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Mahmood A, Akram T, Chen S, Azam S. From Molecules to Devices: Insights into Electronic and Optical Properties of Pyridine-Derived Compounds Using Density Functional Theory Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:1049-1062. [PMID: 38323545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we delve into the electronic structure, spectroscopic, and optical properties of five benzo derivatives of pyridine, namely, 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-fluoropyridine (1), 2-fluoro-5-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridine (2), 4-(2-fluoropyridin-5-yl)phenol (3), 5-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2-fluoropyridine (4), and 5-(5-bromo-2-methoxyphenyl)-2-fluoropyridine (5). Utilizing quantum chemical density functional theory calculations at the B3LYP and Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof levels of theory combined with the 6-311G(d,p) and 6-311++G(d,p) basis sets, we investigated the electronic and optical characteristics of these compounds. Band structure calculations were conducted for their crystalline structures, revealing a direct band gap varying from 3.018 to 3.558 eV, with the valence band maximum and conduction band minimum located at the G point in the Brillouin zone. The optical properties were analyzed, including the dielectric functions, reflectivity, and refractive index. Notably, reflectivity was found to be minimal in the photon energy range of 0.0-3.0 eV, and the static refractive index, n(0), ranged from 1.55 to 1.70. The research also involved assessing the reactivity of the compounds through calculation of the frontier orbital energy gaps (ΔE), indicating a significant charge transfer and high reactivity. Additionally, we performed frequency analysis to unveil the Fourier-transform infrared spectra of compounds 1-5 at room temperature. Molecular electrostatic potential surfaces of the optimized structures were employed to map the electrophilic and nucleophilic regions of the compounds. This investigation provides a comprehensive understanding of the electronic and optical properties of these pyridine derivatives, shedding light on their potential applications in optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyaz Mahmood
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 610054, China
- School of Art and Design, Guangzhou Panyu Polytechnic, Guangzhou 511483, China
| | - Tayyaba Akram
- Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shenggui Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
- School of Art and Design, Guangzhou Panyu Polytechnic, Guangzhou 511483, China
| | - Sikander Azam
- New Technologies─Research Center, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitni 8, 306 14 Pilsen, Czech Republic
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Tupikina EY, Korostelev VO, Krutin DV, Tolstoy PM. Evolution of vibrational bands upon gradual protonation/deprotonation of arsinic acid H 2As(O)OH in media of different polarity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:8664-8675. [PMID: 36891959 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp06060d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
This computational work is devoted to the investigation (MP2/def2-TZVP) of the geometry and IR parameters of arsinic acid H2AsOOH and its hydrogen-bonded complexes under vacuum and in media with different polarity. The medium effects were accounted for in two ways: (1) implicitly, using the IEFPCM model, varying the dielectric permittivity (ε) and (2) explicitly, by considering hydrogen-bonded complexes of H2As(O)OH with various hydrogen bond donors (41 complexes) or acceptors (38 complexes), imitating a gradual transition to the As(OH)2+ or AsO2- moiety, respectively. It was shown that the transition from vacuum to a medium with ε > 1 causes the As(O)OH fragment to lose its flatness. The solvent polar medium introduces significant changes in the geometry and IR spectral parameters of hydrogen-bonded complexes too: as the polarity of a medium increases, weak hydrogen bonds become weaker, and strong and medium hydrogen bonds become stronger; in the case of a complex with two hydrogen bonds cooperativity effects are observed. In almost all cases the driving force of these changes appears to be preferential solvation of charge-separated structures. In the limiting case of complete deprotonation (or conversely complete protonation) the vibrational frequencies of νAsO and νAs-O turn into νAs-O(asym) and νAs-O(sym), respectively. In the intermediate cases the distance between νAsO and νAs-O is sensitive to both implicit solvation and explicit solvation and the systematic changes of this distance can be used for estimation of the degree of proton transfer within the hydrogen bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Yu Tupikina
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | | | - Danil V Krutin
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Peter M Tolstoy
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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Wahyudi W, Guo X, Ladelta V, Tsetseris L, Nugraha MI, Lin Y, Tung V, Hadjichristidis N, Li Q, Xu K, Ming J, Anthopoulos TD. Hitherto Unknown Solvent and Anion Pairs in Solvation Structures Reveal New Insights into High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202405. [PMID: 35975430 PMCID: PMC9534968 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Solvent-solvent and solvent-anion pairings in battery electrolytes have been identified for the first time by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These hitherto unknown interactions are enabled by the hydrogen bonding induced by the strong Lewis acid Li+ , and exist between the electron-deficient hydrogen (δ+ H) present in the solvent molecules and either other solvent molecules or negatively-charged anions. Complementary with the well-established strong but short-ranged Coulombic interactions between cation and solvent molecules, such weaker but longer-ranged hydrogen-bonding casts the formation of an extended liquid structure in electrolytes that is influenced by their components (solvents, additives, salts, and concentration), which in turn dictates the ion transport within bulk electrolytes and across the electrolyte-electrode interfaces. The discovery of this new inter-component force completes the picture of how electrolyte components interact and arrange themselves, sets the foundation to design better electrolytes on the fundamental level, and probes battery performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandi Wahyudi
- KAUST Solar CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955–6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Xianrong Guo
- Core LabsKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955–6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Viko Ladelta
- KAUST Catalysis CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955–6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Leonidas Tsetseris
- Department of PhysicsNational Technical University of AthensAthensGR‐15780Greece
| | - Mohamad I. Nugraha
- KAUST Solar CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955–6900Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced MaterialsNational Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)South TangerangBanten15314Indonesia
| | - Yuanbao Lin
- KAUST Solar CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955–6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Vincent Tung
- KAUST Solar CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955–6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- KAUST Catalysis CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955–6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource UtilizationChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun130022People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Xu
- Battery Science BranchUS Army Research LaboratoryAdelphiMaryland20783USA
| | - Jun Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource UtilizationChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun130022People's Republic of China
| | - Thomas D. Anthopoulos
- KAUST Solar CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955–6900Saudi Arabia
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Giba IS, Tolstoy PM, Mulloyarova VV. A phosphonic acid anion and acid dimer dianion stabilized by proton transfer in OHN hydrogen bonds - models of structural motifs in blend polymer membranes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:11362-11369. [PMID: 35502624 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00551d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structure of intermolecular hydrogen-bonded complexes formed between tert-butylphosphonic acid and trimethylpyridine molecules has been experimentally studied as the simplest model system of the structural motifs in blend proton-conducting polymer membranes based on phosphonic acid residues. The stoichiometry of the formed complexes and proton positions in OHO and OHN hydrogen bonds were established by the H/D isotope effects and temperature dependences of the signals in 1H and 31P NMR spectra. Two structural motifs, namely, 1 : 2 and 2 : 2 acid-base complexes, were identified at the low temperature in a polar aprotic environment. In the 1 : 2 complex, one proton has passed through the hydrogen bond center creating a chain of two cooperatively coupled OHN bonds, while in the 2 : 2 complex both OHN bonds are zwitterionic and anti-cooperatively coupled to each other via a dianionic cyclic dimer of phosphonic acid in the middle. The dianionic cyclic dimer is metastable by itself, but under the used experimental conditions it is stabilized by complexation with two trimethylpyridinium cations. Additionally, quantum chemical calculations using the DFT method were carried out to support the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Giba
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Russia
| | - P M Tolstoy
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Russia.
| | - V V Mulloyarova
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Russia.
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Yakubenko AA, Puzyk AM, Korostelev VO, Mulloyarova VV, Tupikina EY, Tolstoy PM, Antonov AS. Self-association of diphenylpnictoginic acids in solution and solid state: covalent vs. hydrogen bonding. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:7882-7892. [PMID: 35302575 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00286h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Triphenylpnictogens were oxidized to access diphenylpnictioginic acids Ph2XOOH (X = P, As, Sb, Bi). It was shown that oxidation with chloramine-T does not lead to the cleavage of a C-pnictogen bond. The preliminary reductive cleavage with sodium in liquid ammonia followed by the oxidation with hydrogen peroxide was successfully utilised for the synthesis of diphenylphosphinic and diphenylarsinic acids. It was shown that in solid state (by means of XRD), all diphenylpnictoginic acids form polymeric chains. Diphenylbismuthinic and diphenylantimonic acids form polymeric covalent adducts, while diphenylphosphinic and diphenylarsinic chains are associated through hydrogen bonding. Unlike diphenylphosphinic acid, diphenilarsinic acid forms two polymorphs of hydrogen-bonded infinite chains. In solution in a polar aprotic solvent diphenylarsinic acid, similarly to dimethylarsinic, forms hydrogen-bonded cyclic dimers together with a small amount of cyclic trimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artyom A Yakubenko
- St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksandra M Puzyk
- St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Vladislav O Korostelev
- St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Valeriia V Mulloyarova
- St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Yu Tupikina
- St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Peter M Tolstoy
- St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S Antonov
- St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
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Kostin MA, Pylaeva S, Tolstoy P. Phosphine oxides as NMR and IR spectroscopic probes for geometry and energy of PO···H–A hydrogen bonds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:7121-7133. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05939d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work we evaluate the possibility to use the NMR and IR spectral properties of P=O group to estimate the geometry and strength of hydrogen bonds which it forms...
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Milic M, Targos K, Tellez Chavez M, Thompson MAM, Jennings JJ, Franz AK. NMR Quantification of Hydrogen-Bond-Accepting Ability for Organic Molecules. J Org Chem 2021; 86:6031-6043. [PMID: 33880918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The hydrogen-bond-accepting abilities for more than 100 organic molecules are quantified using 19F and 31P NMR spectroscopy with pentafluorobenzoic acid (PFBA) and phenylphosphinic acid (PPA) as commercially available, inexpensive probes. Analysis of pyridines and anilines with a variety of electronic modifications demonstrates that changes in NMR shifts can predict the secondary effects that contribute to H-bond-accepting ability, establishing the ability of PFBA and PPA binding to predict electronic trends. The H-bond-accepting abilities of various metal-chelating ligands and organocatalysts are also quantified. The measured Δδ(31P) and Δδp(19F) values correlate strongly with Hammett parameters, pKa of the protonated HBA, and proton-transfer basicity (pKBH+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Milic
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Karina Targos
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Magda Tellez Chavez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Madison A M Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Julia J Jennings
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Annaliese K Franz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Giba IS, Mulloyarova VV, Denisov GS, Tolstoy PM. Sensitivity of 31 P NMR chemical shifts to hydrogen bond geometry and molecular conformation for complexes of phosphinic acids with pyridines. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2021; 59:465-477. [PMID: 33332667 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The results of the quantum-chemical investigation of a series of hydrogen-bonded 1:1 acid-base complexes formed by model phosphinic acids, Me2 POOH, and PhHPOOH, are reported. A series of substituted pyridines (pKa range from 0.5 to 10) was chosen as proton acceptors. Gradual changes of isotropic 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shift, δP, were correlated with the bridging proton position in the intermolecular OHN hydrogen bond, namely, r (OH) distance; the proposed correlation could easily be extended to other phosphinic acids as well. For complexes with pyridine and 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine, we have investigated in more detail several factors influencing the δP values: (1) the proton transfer within the OHN hydrogen bond; (2) the rotation of the pyridine ring around the hydrogen bond axis (associated with the formation/breakage of additional weak PO···H-C hydrogen bond); and (3) the rotation of the phenyl substituent in phenylphosphinic acid around the P-C axis. All these factors appeared to be of similar magnitude, thus masking their individual contributions that have to be independently estimated for a reliable spectral interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan S Giba
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Gleb S Denisov
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Peter M Tolstoy
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Abstract
The self-association of phosphonic acids with general formula RP(O)(OH)2 in solution state remains largely unexplored. The general understanding is that such molecules form multiple intermolecular hydrogen bonds, but the stoichiometry of self-associates and the bonding motifs are unclear. In this work, we report the results of the study of self-association of tert-butylphosphonic acid using low temperature liquid-state 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy (100 K; CDF3/CDF2Cl) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. For the first time, we demonstrate conclusively that polar aprotic medium tert-butylphosphonic acid forms highly symmetric cage-like tetramers held by eight OHO hydrogen bonds, which makes the complex quite stable. In these associates. each phosphonic acid molecule is bonded to three other molecules by forming two hydrogen bonds as proton donor and two hydrogen bonds as proton acceptor. Though the structure of such cage-like tetramers is close to tetrahedral, the formal symmetry of the self-associate is C2.
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Abstract
Magnetic shielding depends on molecular structure and noncovalent interactions. This study shows that it is also measurably dependent on the electric field generated by surrounding molecules. This effect has been observed explicitly for 31P nucleus using the adduct under field approach. The results obtained indicate that the field strength experienced by molecules in crystals consisting of molecules with large dipole moments is similar to that in polar solvents. Therefore, magnetic shielding should explicitly depend on solvent polarity. It is important to note that this effect cannot be reproduced correctly within the polarizable continuum model approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya G Shenderovich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitaetstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Phosphine Oxides as Spectroscopic Halogen Bond Descriptors: IR and NMR Correlations with Interatomic Distances and Complexation Energy. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061406. [PMID: 32204523 PMCID: PMC7144381 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An extensive series of 128 halogen-bonded complexes formed by trimethylphosphine oxide and various F-, Cl-, Br-, I- and At-containing molecules, ranging in energy from 0 to 124 kJ/mol, is studied by DFT calculations in vacuum. The results reveal correlations between R–X⋅⋅⋅O=PMe3 halogen bond energy ΔE, X⋅⋅⋅O distance r, halogen’s σ-hole size, QTAIM parameters at halogen bond critical point and changes of spectroscopic parameters of phosphine oxide upon complexation, such as 31P NMR chemical shift, ΔδP, and P=O stretching frequency, Δν. Some of the correlations are halogen-specific, i.e., different for F, Cl, Br, I and At, such as ΔE(r), while others are general, i.e., fulfilled for the whole set of complexes at once, such as ΔE(ΔδP). The proposed correlations could be used to estimate the halogen bond properties in disordered media (liquids, solutions, polymers, glasses) from the corresponding NMR and IR spectra.
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Lomas JS. Relationships between NMR shifts and interaction energies in biphenyls, alkanes, aza-alkanes, and oxa-alkanes with X─H … H─Y and X─H … Z (X, Y = C or N; Z = N or O) hydrogen bonding. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2019; 57:1121-1135. [PMID: 31218728 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen-hydrogen C─H… H─C bonding between the bay-area hydrogens in biphenyls, and more generally in congested alkanes, very strained polycyclic alkanes, and cis-2-butene, has been investigated by calculation of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) shifts and atom-atom interaction energies. Computed NMR shifts for all protons in the biphenyl derivatives correlate very well with experimental data, with zero intercept, unit slope, and a root mean square deviation of 0.06 ppm. For some congested alkanes, there is generally good agreement between computed values for a selected conformer and the experimental data, when it is available. In both cases, the shift of a given proton or pair of protons tends to increase with the corresponding interaction energy. Computed NMR shift differences for methylene protons in polycyclic alkanes, where one is involved in a very short contact ("in") and the other is not ("out"), show a rough correlation with the corresponding C─H… H─C exchange energies. The "in" and "in,in" isomers of selected aza- and diaza-cycloalkanes, respectively, are X─H… H─N hydrogen bonded, whereas the "out" and "in,out" isomers display X─H… N hydrogen bonds (X = C or N). Oxa-alkanes and the "in" isomers of aza-oxa-alkanes are X─H… O hydrogen bonded. There is a very good general correlation, including both N─H… H─Y (Y = C or N) and N─H… Z (Z = N or O) interactions, for NH proton shifts against the exchange energy. For "in" CH protons, the data for the different C─H… H─Y and C─H… Z interactions are much more dispersed and the overall shift/exchange energy correlation is less satisfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Lomas
- Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes (CNRS UMR-7086), Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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