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Gopakumar G, Svensson PHW, Grånäs O, Brena B, Schwob L, Unger I, Saak CM, Timm M, Bülow C, Kubin M, Zamudio-Bayer V, Lau JT, von Issendorff B, Abid AR, Lindblad A, Danielsson E, Koerfer E, Caleman C, Björneholm O, Lindblad R. X-ray Induced Fragmentation of Protonated Cystine. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1496-1503. [PMID: 35213156 PMCID: PMC8919253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c10158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate site-specific X-ray induced fragmentation across the sulfur L-edge of protonated cystine, the dimer of the amino acid cysteine. Ion yield NEXAFS were performed in the gas phase using electrospray ionization (ESI) in combination with an ion trap. The interpretation of the sulfur L-edge NEXAFS spectrum is supported by Restricted Open-Shell Configuration Interaction (ROCIS) calculations. The fragmentation pathway of triply charged cystine ions was modeled by Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. We have deduced a possible pathway of fragmentation upon excitation and ionization of S 2p electrons. The disulfide bridge breaks for resonant excitation at lower photon energies but remains intact upon higher energy resonant excitation and upon ionization of S 2p. The larger fragments initially formed subsequently break into smaller fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geethanjali Gopakumar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pamela H W Svensson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Oscar Grånäs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Barbara Brena
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lucas Schwob
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, DE-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Isaak Unger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Clara-Magdalena Saak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraßze 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Timm
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, DE-12489 Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, DE-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Bülow
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, DE-12489 Berlin, Germany.,Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, DE-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Markus Kubin
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, DE-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vicente Zamudio-Bayer
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, DE-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Tobias Lau
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, DE-12489 Berlin, Germany.,Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, DE-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd von Issendorff
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, DE-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Abdul R Abid
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.,Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Andreas Lindblad
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emma Danielsson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ebba Koerfer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl Caleman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.,Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, DE-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Olle Björneholm
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rebecka Lindblad
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.,Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, DE-12489 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
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