors, such as detecting conditions and the probe concentrations. Ratiometric fluorescent strategies, possessing advantage of low background noise, would solve the problem effectively and lead to a higher sensing performance. Thus, an ESIPT-based ratiometric probe (HBTP-mito) was developed on the basis of a phosphorylated 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-benzothiazole derivative for the determination of ALP activity. HBTP-mito is water soluble and emits green fluorescence in TBS buffer due to the blockage of ESIPT. Upon the introduction of ALP, the phosphate ester of HBTP-mito was hydrolyzed and the ESIPT process was restored. Accordingly, the fluorescence at 514 nm decreases, while emission at 650 nm shows a "turn-on" response. The ratio of intensity (I514nm/I650nm) decreases linearly with ALP activity increasing from 0 to 60 mU/mL, obtained an LOD of 0.072 mU/mL. The favorable performance of the probe enables its application not only in the detection of ALP activity in biological samples, but also in the localization of the ALP levels in living cells and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao 266042 , People's Republic of China
| | - Caixia Fu
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao 266042 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao 266042 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shasha Li
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao 266042 , People's Republic of China
| | - Caifeng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao 266042 , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Suellen C, Freitas RG, Loos PF, Jacquemin D. Cross-Comparisons between Experiment, TD-DFT, CC, and ADC for Transition Energies. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:4581-4590. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia Suellen
- Departamento de Quimica, Laboratorio Computacional de Materiais, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Mato Grosso 78060, Brazil
| | - Renato Garcia Freitas
- Departamento de Quimica, Laboratorio Computacional de Materiais, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Mato Grosso 78060, Brazil
| | - Pierre-François Loos
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Cedex 9 Toulouse, France
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Laboratoire CEISAM—UMR CNRS 6230, Université de Nantes, 2 Rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Cedex 3 Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ebina M, Kondo Y, Iwasa T, Taketsugu T. Low-Lying Excited States of hqxcH and Zn-hqxc Complex: Toward Understanding Intramolecular Proton Transfer Emission. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:4686-4698. [PMID: 30860367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) has been a topic of interest due to its potential to lead to multiple emissions. Although many organic molecules showing ESIPT emission are already known, studies on metal complexes showing ESIPT and their related theoretical understandings are very limited. In this study, we focus on [Zn(hqxc)2(DMSO)2] (Zn-hqxc: hqxc = 3-hydroxy-2-quinoxalinecarboxylate, DMSO = dimethyl sulfoxide), which shows ESIPT emission in the solid state, even though the hqxcH ligand does not show ESIPT emission. To gain insights into the role of the zinc atom and the emission mechanisms, we examined excited states of free hqxcH and the Zn-hqxc complex using time-dependent density functional theory calculations. From the results, it was shown that the zinc atom triggers a structural change of the hqxcH ligand from the lactam form (3,4-dihydro-3-oxo-2-quinoxalinecarboxylic acid) to the enol form (3-hydroxy-2-quinoxalinecarboxylic acid), where the latter form has several stable excited states. Several stable geometries were found for singlet and triplet excited states, suggesting that emissions for the Zn-hqxc complex can be both phosphorescence and fluorescence caused by the enol-enol, keto-keto, and keto-enol forms of the two hqcx ligands in the complex. We found that the photophysical properties of the Zn-hqxc complex are dominated by the ligand due to the filled d10 of Zn(II). The presented results suggest that, to design new ESIPT metal complexes, one possible approach is to combine a metal atom showing ligand centered emission and a ligand that has separate ESIPT and coordination sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Ebina
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
| | - Yusuke Kondo
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB) , Kyoto University , Kyoto 615-8520 , Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwasa
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB) , Kyoto University , Kyoto 615-8520 , Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB) , Kyoto University , Kyoto 615-8520 , Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD) , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 001-0021 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wiethaus G, Toldo JM, da Silveira Santos F, da Costa Duarte R, Gonçalves PFB, Rodembusch FS. Experimental and theoretical investigation of long-wavelength fluorescence emission in push–pull benzazoles: intramolecular proton transfer or charge transfer in the excited state? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:4408-4420. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05186k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ESIPT is disfavoured and charge-transfer emission, prior to ESIPT, seems to be responsible for long-emission wavelengths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Wiethaus
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Fotoquímica Orgânica Aplicada
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – Instituto de Química
- Porto Alegre-RS
- Brazil
| | - Josene Maria Toldo
- Grupo de Química Teórica e Computacional
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – Instituto de Química
- Porto Alegre-RS
- Brazil
| | - Fabiano da Silveira Santos
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Fotoquímica Orgânica Aplicada
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – Instituto de Química
- Porto Alegre-RS
- Brazil
| | - Rodrigo da Costa Duarte
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Fotoquímica Orgânica Aplicada
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – Instituto de Química
- Porto Alegre-RS
- Brazil
| | - Paulo Fernando Bruno Gonçalves
- Grupo de Química Teórica e Computacional
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – Instituto de Química
- Porto Alegre-RS
- Brazil
| | - Fabiano Severo Rodembusch
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Fotoquímica Orgânica Aplicada
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – Instituto de Química
- Porto Alegre-RS
- Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang P, Xiao Y, Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Yu H, Ding C. ESIPT-based fluorescent probe for cysteine sensing with large Stokes shift over homocysteine and glutathione and its application in living cells. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01259a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An HBT-based fluorescent probe for Cys with a large Stokes shift and high selectivity was developed that operates by the ESIPT process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- MOE
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
| | - Yuzhe Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- MOE
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- MOE
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- MOE
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention
- Qingdao 266033
- P. R. China
| | - Caifeng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- MOE
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Berezin AS, Vinogradova KA, Krivopalov VP, Nikolaenkova EB, Plyusnin VF, Kupryakov AS, Pervukhina NV, Naumov DY, Bushuev MB. Excitation-Wavelength-Dependent Emission and Delayed Fluorescence in a Proton-Transfer System. Chemistry 2018; 24:12790-12795. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey S. Berezin
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; 3, Akad. Lavrentiev Ave. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Katerina A. Vinogradova
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; 3, Akad. Lavrentiev Ave. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University; 2, Pirogova str. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Viktor P. Krivopalov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry; Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; 9, Akad. Lavrentiev Ave. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Elena B. Nikolaenkova
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry; Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; 9, Akad. Lavrentiev Ave. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Victor F. Plyusnin
- Novosibirsk State University; 2, Pirogova str. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion; Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; 3, Institutskaya str. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Arkady S. Kupryakov
- Novosibirsk State University; 2, Pirogova str. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion; Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; 3, Institutskaya str. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Natalia V. Pervukhina
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; 3, Akad. Lavrentiev Ave. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University; 2, Pirogova str. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Dmitrii Y. Naumov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; 3, Akad. Lavrentiev Ave. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University; 2, Pirogova str. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Mark B. Bushuev
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; 3, Akad. Lavrentiev Ave. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University; 2, Pirogova str. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| |
Collapse
|