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Chodkiewicz M, Patrikeev L, Pawlędzio S, Woźniak K. Transferable Hirshfeld atom model for rapid evaluation of aspherical atomic form factors. IUCRJ 2024; 11:249-259. [PMID: 38446457 PMCID: PMC10916294 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252524001507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Form factors based on aspherical models of atomic electron density have brought great improvement in the accuracies of hydrogen atom parameters derived from X-ray crystal structure refinement. Today, two main groups of such models are available, the banks of transferable atomic densities parametrized using the Hansen-Coppens multipole model which allows for rapid evaluation of atomic form factors and Hirshfeld atom refinement (HAR)-related methods which are usually more accurate but also slower. In this work, a model that combines the ideas utilized in the two approaches is tested. It uses atomic electron densities based on Hirshfeld partitions of electron densities, which are precalculated and stored in a databank. This model was also applied during the refinement of the structures of five small molecules. A comparison of the resulting hydrogen atom parameters with those derived from neutron diffraction data indicates that they are more accurate than those obtained with the Hansen-Coppens based databank, and only slightly less accurate than those obtained with a version of HAR that neglects the crystal environment. The advantage of using HAR becomes more noticeable when the effects of the environment are included. To speed up calculations, atomic densities were represented by multipole expansion with spherical harmonics up to l = 7, which used numerical radial functions (a different approach to that applied in the Hansen-Coppens model). Calculations of atomic form factors for the small protein crambin (at 0.73 Å resolution) took only 68 s using 12 CPU cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Chodkiewicz
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, Warszawa 02-089, Poland
| | - Leonid Patrikeev
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, Warszawa 02-089, Poland
| | - Sylwia Pawlędzio
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, Warszawa 02-089, Poland
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, Warszawa 02-089, Poland
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2
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Wieduwilt EK, Boto RA, Macetti G, Laplaza R, Contreras-García J, Genoni A. Extracting Quantitative Information at Quantum Mechanical Level from Noncovalent Interaction Index Analyses. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:1063-1079. [PMID: 36656682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c01092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The noncovalent interaction (NCI) index is nowadays a well-known strategy to detect NCIs in molecular systems. Even though it initially provided only qualitative descriptions, the technique has been recently extended to also extract quantitative information. To accomplish this task, integrals of powers of the electron distribution were considered, with the requirement that the overall electron density can be clearly decomposed as sum of distinct fragment contributions to enable the definition of the (noncovalent) integration region. So far, this was done by only exploiting approximate promolecular electron densities, which are given by the sum of spherically averaged atomic electron distributions and thus represent too crude approximations. Therefore, to obtain more quantum mechanically (QM) rigorous results from NCI index analyses, in this work, we propose to use electron densities obtained through the transfer of extremely localized molecular orbitals (ELMOs) or through the recently developed QM/ELMO embedding technique. Although still approximate, the electron distributions resulting from the abovementioned methods are fully QM and, above all, are again partitionable into subunit contributions, which makes them completely suitable for the NCI integral approach. Therefore, we benchmarked the integrals resulting from NCI index analyses (both those based on the promolecular densities and those based on ELMO electron distributions) against interaction energies computed at a high quantum chemical level (in particular, at the coupled cluster level). The performed test calculations have indicated that the NCI integrals based on ELMO electron densities outperform the promolecular ones. Furthermore, it was observed that the novel quantitative NCI-(QM/)ELMO approach can be also profitably exploited both to characterize and evaluate the strength of specific interactions between ligand subunits and protein residues in protein-ligand complexes and to follow the evolution of NCIs along trajectories of molecular dynamics simulations. Although further methodological improvements are still possible, the new quantitative ELMO-based technique could be already exploited in situations in which fast and reliable assessments of NCIs are crucial, such as in computational high-throughput screenings for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna K Wieduwilt
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT), UMR CNRS 7019, 1 Boulevard Arago, Metz F-57078, France
| | - Roberto A Boto
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique (LCT), UMR 7616, Sorbonne Université & CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Giovanni Macetti
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT), UMR CNRS 7019, 1 Boulevard Arago, Metz F-57078, France
| | - Rubén Laplaza
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique (LCT), UMR 7616, Sorbonne Université & CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Julia Contreras-García
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique (LCT), UMR 7616, Sorbonne Université & CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Alessandro Genoni
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT), UMR CNRS 7019, 1 Boulevard Arago, Metz F-57078, France
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Initial Maximum Overlap Method Embedded with Extremely Localized Molecular Orbitals for Core-Ionized States of Large Systems. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010136. [PMID: 36615331 PMCID: PMC9822432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite great advances in X-ray absorption spectroscopy for the investigation of small molecule electronic structure, the application to biosystems of experimental techniques developed within this research field remains a challenge. To partially circumvent the problem, users resort to theoretical methods to interpret or predict the X-ray absorption spectra of large molecules. To accomplish this task, only low-cost computational strategies can be exploited. For this reason, some of them are single Slater determinant wavefunction approaches coupled with multiscale embedding techniques designed to treat large systems of biological interest. Therefore, in this work, we propose to apply the recently developed IMOM/ELMO embedding method to the determination of core-ionized states. The IMOM/ELMO technique resulted from the combination of the single Slater determinant Δself-consistent-field-initial maximum overlap approach (ΔSCF-IMOM) with the QM/ELMO (quantum mechanics/extremely localized molecular orbital) embedding strategy, a method where only the chemically relevant region of the examined system is treated at fully quantum chemical level, while the rest is described through transferred and frozen extremely localized molecular orbitals (ELMOs). The IMOM/ELMO technique was initially validated by computing core-ionization energies for small molecules, and it was afterwards exploited to study larger biosystems. The obtained results are in line with those reported in previous studies that applied alternative ΔSCF approaches. This makes us envisage a possible future application of the proposed method to the interpretation of X-ray absorption spectra of large molecules.
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Chodkiewicz ML, Gajda R, Lavina B, Tkachev S, Prakapenka VB, Dera P, Wozniak K. Accurate crystal structure of ice VI from X-ray diffraction with Hirshfeld atom refinement. IUCRJ 2022; 9:573-579. [PMID: 36071798 PMCID: PMC9438488 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252522006662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water is an essential chemical compound for living organisms, and twenty of its different crystal solid forms (ices) are known. Still, there are many fundamental problems with these structures such as establishing the correct positions and thermal motions of hydrogen atoms. The list of ice structures is not yet complete as DFT calculations have suggested the existence of additional and - to date - unknown phases. In many ice structures, neither neutron diffraction nor DFT calculations nor X-ray diffraction methods can easily solve the problem of hydrogen atom disorder or accurately determine their anisotropic displacement parameters (ADPs). Here, accurate crystal structures of H2O, D2O and mixed (50%H2O/50%D2O) ice VI obtained by Hirshfeld atom refinement (HAR) of high-pressure single-crystal synchrotron and laboratory X-ray diffraction data are presented. It was possible to obtain O-H/D bond lengths and ADPs for disordered hydrogen atoms which are in good agreement with the corresponding single-crystal neutron diffraction data. These results show that HAR combined with X-ray diffraction can compete with neutron diffraction in detailed studies of polymorphic forms of ice and crystals of other hydrogen-rich compounds. As neutron diffraction is relatively expensive, requires larger crystals which can be difficult to obtain and access to neutron facilities is restricted, cheaper and more accessible X-ray measurements combined with HAR can facilitate the verification of the existing ice polymorphs and the quest for new ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal L. Chodkiewicz
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury, Warszawa 02-089, Poland
| | - Roman Gajda
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury, Warszawa 02-089, Poland
| | - Barbara Lavina
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Sergey Tkachev
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Vitali B. Prakapenka
- Hawai’i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, Université d’hawaï à mānoa, 1680 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Przemyslaw Dera
- Hawai’i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, Université d’hawaï à mānoa, 1680 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Krzysztof Wozniak
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury, Warszawa 02-089, Poland
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Jha KK, Gruza B, Sypko A, Kumar P, Chodkiewicz ML, Dominiak PM. Multipolar Atom Types from Theory and Statistical Clustering (MATTS) Data Bank: Restructurization and Extension of UBDB. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:3752-3765. [PMID: 35943747 PMCID: PMC9400107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A fast and accurate operational model of electron density
is crucial
in many scientific disciplines including crystallography, molecular
biology, pharmaceutical, and structural chemistry. In quantum crystallography,
the aspherical refinement of crystal structures is becoming increasingly
popular because of its accurate description in terms of physically
meaningful properties. The transferable aspherical atom model (TAAM)
is quick and precise, though it requires a robust algorithm for atom
typing and coverage of the most popular atom types present in small
organic molecules. Thus, the University at Buffalo Databank (UBDB)
has been renamed to the Multipolar Atom Types from Theory and Statistical
clustering (MATTS) data bank, broadened, restructured, and implemented
into the software DiSCaMB with 651 atom types obtained from 2316 small-molecule
crystal structures containing C, H, N, O, P, S, F, Cl, and Br atoms.
MATTS2021 data bank now covers most of the small molecules, peptides,
RNA, DNA, and some frequently occurring cations and anions in biological,
pharmaceutical, and organic materials, including the majority of known
crystal structures composed of the above elements. The multipole model
parameters (Pval, κ, κ′, Plm) obtained for different
atom types were greatly influenced by neighboring atom types, hybridization,
geometrical strain in the ring system, and charges on the molecule.
Contrary to previous findings, the atoms showing variable oxidation
states and ions deviate from the linear dependence of monopole-derived
charges on the expansion–contraction κ parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Kumar Jha
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Barbara Gruza
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Sypko
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Michał Leszek Chodkiewicz
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Paulina Maria Dominiak
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
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Zhang Y, Qi J, Zhou R, Yang M. A Polarizable Fragment Density Model and Its Applications. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:084108. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0101437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presented a new model, Polarizable Fragment Density Model (PFDM), for the fast energy estimation of peptides, proteins or other large molecular systems. By introducing an analogous relation to the Virial theorem, the kinetic energy in Kohn-Sham Density Functional Theory (KS-DFT) is approximated to the corresponding potential energy multiplied by a scale factor. Furthermore, the error due to this approximation together with the exchange-correlation energy is approximated as a second order Taylor's expansion about density. The PFDM energy is expressed as a functional of electronic density with system-dependent model parameters which are a scaling factor c and a series of atomic pairwise KAB. The electron density in PFDM consists of a frozen part retaining chemical bonding information and a polarizable part to describe polarization effects, both of which are expanded as a linear expansion of Gaussian basis functions. The frozen density can be pre-calculated by fitting the DFT calculated density of fragments as well as the polarizable density is optimized to solve PFDM energy. The PFDM energy is a quadratic function of the expansion coefficients of polarizable density and can be solved without expensive iteration process and numerical integrals. PFDM is especially suitable for the energy calculation of large molecular system with identical subunits, such as proteins, nucleic acids and molecular clusters. Applying the PFDM method to the proteins, the results show that the accuracy is comparable to the PM6 semi-empirical method, and the efficiency is one order of magnitude faster than PM6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, China
| | - Ji Qi
- Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics,Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, China
| | - Minghui Yang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, China
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7
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Pawlędzio S, Malinska M, Kleemiss F, Grabowsky S, Woźniak K. Influence of modelling disorder on Hirshfeld atom refinement results of an organo-gold(I) compound. IUCRJ 2022; 9:497-507. [PMID: 35844484 PMCID: PMC9252150 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252522005309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Details of the validation of disorder modelling with Hirshfeld atom refinement (HAR) for a previously investigated organo-gold(I) compound are presented here. The impact of refining disorder on HAR results is discussed using an analysis of the differences of dynamic structure factors. These dynamic structure factor differences are calculated from thermally smeared quantum mechanical electron densities based on wavefunctions that include or exclude electron correlation and relativistic effects. When disorder is modelled, the electron densities stem from a weighted superposition of two (or more) different conformers. Here this is shown to impact the relative importance of electron correlation and relativistic effect estimates expressed by the structure factor magnitudes. The role of disorder modelling is also compared with the effect of the treatment of hydrogen anisotropic displacement parameter (ADP) values and atomic anharmonicity of the gold atom. The analysis of ADP values of gold and disordered carbon atoms showed that the effect of disorder significantly altered carbon ADP values and did not influence those of the gold atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Pawlędzio
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, Warsaw 02-089, Poland
| | - Maura Malinska
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, Warsaw 02-089, Poland
| | - Florian Kleemiss
- Faculty for Chemistry und Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simon Grabowsky
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, Warsaw 02-089, Poland
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8
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Chodkiewicz M, Pawlędzio S, Woińska M, Woźniak K. Fragmentation and transferability in Hirshfeld atom refinement. IUCRJ 2022; 9:298-315. [PMID: 35371499 PMCID: PMC8895009 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252522000690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Hirshfeld atom refinement (HAR) is one of the most effective methods for obtaining accurate structural parameters for hydrogen atoms from X-ray diffraction data. Unfortunately, it is also relatively computationally expensive, especially for larger molecules due to wavefunction calculations. Here, a fragmentation approach has been tested as a remedy for this problem. It gives an order of magnitude improvement in computation time for larger organic systems and is a few times faster for metal-organic systems at the cost of only minor differences in the calculated structural parameters when compared with the original HAR calculations. Fragmentation was also applied to polymeric and disordered systems where it provides a natural solution to problems that arise when HAR is applied. The concept of fragmentation is closely related to the transferable aspherical atom model (TAAM) and allows insight into possible ways to improve TAAM. Hybrid approaches combining fragmentation with the transfer of atomic densities between chemically similar atoms have been tested. An efficient handling of intermolecular interactions was also introduced for calculations involving fragmentation. When applied in fragHAR (a fragmentation approach for polypeptides) as a replacement for the original approach, it allowed for more efficient calculations. All of the calculations were performed with a locally modified version of Olex2 combined with a development version of discamb2tsc and ORCA. Care was taken to efficiently use the power of multicore processors by simple implementation of load-balancing, which was found to be very important for lowering computational time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Chodkiewicz
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, Warszawa 02-089, Poland
- Correspondence e-mail: ,
| | - Sylwia Pawlędzio
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, Warszawa 02-089, Poland
| | - Magdalena Woińska
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, Warszawa 02-089, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, Warszawa 02-089, Poland
- Correspondence e-mail: ,
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Ruth PN, Herbst-Irmer R, Stalke D. Hirshfeld atom refinement based on projector augmented wave densities with periodic boundary conditions. IUCRJ 2022; 9:286-297. [PMID: 35371508 PMCID: PMC8895013 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252522001385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hirshfeld atom refinement (HAR) is an X-ray diffraction refinement method that, in numerous publications, has been shown to give H-atom bond lengths in close agreement with neutron diffraction derived values. Presented here is a first evaluation of an approach using densities derived from projector augmented wave (PAW) densities with three-dimensional periodic boundary conditions for HAR. The results show an improvement over refinements that neglect the crystal environment or treat it classically, while being on a par with non-periodic approximations for treating the solid-state environment quantum mechanically. A suite of functionals were evaluated for this purpose, showing that the SCAN and revSCAN functionals are most suited to these types of calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Niklas Ruth
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, Göttingen, Lower Saxony 37077, Germany
| | - Regine Herbst-Irmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, Göttingen, Lower Saxony 37077, Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, Göttingen, Lower Saxony 37077, Germany
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Macetti G, Genoni A. Initial Maximum Overlap Method for Large Systems by the Quantum Mechanics/Extremely Localized Molecular Orbital Embedding Technique. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:4169-4182. [PMID: 34196174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Quantum chemistry offers a large variety of methods to treat excited states. Many of them are based on a multireference wave function ansatz and are therefore characterized by an intrinsic complexity and high computational costs. To overcome these drawbacks and also some limitations of simpler single-reference approaches (e.g., configuration interaction singles and time-dependent density functional theory), the single-determinant Δself-consistent field-initial maximum overlap method (ΔSCF-IMOM) has been proposed. This strategy substitutes the aufbau principle with a criterion that occupies molecular orbitals at successive SCF iterations on the basis of their maximum overlap with a proper set of guess orbitals for the target excited state. In this way, it prevents the SCF process to collapse to the ground state wave function and provides excited state single Slater determinant solutions to the SCF equations. Here, we propose to extend the applicability of the IMOM to the treatment of localized excited states of large systems. To accomplish this task, we coupled it with the QM/ELMO (quantum mechanics/extremely localized molecular orbitals) strategy, a quantum mechanical embedding method in which the most chemically relevant part of the system is treated with traditional quantum chemical approaches, while the rest is described by extremely localized molecular orbitals transferred from recently constructed libraries or proper model molecules. After presenting the theoretical foundations of the new IMOM/ELMO technique, in this paper, we will show and discuss the results of preliminary test calculations carried out on both model systems (i.e., decanoic acid, decene, decapentaene, and solvated acrolein) and a system of biological interest (flavin mononucleotide in the flavodoxin protein). We observed that, for localized excited states, the new IMOM/ELMO method provides reliable results, and it reproduces the outcomes of fully IMOM calculations within the chemical accuracy threshold (i.e., 0.043 eV) by including only a limited number of atoms in the QM region. Furthermore, the first application of our embedding technique to a larger biological system gave completely plausible results in line with those obtained through more traditional quantum mechanical methods, thus opening the possibility of using the new approach in future investigations of photobiology problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Macetti
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT), UMR CNRS 7019, 1 Boulevard Arago, F-57078 Metz, France
| | - Alessandro Genoni
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT), UMR CNRS 7019, 1 Boulevard Arago, F-57078 Metz, France
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11
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Macetti G, Genoni A. Three-Layer Multiscale Approach Based on Extremely Localized Molecular Orbitals to Investigate Enzyme Reactions. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:6013-6027. [PMID: 34190569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations are widely used embedding techniques to computationally investigate enzyme reactions. In most QM/MM computations, the quantum mechanical region is treated through density functional theory (DFT), which offers the best compromise between chemical accuracy and computational cost. Nevertheless, to obtain more accurate results, one should resort to wave function-based methods, which however lead to a much larger computational cost already for relatively small QM subsystems. To overcome this drawback, we propose the coupling of our QM/ELMO (quantum mechanics/extremely localized molecular orbital) approach with molecular mechanics, thus introducing the three-layer QM/ELMO/MM technique. The QM/ELMO strategy is an embedding method in which the chemically relevant part of the system is treated at the quantum mechanical level, while the rest is described through frozen ELMOs. Since the QM/ELMO method reproduces results of fully QM computations within chemical accuracy and with a much lower computational effort, it can be considered a suitable strategy to extend the range of applicability and accuracy of the QM/MM scheme. In this paper, other than briefly presenting the theoretical bases of the QM/ELMO/MM technique, we will also discuss its validation on the well-tested deprotonation of acetyl coenzyme A by aspartate in citrate synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Macetti
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT), UMR CNRS 7019, 1 Boulevard Arago, F-57078 Metz, France
| | - Alessandro Genoni
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT), UMR CNRS 7019, 1 Boulevard Arago, F-57078 Metz, France
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12
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Malaspina LA, Genoni A, Grabowsky S. lamaGOET: an interface for quantum crystallography. J Appl Crystallogr 2021; 54:987-995. [PMID: 34188618 PMCID: PMC8202027 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576721002545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In quantum crystallography, theoretical calculations and crystallographic refinements are closely intertwined. This means that the employed software must be able to perform both quantum-mechanical calculations and crystallographic least-squares refinements. So far, the program Tonto is the only one able to do that. The lamaGOET interface described herein deals with this issue since it interfaces dedicated quantum-chemical software (the widely used Gaussian package and the specialized ELMOdb program) with the refinement capabilities of Tonto. Three different flavours of quantum-crystallographic refinements of the dipetide glycyl-l-threonine dihydrate are presented to showcase the capabilities of lamaGOET: Hirshfeld atom refinement (HAR), HAR-ELMO, namely HAR coupled with extremely localized molecular orbitals, and X-ray constrained wavefunction fitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine A. Malaspina
- Universität Bern, Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Universität Bremen, Fachbereich 2 – Biologie/Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Leobener Strasse 3, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Alessandro Genoni
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT), UMR CNRS 7019, 1 Boulevard Arago, 57078 Metz, France
| | - Simon Grabowsky
- Universität Bern, Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Universität Bremen, Fachbereich 2 – Biologie/Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Leobener Strasse 3, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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Malaspina LA, Genoni A, Jayatilaka D, Turner MJ, Sugimoto K, Nishibori E, Grabowsky S. The advanced treatment of hydrogen bonding in quantum crystallography. J Appl Crystallogr 2021; 54:718-729. [PMID: 34188611 PMCID: PMC8202034 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576721001126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although hydrogen bonding is one of the most important motifs in chemistry and biology, H-atom parameters are especially problematic to refine against X-ray diffraction data. New developments in quantum crystallography offer a remedy. This article reports how hydrogen bonds are treated in three different quantum-crystallographic methods: Hirshfeld atom refinement (HAR), HAR coupled to extremely localized molecular orbitals and X-ray wavefunction refinement. Three different compound classes that form strong intra- or intermolecular hydrogen bonds are used as test cases: hydrogen maleates, the tripeptide l-alanyl-glycyl-l-alanine co-crystallized with water, and xylitol. The differences in the quantum-mechanical electron densities underlying all the used methods are analysed, as well as how these differences impact on the refinement results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine A. Malaspina
- Universität Bern, Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Universität Bremen, Fachbereich 2 – Biologie/Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Leobener Strasse 3, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Alessandro Genoni
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT), UMR CNRS 7019, 1 Boulevard Arago, 57078 Metz, France
| | - Dylan Jayatilaka
- The University of Western Australia, School of Molecular Sciences, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Michael J. Turner
- The University of Western Australia, School of Molecular Sciences, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Kunihisa Sugimoto
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute/Diffraction and Scattering Division, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Eiji Nishibori
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Simon Grabowsky
- Universität Bern, Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Universität Bremen, Fachbereich 2 – Biologie/Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Leobener Strasse 3, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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14
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Macetti G, Wieduwilt EK, Genoni A. QM/ELMO: A Multi-Purpose Fully Quantum Mechanical Embedding Scheme Based on Extremely Localized Molecular Orbitals. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:2709-2726. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c11450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Macetti
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT), UMR CNRS 7019, 1 Boulevard Arago, F-57078 Metz, France
| | - Erna K. Wieduwilt
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT), UMR CNRS 7019, 1 Boulevard Arago, F-57078 Metz, France
| | - Alessandro Genoni
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT), UMR CNRS 7019, 1 Boulevard Arago, F-57078 Metz, France
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15
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Wieduwilt EK, Macetti G, Genoni A. Climbing Jacob's Ladder of Structural Refinement: Introduction of a Localized Molecular Orbital-Based Embedding for Accurate X-ray Determinations of Hydrogen Atom Positions. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:463-471. [PMID: 33369421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The positions of hydrogen atoms in molecules are fundamental in many aspects of chemistry. Nevertheless, most molecular structures are obtained from refinements of X-ray data exploiting the independent atom model (IAM), which uses spherical atomic densities and provides bond lengths involving hydrogen atoms that are too short compared to the neutron reference values. To overcome the IAM shortcomings, the wave function-based Hirshfeld atom refinement (HAR) method has been recently proposed, emerging as a promising strategy able to give element-hydrogen bond distances in excellent agreement with the neutron ones in terms of accuracy and precision. In this Letter, we propose a significant improvement of HAR based on the idea of describing the crystal environment explicitly in the underlying wave function calculation through a quantum mechanical embedding strategy that exploits extremely localized molecular orbitals. Test-bed refinements on a crystal structure characterized by strong intermolecular interactions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna K Wieduwilt
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT), UMR CNRS 7019, 1 Boulevard Arago, F-57078 Metz, France
| | - Giovanni Macetti
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT), UMR CNRS 7019, 1 Boulevard Arago, F-57078 Metz, France
| | - Alessandro Genoni
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT), UMR CNRS 7019, 1 Boulevard Arago, F-57078 Metz, France
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16
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Wieduwilt EK, Boisson JC, Terraneo G, Hénon E, Genoni A. A Step toward the Quantification of Noncovalent Interactions in Large Biological Systems: The Independent Gradient Model-Extremely Localized Molecular Orbital Approach. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:795-809. [PMID: 33444021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c01188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The independent gradient model (IGM) is a recent electron density-based computational method that enables to detect and quantify covalent and noncovalent interactions. When applied to large systems, the original version of the technique still relies on promolecular electron densities given by the sum of spherically averaged atomic electron distributions, which leads to approximate evaluations of the inter- and intramolecular interactions occurring in systems of biological interest. To overcome this drawback and perform IGM analyses based on quantum mechanically rigorous electron densities also for macromolecular systems, we coupled the IGM approach with the recently constructed libraries of extremely localized molecular orbitals (ELMOs) that allow fast and reliable reconstructions of polypeptide and protein electron densities. The validation tests performed on small polypeptides and peptide dimers have shown that the novel IGM-ELMO strategy provides results that are systematically closer to the fully quantum mechanical ones and outperforms the IGM method based on the crude promolecular approximation, but still keeping a quite low computational cost. The results of the test calculations carried out on proteins have also confirmed the trends observed for the IGM analyses conducted on small systems. This makes us envisage the future application of the novel IGM-ELMO approach to unravel complicated noncovalent interaction networks (e.g., in protein-protein contacts) or to rationally design new drugs through molecular docking calculations and virtual high-throughput screenings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna K Wieduwilt
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, UMR CNRS 7019, 1 Boulevard Arago, Metz F-57078, France
| | - Jean-Charles Boisson
- CReSTIC EA 3804, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Moulin de la Housse, Reims Cedex 02 BP39, F-51687, France
| | - Giancarlo Terraneo
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, Milan I-20131, Italy
| | - Eric Hénon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims UMR CNRS 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Moulin de la Housse, Reims Cedex 02 BP39, F-51687, France
| | - Alessandro Genoni
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, UMR CNRS 7019, 1 Boulevard Arago, Metz F-57078, France
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17
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Quantum mechanics/extremely localized molecular orbital embedding technique: Theoretical foundations and further validation. ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aiq.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Macchi
- Department, Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Center for Nano Science and Technology CNST@polimi, Italian Institute of Technology, Milano, Italy
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Macetti G, Genoni A. Quantum Mechanics/Extremely Localized Molecular Orbital Embedding Strategy for Excited States: Coupling to Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory and Equation-of-Motion Coupled Cluster. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:7490-7506. [PMID: 33241930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The QM/ELMO (quantum mechanics/extremely localized molecular orbital) method is a recently developed embedding technique in which the most important region of the system under examination is treated at fully quantum mechanical level, while the rest is described by means of transferred and frozen extremely localized molecular orbitals. In this paper, we propose the first application of the QM/ELMO approach to the investigation of excited states, and, in particular, we present the coupling of the QM/ELMO philosophy with Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT) and Equation-of-Motion Coupled Cluster with single and double substitutions (EOM-CCSD). The proposed TDDFT/ELMO and EOM-CCSD/ELMO strategies underwent a series of preliminary tests that were already considered for the validation of other embedding methods for excited states. The obtained results showed that the novel techniques allow the accurate description of localized excitations in large systems by only including a relatively small number of atoms in the region treated at fully quantum chemical level. Furthermore, for TDDFT/ELMO, it was also observed that (i) the method enables to avoid the presence of artificial low-lying charge-transfer states that may affect traditional TDDFT calculations, even using functionals that do not take into account long-range corrections, and (ii) the novel approach can be also successfully exploited to investigate local electronic transitions in quite large systems (e.g., reduced model of the Green Fluorescent Protein), and the accuracy of the results can be improved by including a sufficient number of chemically crucial fragments/residues in the quantum mechanical region. Finally, concerning EOM-CCSD/ELMO, it was also seen that, despite the quite crude approximation of an embedding potential given by frozen extremely localized molecular orbitals, the new strategy is able to satisfactorily account for the effects of the environment. This work paves the way to further extensions of the QM/ELMO philosophy for the study of local excitations in extended systems, suggesting the coupling of the QM/ELMO approach with other quantum chemical strategies for excited states, from the simplest ΔSCF techniques to the most advanced and computationally expensive multireferences methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Macetti
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT), UMR CNRS 7019, 1 Boulevard Arago, F-57078 Metz, France
| | - Alessandro Genoni
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT), UMR CNRS 7019, 1 Boulevard Arago, F-57078 Metz, France
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20
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Kleemiss F, Dolomanov OV, Bodensteiner M, Peyerimhoff N, Midgley L, Bourhis LJ, Genoni A, Malaspina LA, Jayatilaka D, Spencer JL, White F, Grundkötter-Stock B, Steinhauer S, Lentz D, Puschmann H, Grabowsky S. Accurate crystal structures and chemical properties from NoSpherA2. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1675-1692. [PMID: 34163928 PMCID: PMC8179328 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05526c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between the structure and the properties of a drug or material is a key concept of chemistry. Knowledge of the three-dimensional structure is considered to be of such importance that almost every report of a new chemical compound is accompanied by an X-ray crystal structure – at least since the 1970s when diffraction equipment became widely available. Crystallographic software of that time was restricted to very limited computing power, and therefore drastic simplifications had to be made. It is these simplifications that make the determination of the correct structure, especially when it comes to hydrogen atoms, virtually impossible. We have devised a robust and fast system where modern chemical structure models replace the old assumptions, leading to correct structures from the model refinement against standard in-house diffraction data using no more than widely available software and desktop computing power. We call this system NoSpherA2 (Non-Spherical Atoms in Olex2). We explain the theoretical background of this technique and demonstrate the far-reaching effects that the improved structure quality that is now routinely available can have on the interpretation of chemical problems exemplified by five selected examples. NoSpherA2 brings quantum crystallography to routine structure determination and to the analysis of chemical properties for any class of materials.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Kleemiss
- Universität Bern, Departement für Chemie und Biochemie Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | | | - Michael Bodensteiner
- Universität Regensburg, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Norbert Peyerimhoff
- Durham University, Department of Mathematical Sciences South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Laura Midgley
- Durham University, Department of Mathematical Sciences South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Luc J Bourhis
- Bruker France 4 Allée Lorentz, Champs-sur-Marne 77447 Marne-la-Vallée cedex 2 France
| | - Alessandro Genoni
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT), UMR CNRS 7019 1 Boulevard Arago 57078 Metz France
| | - Lorraine A Malaspina
- Universität Bern, Departement für Chemie und Biochemie Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Dylan Jayatilaka
- University of Western Australia, School of Molecular Sciences 35 Stirling Highway WA 6009 Perth Australia
| | - John L Spencer
- Victoria University of Wellington, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Wellington 6012 New Zealand
| | - Fraser White
- Rigaku Europe SE Hugenottenallee 167 63263 Neu-Isenburg Germany
| | - Bernhard Grundkötter-Stock
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Anorganische Chemie, Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Simon Steinhauer
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Anorganische Chemie, Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Dieter Lentz
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Anorganische Chemie, Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | | | - Simon Grabowsky
- Universität Bern, Departement für Chemie und Biochemie Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
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21
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Chodkiewicz ML, Woińska M, Woźniak K. Hirshfeld atom like refinement with alternative electron density partitions. IUCRJ 2020; 7:1199-1215. [PMID: 33209330 PMCID: PMC7642787 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252520013603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hirshfeld atom refinement is one of the most successful methods for the accurate determination of structural parameters for hydrogen atoms from X-ray diffraction data. This work introduces a generalization of the method [generalized atom refinement (GAR)], consisting of the application of various methods of partitioning electron density into atomic contributions. These were tested on three organic structures using the following partitions: Hirshfeld, iterative Hirshfeld, iterative stockholder, minimal basis iterative stockholder and Becke. The effects of partition choice were also compared with those caused by other factors such as quantum chemical methodology, basis set, representation of the crystal field and a combination of these factors. The differences between the partitions were small in terms of R factor (e.g. much smaller than for refinements with different quantum chemistry methods, i.e. Hartree-Fock and coupled cluster) and therefore no single partition was clearly the best in terms of experimental data reconstruction. In the case of structural parameters the differences between the partitions are comparable to those related to the choice of other factors. We have observed the systematic effects of the partition choice on bond lengths and ADP values of polar hydrogen atoms. The bond lengths were also systematically influenced by the choice of electron density calculation methodology. This suggests that GAR-derived structural parameters could be systematically improved by selecting an optimal combination of the partition and quantum chemistry method. The results of the refinements were compared with those of neutron diffraction experiments. This allowed a selection of the most promising partition methods for further optimization of GAR settings, namely the Hirshfeld, iterative stockholder and minimal basis iterative stockholder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Leszek Chodkiewicz
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, Warszawa, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Magdalena Woińska
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, Warszawa, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, Warszawa, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
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22
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Abstract
In this review article, we report on the recent progresses in the field of quantum crystallography that has witnessed a massive increase of production coupled with a broadening of the scope in the last decade. It is shown that the early thoughts about extracting quantum mechanical information from crystallographic experiments are becoming reality, although a century after prediction. While in the past the focus was mainly on electron density and related quantities, the attention is now shifting toward determination of wavefunction from experiments, which enables an exhaustive determination of the quantum mechanical functions and properties of a system. Nonetheless, methods based on electron density modelling have evolved and are nowadays able to reconstruct tiny polarizations of core electrons, coupling charge and spin models, or determining the quantum behaviour at extreme conditions. Far from being routine, these experimental and computational results should be regarded with special attention by scientists for the wealth of information on a system that they actually contain.
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23
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Vénosová B, Koziskova J, Kožíšek J, Herich P, Lušpai K, Petricek V, Hartung J, Müller M, Hübschle CB, van Smaalen S, Bucinsky L. Charge density of 4-methyl-3-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy]thiazole-2(3H)-thione. A comprehensive multipole refinement, maximum entropy method and density functional theory study. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2020; 76:450-468. [PMID: 32831263 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520620005533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The structure of 4-methyl-3-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy]thiazole-2(3H)-thione (MTTOTHP) was investigated using X-ray diffraction and computational chemistry methods for determining properties of the nitrogen-oxygen bond, which is the least stable entity upon photochemical excitation. Experimentally measured structure factors have been used to determine and characterize charge density via the multipole model (MM) and the maximum entropy method (MEM). Theoretical investigation of the electron density and the electronic structure has been performed in the finite basis set density functional theory (DFT) framework. Quantum Theory of Atoms In Molecules (QTAIM), deformation densities and Laplacians maps have been used to compare theoretical and experimental results. MM experimental results and predictions from theory differ with respect to the sign and/or magnitude of the Laplacian at the N-O bond critical point (BCP), depending on the treatment of n values of the MM radial functions. Such Laplacian differences in the N-O bond case are discussed with respect to a lack of flexibility in the MM radial functions also reported by Rykounov et al. [Acta Cryst. (2011), B67, 425-436]. BCP Hessian eigenvalues show qualitatively matching results between MM and DFT. In addition, the theoretical analysis used domain-averaged fermi holes (DAFH), natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis and localized (LOC) orbitals to characterize the N-O bond as a single σ bond with marginal π character. Hirshfeld atom refinement (HAR) has been employed to compare to the MM refinement results and/or neutron dataset C-H bond lengths and to crystal or single molecule geometry optimizations, including considerations of anisotropy of H atoms. Our findings help to understand properties of molecules like MTTOTHP as progenitors of free oxygen radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Vénosová
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak Technical University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, Bratislava, SK-81237, Slovak Republic
| | - Julia Koziskova
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak Technical University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, Bratislava, SK-81237, Slovak Republic
| | - Jozef Kožíšek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak Technical University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, Bratislava, SK-81237, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Herich
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak Technical University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, Bratislava, SK-81237, Slovak Republic
| | - Karol Lušpai
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak Technical University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, Bratislava, SK-81237, Slovak Republic
| | - Vaclav Petricek
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, Praha 8, 182 21, Czech Republic
| | - Jens Hartung
- Fachbereich Chemie, Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, Kaiserslautern, D-67663, Germany
| | - Mike Müller
- Fachbereich Chemie, Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, Kaiserslautern, D-67663, Germany
| | - Christian B Hübschle
- Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, Bayreuth, 95447, Germany
| | - Sander van Smaalen
- Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, Bayreuth, 95447, Germany
| | - Lukas Bucinsky
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak Technical University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, Bratislava, SK-81237, Slovak Republic
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24
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Jha KK, Gruza B, Kumar P, Chodkiewicz ML, Dominiak PM. TAAM: a reliable and user friendly tool for hydrogen-atom location using routine X-ray diffraction data. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2020; 76:296-306. [PMID: 32831250 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520620002917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen is present in almost all of the molecules in living things. It is very reactive and forms bonds with most of the elements, terminating their valences and enhancing their chemistry. X-ray diffraction is the most common method for structure determination. It depends on scattering of X-rays from electron density, which means the single electron of hydrogen is difficult to detect. Generally, neutron diffraction data are used to determine the accurate position of hydrogen atoms. However, the requirement for good quality single crystals, costly maintenance and the limited number of neutron diffraction facilities means that these kind of results are rarely available. Here it is shown that the use of Transferable Aspherical Atom Model (TAAM) instead of Independent Atom Model (IAM) in routine structure refinement with X-ray data is another possible solution which largely improves the precision and accuracy of X-H bond lengths and makes them comparable to averaged neutron bond lengths. TAAM, built from a pseudoatom databank, was used to determine the X-H bond lengths on 75 data sets for organic molecule crystals. TAAM parametrizations available in the modified University of Buffalo Databank (UBDB) of pseudoatoms applied through the DiSCaMB software library were used. The averaged bond lengths determined by TAAM refinements with X-ray diffraction data of atomic resolution (dmin ≤ 0.83 Å) showed very good agreement with neutron data, mostly within one single sample standard deviation, much like Hirshfeld atom refinement (HAR). Atomic displacements for both hydrogen and non-hydrogen atoms obtained from the refinements systematically differed from IAM results. Overall TAAM gave better fits to experimental data of standard resolution compared to IAM. The research was accompanied with development of software aimed at providing user-friendly tools to use aspherical atom models in refinement of organic molecules at speeds comparable to routine refinements based on spherical atom model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Kumar Jha
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, Warszawa, 02-089, Poland
| | - Barbara Gruza
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, Warszawa, 02-089, Poland
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, Warszawa, 02-089, Poland
| | - Michal Leszek Chodkiewicz
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, Warszawa, 02-089, Poland
| | - Paulina Maria Dominiak
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, Warszawa, 02-089, Poland
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25
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Post-Hartree-Fock methods for Hirshfeld atom refinement: are they necessary? Investigation of a strongly hydrogen-bonded molecular crystal. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.127934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Ernst M, Genoni A, Macchi P. Analysis of crystal field effects and interactions using X-ray restrained ELMOs. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.127975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Bensberg M, Neugebauer J. Orbital Alignment for Accurate Projection-Based Embedding Calculations along Reaction Paths. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:3607-3619. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Bensberg
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Neugebauer
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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28
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Macetti G, Wieduwilt EK, Assfeld X, Genoni A. Localized Molecular Orbital-Based Embedding Scheme for Correlated Methods. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:3578-3596. [PMID: 32369363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Embedding strategies currently provide the best compromise between accuracy and computational cost in modeling chemical properties and processes of large and complex systems. In this framework, different methods have been proposed all over the years, from the very popular QM/MM approaches to the more recent and very promising density matrix and density functional embedding techniques. Here, we present a further development of the quantum mechanics/extremely localized molecular orbital technique (QM/ELMO) method, a recently proposed multiscale embedding strategy in which the chemically active region of the investigated system is treated at a fully quantum mechanical level, while the rest is described by frozen extremely localized molecular orbitals previously transferred from proper libraries or tailor-made model molecules. In particular, in this work we discuss and assess in detail the extension of the QM/ELMO approach to density functional theory and post-Hartree-Fock techniques by evaluating its performances when it is used to describe chemical reactions, bond dissociations, and intermolecular interactions. The preliminary test calculations have shown that, in the investigated cases, the new embedding strategy enables the results of the corresponding fully quantum mechanical computations to be reproduced within chemical accuracy in almost all the cases but with a significantly reduced computational cost, especially when correlated post-Hartree-Fock strategies are used to describe the quantum mechanical subsystem. In light of the obtained results, we already envisage the future application of the new correlated QM/ELMO techniques to the investigation of more challenging problems, such as the modeling of enzyme catalysis, the study of excited states of biomolecules, and the refinement of macromolecular X-ray crystal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Macetti
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT), UMR CNRS 7019, 1 Boulevard Arago, F-57078 Metz, France
| | - Erna K Wieduwilt
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT), UMR CNRS 7019, 1 Boulevard Arago, F-57078 Metz, France
| | - Xavier Assfeld
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT), UMR CNRS 7019, Boulevard des Aiguilletes, BP 70239, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Alessandro Genoni
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT), UMR CNRS 7019, 1 Boulevard Arago, F-57078 Metz, France
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Malček M, Vénosová B, Puškárová I, Kožíšek J, Gall M, Bučinský L. Coordination bonding in dicopper and dichromium tetrakis(μ-acetato)-diaqua complexes: Nature, strength, length, and topology. J Comput Chem 2020; 41:698-714. [PMID: 31804728 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Geometry optimization, energetics, electronic structure, and topology of electron density of dicopper (I) and dichromium (II) tetrakis(μ-acetato)-diaqua complexes are studied focusing on the metal-metal interactions. The performance of broken symmetry (BS) single-determinant ab initio (Hartree-Fock, Møller-Plesset perturbation theory to the second and third orders, coupled clusters singles and doubles) and density functional theory (BLYP, B3LYP, B3LYP-D3, B2PLYP, MPW2PLYP) methods is compared to multideterminant ab initio (CASSCF, NEVPT2) methods as well as to the multipole model of charge density from a single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiment (Herich et al., Acta Cryst. 2018, B74, 681-692). In vacuo DFT geometry optimizations (improper axial water ligand orientation) are compared against the periodic ones. The singlet state is found to be energetically preferred. J coupling of (I) becomes underestimated for all ab initio methods used, when compared to experiment. It is concluded that the strength of the direct M─M interactions correlates closely with the J coupling magnitude at a given level of theory. The double potential well character of (II) and of the dehydrated form of (II) are considered with respect to the Cr─Cr distance. The physical effective bond order of the metal-metal interaction is small (below 0.1 e) in (I) and moderate (0.4 e) in (II). The CASSCF results overestimate the electron density of the metal-metal bond critical point by 20% and 50% in (I) and (II), respectively, when compared to the multipole model. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Malček
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Barbora Vénosová
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ingrid Puškárová
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jozef Kožíšek
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Marián Gall
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Institute of Information Engineering, Automation, and Mathematics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Lukáš Bučinský
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Genoni A. On the use of the Obara–Saika recurrence relations for the calculation of structure factors in quantum crystallography. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA A-FOUNDATION AND ADVANCES 2020; 76:172-179. [DOI: 10.1107/s205327332000042x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Modern methods of quantum crystallography are techniques firmly rooted in quantum chemistry and, as in many quantum chemical strategies, electron densities are expressed as two-centre expansions that involve basis functions centred on atomic nuclei. Therefore, the computation of the necessary structure factors requires the evaluation of Fourier transform integrals of basis function products. Since these functions are usually Cartesian Gaussians, in this communication it is shown that the Fourier integrals can be efficiently calculated by exploiting an extension of the Obara–Saika recurrence formulas, which are successfully used by quantum chemists in the computation of molecular integrals. Implementation and future perspectives of the technique are also discussed.
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Grabowsky S, Genoni A, Thomas SP, Jayatilaka D. The Advent of Quantum Crystallography: Form and Structure Factors from Quantum Mechanics for Advanced Structure Refinement and Wavefunction Fitting. 21ST CENTURY CHALLENGES IN CHEMICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY II 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/430_2020_62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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32
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Malaspina LA, Wieduwilt EK, Bergmann J, Kleemiss F, Meyer B, Ruiz-López MF, Pal R, Hupf E, Beckmann J, Piltz RO, Edwards AJ, Grabowsky S, Genoni A. Fast and Accurate Quantum Crystallography: From Small to Large, from Light to Heavy. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:6973-6982. [PMID: 31633355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The coupling of the crystallographic refinement technique Hirshfeld atom refinement (HAR) with the recently constructed libraries of extremely localized molecular orbitals (ELMOs) gives rise to the new quantum-crystallographic method HAR-ELMO. This method is significantly faster than HAR but as accurate and precise, especially concerning the free refinement of hydrogen atoms from X-ray diffraction data, so that the first fully quantum-crystallographic refinement of a protein is presented here. However, the promise of HAR-ELMO exceeds large molecules and protein crystallography. In fact, it also renders possible electron-density investigations of heavy elements in small molecules and facilitates the detection and isolation of systematic errors from physical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine A Malaspina
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Fachbereich 2 - Biologie/Chemie , Universität Bremen , Leobener Straße 3 und 7 , 28359 Bremen , Germany
| | - Erna K Wieduwilt
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Fachbereich 2 - Biologie/Chemie , Universität Bremen , Leobener Straße 3 und 7 , 28359 Bremen , Germany
- Université de Lorraine , CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT) , 1 Boulevard Arago , 57078 Metz , France
| | - Justin Bergmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Fachbereich 2 - Biologie/Chemie , Universität Bremen , Leobener Straße 3 und 7 , 28359 Bremen , Germany
| | - Florian Kleemiss
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Fachbereich 2 - Biologie/Chemie , Universität Bremen , Leobener Straße 3 und 7 , 28359 Bremen , Germany
- Departement für Chemie und Biochemie , Universität Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , 3012 Bern , Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Meyer
- Université de Lorraine , CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT) , 1 Boulevard Arago , 57078 Metz , France
| | - Manuel F Ruiz-López
- Université de Lorraine , CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT) , 1 Boulevard Arago , 57078 Metz , France
| | - Rumpa Pal
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Fachbereich 2 - Biologie/Chemie , Universität Bremen , Leobener Straße 3 und 7 , 28359 Bremen , Germany
| | - Emanuel Hupf
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Fachbereich 2 - Biologie/Chemie , Universität Bremen , Leobener Straße 3 und 7 , 28359 Bremen , Germany
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Fachbereich 2 - Biologie/Chemie , Universität Bremen , Leobener Straße 3 und 7 , 28359 Bremen , Germany
| | - Ross O Piltz
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation , Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering , New Illawarra Road , Lucas Heights , NSW 2234 , Australia
| | - Alison J Edwards
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation , Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering , New Illawarra Road , Lucas Heights , NSW 2234 , Australia
| | - Simon Grabowsky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Fachbereich 2 - Biologie/Chemie , Universität Bremen , Leobener Straße 3 und 7 , 28359 Bremen , Germany
- Departement für Chemie und Biochemie , Universität Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , 3012 Bern , Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Genoni
- Université de Lorraine , CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT) , 1 Boulevard Arago , 57078 Metz , France
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33
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Macetti G, Genoni A. Quantum Mechanics/Extremely Localized Molecular Orbital Method: A Fully Quantum Mechanical Embedding Approach for Macromolecules. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:9420-9428. [PMID: 31539253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b08882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of methods for the quantum mechanical study of macromolecules has always been an important challenge in theoretical chemistry. Nowadays, the techniques proposed in this context can be used to investigate very large systems and can be subdivided into two main categories: fragmentation and embedding strategies. In this paper, by modifying and improving the local self-consistent field approach originally proposed for quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics techniques, we introduce the new multiscale embedding quantum mechanics/extremely localized molecular orbital (QM/ELMO) method. The new strategy enables treatment of chemically relevant regions of large biological molecules through usual methods of quantum chemistry while describing the remaining parts of the systems by means of frozen extremely localized molecular orbitals transferred from properly constructed libraries. Test calculations have shown the correct functioning and the high reliability of the new approach, thus anticipating its possible applications to different fields of physical chemistry, such as rational drug design and structural refinements of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Macetti
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS , Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT) , UMR CNRS 7019, 1 Boulevard Arago , F-57078 Metz , France
| | - Alessandro Genoni
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS , Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT) , UMR CNRS 7019, 1 Boulevard Arago , F-57078 Metz , France
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Arias-Olivares D, Wieduwilt EK, Contreras-García J, Genoni A. NCI-ELMO: A New Method To Quickly and Accurately Detect Noncovalent Interactions in Biosystems. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:6456-6470. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Arias-Olivares
- Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Ave. Republica 275, Santiago, Chile
- Sorbonne Université & CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, UMR CNRS 7616, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Erna K. Wieduwilt
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, UMR CNRS 7019, 1 Boulevard Arago, F-57078 Metz, France
| | - Julia Contreras-García
- Sorbonne Université & CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, UMR CNRS 7616, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Alessandro Genoni
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, UMR CNRS 7019, 1 Boulevard Arago, F-57078 Metz, France
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Genoni A, Macetti G, Franchini D, Pieraccini S, Sironi M. X-ray constrained spin-coupled technique: theoretical details and further assessment of the method. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA A-FOUNDATION AND ADVANCES 2019; 75:778-797. [PMID: 31692454 DOI: 10.1107/s2053273319011021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
One of the well-established methods of modern quantum crystallography is undoubtedly the X-ray constrained wavefunction (XCW) approach, a technique that enables the determination of wavefunctions which not only minimize the energy of the system under examination, but also reproduce experimental X-ray diffraction data within the limit of the experimental errors. Initially proposed in the framework of the Hartree–Fock method, the strategy has been gradually extended to other techniques of quantum chemistry, but always remaining limited to a single-determinant ansatz for the wavefunction to extract. This limitation has been recently overcome through the development of the novel X-ray constrained spin-coupled (XCSC) approach [Genoni et al. (2018). Chem. Eur. J.
24, 15507–15511] which merges the XCW philosophy with the traditional spin-coupled strategy of valence bond theory. The main advantage of this new technique is the possibility of extracting traditional chemical descriptors (e.g. resonance structure weights) compatible with the experimental diffraction measurements, without the need to introduce information a priori or perform analyses a posteriori. This paper provides a detailed theoretical derivation of the fundamental equations at the basis of the XCSC method and also introduces a further advancement of its original version, mainly consisting in the use of molecular orbitals resulting from XCW calculations at the Hartree–Fock level to describe the inactive electrons in the XCSC computations. Furthermore, extensive test calculations, which have been performed by exploiting high-resolution X-ray diffraction data for salicylic acid and by adopting different basis sets, are presented and discussed. The computational tests have shown that the new technique does not suffer from particular convergence problems. Moreover, all the XCSC calculations provided resonance structure weights, spin-coupled orbitals and global electron densities slightly different from those resulting from the corresponding unconstrained computations. These discrepancies can be ascribed to the capability of the novel strategy to capture the information intrinsically contained in the experimental data used as external constraints.
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Fabrizio A, Grisafi A, Meyer B, Ceriotti M, Corminboeuf C. Electron density learning of non-covalent systems. Chem Sci 2019; 10:9424-9432. [PMID: 32055318 PMCID: PMC6991182 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02696g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemists continuously harvest the power of non-covalent interactions to control phenomena in both the micro- and macroscopic worlds. From the quantum chemical perspective, the strategies essentially rely upon an in-depth understanding of the physical origin of these interactions, the quantification of their magnitude and their visualization in real-space. The total electron density ρ(r) represents the simplest yet most comprehensive piece of information available for fully characterizing bonding patterns and non-covalent interactions. The charge density of a molecule can be computed by solving the Schrödinger equation, but this approach becomes rapidly demanding if the electron density has to be evaluated for thousands of different molecules or very large chemical systems, such as peptides and proteins. Here we present a transferable and scalable machine-learning model capable of predicting the total electron density directly from the atomic coordinates. The regression model is used to access qualitative and quantitative insights beyond the underlying ρ(r) in a diverse ensemble of sidechain–sidechain dimers extracted from the BioFragment database (BFDb). The transferability of the model to more complex chemical systems is demonstrated by predicting and analyzing the electron density of a collection of 8 polypeptides. Machine learning model of the electron densities for analyzing non-covalent interaction patterns in peptides.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Fabrizio
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design , Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland . .,National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL) , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Andrea Grisafi
- Laboratory of Computational Science and Modeling , IMX , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland.,National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL) , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Meyer
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design , Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland . .,National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL) , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Michele Ceriotti
- Laboratory of Computational Science and Modeling , IMX , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland.,National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL) , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Clemence Corminboeuf
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design , Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland . .,National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL) , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
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Leduc T, Aubert E, Espinosa E, Jelsch C, Iordache C, Guillot B. Polarization of Electron Density Databases of Transferable Multipolar Atoms. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:7156-7170. [PMID: 31294565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b05051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polarizability is a key molecular property involved in either macroscopic (i.e., dielectric constant) and microscopic properties (i.e., interaction energies). In rigid molecules, this property only depends on the ability of the electron density (ED) to acquire electrostatic moments in response to applied electric fields. Databases of transferable electron density fragments are a cheap and efficient way to access molecular EDs. This approach is rooted in the relative conservation of the atomic ED between different molecules, termed transferability principle. The present work discusses the application of this transferability principle to the polarizability, an electron density-derived property, partitioned in atomic contributions using the Quantum Theory of Atoms In Molecules topology. The energetic consequences of accounting for in situ deformation (polarization) of database multipolar atoms are investigated in detail by using a high-quality quantum chemical benchmark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Leduc
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRM2 , F-54000 Nancy , France
| | | | | | | | | | - Benoît Guillot
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRM2 , F-54000 Nancy , France
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38
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Cachau RE, Zhu J, Nicklaus MC. The upcoming subatomic resolution revolution. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2019; 58:53-58. [PMID: 31233975 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Subatomic resolution macromolecular crystallography has been revealing the most fascinating details of macromolecular structures for many years. This most extreme form of macromolecular crystallography is going through rapid changes. A new generation of superbrilliant X-ray sources and detectors is facilitating the rapid acquisition of high-quality datasets. Equally important, a new breed of methods and highly integrated advanced computational tools for structure refinement and analysis is poised to change the way we use subatomic resolution data and reposition high-resolution macromolecular crystallography in medicinal chemistry studies. Subatomic resolution macromolecular crystallography may soon be a routine source of detailed molecular information besides precise geometries, including binding energies and other chemical descriptors, opening new possibilities of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul E Cachau
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Jianghai Zhu
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Marc C Nicklaus
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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39
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Nikolaienko TY. The maximum occupancy condition for the localized property-optimized orbitals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:5285-5294. [PMID: 30778429 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07276k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
It is shown analytically that the Chemist's Localized Property-optimized Orbitals (CLPOs), which are the localized orbitals obtainable from the results of ab initio calculations by the open-source program JANPA (http://janpa.sourceforge.net/) according to the recently proposed optimal property partitioning condition, form the Lewis structure with nearly maximum possible total electron occupancy. The conditions required for this additional optimality to hold are discussed. In particular, when a single-determinant wavefunction is used to describe the molecular system without a noticeable electron delocalization, CLPOs derived from this wavefunction approximately optimize the same target quantity as the Natural Bond Orbitals (NBOs), establishing in this way the link between the two sets of localized orbitals. The performance of CLPO and NBO methods is compared by using a dataset containing 7101 small molecules, and the relevant methodological features of both methods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tymofii Yu Nikolaienko
- Faculty of Physics of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13 Volodymyrska Str., Kyiv 01601, Ukraine.
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