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Mahla S, Modak P, Antony B. Study of Electron Collisions with Isoprene, 1,2-Butadiene, and Their Isomers. J Phys Chem A 2023. [PMID: 37310850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c01756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene, 1,2-butadiene, and their isomers play an important role in aerosols in the atmosphere, interstellar media, and extraterrestrial life. Since electrons are everywhere, studying how electrons interact with these molecules is an important part of studying such environments. To date, however, little investigation has been conducted in this area. Bearing this in mind, we conducted a thorough investigation to report the various electron scattering cross sections of isoprene, 1,2-butadiene, and their isomers. The methods used for this purpose are reliable within the limits of adopted model potentials. The optical potential method was used to get the total elastic and inelastic cross sections, while the complex scattering potential ionization contribution method was used to get the total ionization cross section from the inelastic contribution. The results from these approximations are pretty close to the results from earlier experiments and theories. Furthermore, most of these isomers are being explored for the first time. Besides, their isomeric effect is also discussed. A correlation between the cross sections of molecules is demonstrated, which can be used to predict cross sections of those molecules where previous data are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Mahla
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad, JH 826004, India
| | - Paresh Modak
- Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Bobby Antony
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad, JH 826004, India
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2
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He C, Wang H, Gong D, Lv S, Wu G, Wang R, Chen Y, Ding Y, Li Y, Wang B. Insights into high concentrations of particle-bound imidazoles in the background atmosphere of southern China: Potential sources and influencing factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150804. [PMID: 34653468 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Imidazoles are important constituents in atmospheric brown carbon and have gained increasing attention in the past decade. Although imidazoles have been studied widely in laboratories, the sparse field observations severely limit the understanding of imidazole's abundance and sources in the atmosphere. In this study, we measured particle-bound imidazoles and their precursors at a background forest site in the Nanling Mountains of southern China. The average concentration of imidazoles (4.17 ± 3.76 ng/m3) was found to be significantly higher than other background sites worldwide. Further analyses revealed that a majority of imidazoles (59.1%) at the site originated from secondary formation through reactions of dicarbonyls (e.g., glyoxal and methylglyoxal) and reduced nitrogen species, with relatively minor contributions from regional transport (32.8%) and biomass burning (8.1%). In addition, the key factors influencing secondary formation of imidazoles, such as relative humidity, water-soluble inorganic ions, and pH, were analyzed. Our results indicated that the secondary formation of imidazoles can be greatly enhanced under high humidity conditions, particularly during fog events. Overall, this study offers valuable insights into potential sources and influencing factors of ambient imidazoles in background atmospheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqian He
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, China; Australia-China Centre for Air Quality Science and Management (Guangdong), Guangzhou, China.
| | - Daocheng Gong
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaojun Lv
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gengchen Wu
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, China; Australia-China Centre for Air Quality Science and Management (Guangdong), Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiwen Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, China; Australia-China Centre for Air Quality Science and Management (Guangdong), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqiu Chen
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaozhou Ding
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanlei Li
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Boguang Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, China; Australia-China Centre for Air Quality Science and Management (Guangdong), Guangzhou, China.
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Chen X, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Liu Y, Shen C, Wu L, Wang X, Fan Q, Zhou S, Hang J. Regional modeling of secondary organic aerosol formation over eastern China: The impact of uptake coefficients of dicarbonyls and semivolatile process of primary organic aerosol. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 793:148176. [PMID: 34175600 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Capturing the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) concentration using the chemical transport model is difficult due to a large knowledge gap of its formation mechanism. Previous studies demonstrated the uptake of dicarbonyls and semivolatile process of primary organic aerosol (POA) emissions are the significant sources of SOA. However, the uptake coefficients of dicarbonyls have large uncertainties and the SOA from the semivolatile process of POA emission remains unclear. We applied the revised reactive uptake parameterization, with "salting effects" for dicarbonyls, and updated approaches for POA to the Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System (CMAQ) simulations for October 2014 to study their impacts on modeling the SOA formation over eastern China. We introduce a method of quantifying crystalized or deliquescent aerosols to further improve the parameterization. The revised glyoxal uptake coefficients results in higher glyoxal SOA in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, where is typically under low relative humidity (RH) and high aerosol pH conditions. It gives lower glyoxal SOA in the Pearl River Delta region, where is typically under high RH and low pH conditions. The updated parameterization gives negligible methylglyoxal SOA due to the low uptake coefficients. The implementation of semivolatile process of POA and the approach for potential SOA from combustion sources will largely decrease the predicted POA and increase the modeled SOA concentrations over eastern China. The increased SOA from POA emissions could improve the model performance for organic carbon and SOA. It slightly improves the performance in PM2.5 modeling by compensating the reduction of modeled POA. This study indicates the mixed impact of a parameterization considering "salting effects" on modeling the dicarbonyls SOA in key regions of eastern China. It also demonstrates the improved performance by implementing the POA approaches in aerosol modeling using CMAQ. Meanwhile, the uncertainty in the revised reactive uptake parameterization and POA approaches is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jun Zhao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chong Shen
- Guangzhou Climate and Agrometeorology Center, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Liqing Wu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Qi Fan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519082, China.
| | - Shengzhen Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jian Hang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Li Y, Ji Y, Zhao J, Wang Y, Shi Q, Peng J, Wang Y, Wang C, Zhang F, Wang Y, Seinfeld JH, Zhang R. Unexpected Oligomerization of Small α-Dicarbonyls for Secondary Organic Aerosol and Brown Carbon Formation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:4430-4439. [PMID: 33721996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of small α-dicarbonyls (glyoxal and methylglyoxal) are produced in the atmosphere from photochemical oxidation of biogenic isoprene and anthropogenic aromatics, but the fundamental mechanisms leading to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and brown carbon (BrC) formation remain elusive. Methylglyoxal is commonly believed to be less reactive than glyoxal because of unreactive methyl substitution, and available laboratory measurements showed negligible aerosol growth from methylglyoxal. Herein, we present experimental results to demonstrate striking oligomerization of small α-dicarbonyls leading to SOA and BrC formation on sub-micrometer aerosols. Significantly more efficient growth and browning of aerosols occur upon exposure to methylglyoxal than glyoxal under atmospherically relevant concentrations and in the absence/presence of gas-phase ammonia and formaldehyde, and nonvolatile oligomers and light-absorbing nitrogen-heterocycles are identified as the dominant particle-phase products. The distinct aerosol growth and light absorption are attributed to carbenium ion-mediated nucleophilic addition, interfacial electric field-induced attraction, and synergetic oligomerization involving organic/inorganic species, leading to surface- or volume-limited reactions that are dependent on the reactivity and gaseous concentrations. Our findings resolve an outstanding discrepancy concerning the multiphase chemistry of small α-dicarbonyls and unravel a new avenue for SOA and BrC formation from atmospherically abundant, ubiquitous carbonyls and ammonia/ammonium sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Yuemeng Ji
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiayun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Yuan Wang
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Qiuju Shi
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianfei Peng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - John H Seinfeld
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Renyi Zhang
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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5
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Felber T, Schaefer T, Herrmann H. Five-Membered Heterocycles as Potential Photosensitizers in the Tropospheric Aqueous Phase: Photophysical Properties of Imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde, 2-Furaldehyde, and 2-Acetylfuran. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:10029-10039. [PMID: 33202138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c07028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photosensitized reactions of organic compounds in the atmospheric aqueous and particle phase might be potential sources for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, addressed as aqueous SOA. However, data regarding the photophysical properties of photosensitizers, their kinetics, as well as reaction mechanisms of such processes in the aqueous/particle phase are scarce. The present study investigates the determination of the photophysical properties of imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde, 2-furaldehyde, and 2-acetylfuran as potential photosensitizers using laser flash excitation in aqueous solution. Quantum yields of the formation of the excited photosensitizers were obtained by a scavenging method with thiocyanate, resulting in values between 0.86 and 0.96 at 298 K and pH = 5. The time-resolved absorbance spectra of the excited photosensitizers were measured, and their molar attenuation coefficients were determined ranging between (0.30 and 1.4) × 104 L mol-1 cm-1 at their absorbance maxima (λmax = 335-440 nm). Additionally, the excited photosensitizers are quenched by water and molecular oxygen, resulting in quenching rate constants of k1st = (1.0 ± 0.2-1.8 ± 0.2) × 105 s-1 and kq(O2) = (2.1 ± 0.2-2.7 ± 0.2) × 109 L mol-1 s-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Felber
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Schaefer
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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6
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Darr JP, Gottuso S, Alfarra M, Birge D, Ferris K, Woods D, Morales P, Grove M, Mitts WK, Mendoza-Lopez E, Johnson A. The Hydropathy Scale as a Gauge of Hygroscopicity in Sub-Micron Sodium Chloride-Amino Acid Aerosols. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:8062-8070. [PMID: 30272971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b07119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sodium chloride, NaCl, is commonly used as a proxy for sea spray aerosols. However, field work has demonstrated that sea spray aerosols also often contain a significant organic component. In this work, we examine the effect of amino acids on the hygroscopic properties of NaCl aerosols using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer coupled to a flow-cell apparatus. It is found that the effect can be drastically different depending on the nature of the amino acid. More hydrophilic amino acids such as glycine lead to continuous hygroscopic growth of internally mixed NaCl-amino acid aerosols generated from an equimolar precursor solution. However, more hydrophobic amino acids such as alanine do not significantly alter the hygroscopicity of NaCl aerosols. The hydropathy scale is found to be a good qualitative diagnostic for the effect that an amino acid will have on the hygroscopicity of NaCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Darr
- University of Nebraska at Omaha , Department of Chemistry , 6001 Dodge Street, DSC 337 , Omaha , Nebraska 68182 , United States
| | - Salvatore Gottuso
- University of Nebraska at Omaha , Department of Chemistry , 6001 Dodge Street, DSC 337 , Omaha , Nebraska 68182 , United States
| | - Mohammed Alfarra
- University of Nebraska at Omaha , Department of Chemistry , 6001 Dodge Street, DSC 337 , Omaha , Nebraska 68182 , United States
| | - David Birge
- University of Nebraska at Omaha , Department of Chemistry , 6001 Dodge Street, DSC 337 , Omaha , Nebraska 68182 , United States
| | - Kimberly Ferris
- University of Nebraska at Omaha , Department of Chemistry , 6001 Dodge Street, DSC 337 , Omaha , Nebraska 68182 , United States
| | - Dillon Woods
- University of Nebraska at Omaha , Department of Chemistry , 6001 Dodge Street, DSC 337 , Omaha , Nebraska 68182 , United States
| | - Paul Morales
- University of Nebraska at Omaha , Department of Chemistry , 6001 Dodge Street, DSC 337 , Omaha , Nebraska 68182 , United States
| | - Megan Grove
- University of Nebraska at Omaha , Department of Chemistry , 6001 Dodge Street, DSC 337 , Omaha , Nebraska 68182 , United States
| | - William K Mitts
- University of Nebraska at Omaha , Department of Chemistry , 6001 Dodge Street, DSC 337 , Omaha , Nebraska 68182 , United States
| | - Eduardo Mendoza-Lopez
- University of Nebraska at Omaha , Department of Chemistry , 6001 Dodge Street, DSC 337 , Omaha , Nebraska 68182 , United States
| | - Amissabah Johnson
- University of Nebraska at Omaha , Department of Chemistry , 6001 Dodge Street, DSC 337 , Omaha , Nebraska 68182 , United States
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