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Yan T, Weng F, Ming Y, Zhu S, Zhu M, Wang C, Guo C, Zhu K. Luminescence Probes in Bio-Applications: From Principle to Practice. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:333. [PMID: 39056609 PMCID: PMC11274413 DOI: 10.3390/bios14070333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Bioanalysis based on optical imaging has gained significant progress in the last few decades. Luminescence probes are capable of detecting, monitoring, and tracing particular biomolecules in complex biological systems to figure out the roles of these molecules in organisms. Considering the rapid development of luminescence probes for bio-applications and their promising future, we have attempted to explore the working principles and recent advances in bio-applications of luminescence probes, in the hope of helping readers gain a detailed understanding of luminescence probes developed in recent years. In this review, we first focus on the current widely used luminescence probes, including fluorescence probes, bioluminescence probes, chemiluminescence probes, afterglow probes, photoacoustic probes, and Cerenkov luminescence probes. The working principles for each type of luminescence probe are concisely described and the bio-application of the luminescence probes is summarized by category, including metal ions detection, secretion detection, imaging, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chunsheng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (T.Y.); (F.W.); (Y.M.); (S.Z.); (M.Z.)
| | - Changfa Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (T.Y.); (F.W.); (Y.M.); (S.Z.); (M.Z.)
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (T.Y.); (F.W.); (Y.M.); (S.Z.); (M.Z.)
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2
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Green D, Bressan G, Heisler IA, Meech SR, Jones GA. Vibrational coherences in half-broadband 2D electronic spectroscopy: Spectral filtering to identify excited state displacements. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:234104. [PMID: 38884412 DOI: 10.1063/5.0214023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Vibrational coherences in ultrafast pump-probe (PP) and 2D electronic spectroscopy (2DES) provide insights into the excited state dynamics of molecules. Femtosecond coherence spectra and 2D beat maps yield information about displacements of excited state surfaces for key vibrational modes. Half-broadband 2DES uses a PP configuration with a white light continuum probe to extend the detection range and resolve vibrational coherences in the excited state absorption (ESA). However, the interpretation of these spectra is difficult as they are strongly dependent on the spectrum of the pump laser and the relative displacement of the excited states along the vibrational coordinates. We demonstrate the impact of these convoluting factors for a model based upon cresyl violet. A careful consideration of the position of the pump spectrum can be a powerful tool in resolving the ESA coherences to gain insights into excited state displacements. This paper also highlights the need for caution in considering the spectral window of the pulse when interpreting these spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale Green
- Physics, Faculty of Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Bressan
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ismael A Heisler
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91509-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Stephen R Meech
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Garth A Jones
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
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Barclay MS, Wright ND, Cavanaugh P, Pensack RD, Martin EW, Turner DB. Ultrabroadband two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy in the pump-probe geometry using conventional optics. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:2065-2068. [PMID: 38621077 DOI: 10.1364/ol.519387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
We report ultrabroadband two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2D ES) measurements obtained in the pump-probe geometry using conventional optics. A phase-stabilized Michelson interferometer provides the pump-pulse delay interval, τ1, necessary to obtain the excitation-frequency dimension. Spectral resolution of the probe beam provides the detection-frequency dimension, ω3. The interferometer incorporates active phase stabilization via a piezo stage and feedback from interference of a continuous-wave reference laser detected in quadrature. To demonstrate the method, we measured a well-characterized laser dye sample and obtained the known peak structure. The vibronic peaks are modulated as a function of the waiting time, τ2, by vibrational wave packets. The interferometer simplifies ultrabroadband 2D ES measurements and analysis.
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Bressan G, Green D, Jones GA, Heisler IA, Meech SR. Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy Resolves Relative Excited-State Displacements. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:2876-2884. [PMID: 38447068 PMCID: PMC10945572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Knowledge of relative displacements between potential energy surfaces (PES) is critical in spectroscopy and photochemistry. Information on displacements is encoded in vibrational coherences. Here we apply ultrafast two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy in a pump-probe half-broadband (HB2DES) geometry to probe the ground- and excited-state potential landscapes of cresyl violet. 2D coherence maps reveal that while the coherence amplitude of the dominant 585 cm-1 Raman-active mode is mainly localized in the ground-state bleach and stimulated emission regions, a 338 cm-1 mode is enhanced in excited-state absorption. Modeling these data with a three-level displaced harmonic oscillator model using the hierarchical equation of motion-phase matching approach (HEOM-PMA) shows that the S1 ← S0 PES displacement is greater along the 585 cm-1 coordinate than the 338 cm-1 coordinate, while Sn ← S1 displacements are similar along both coordinates. HB2DES is thus a powerful tool for exploiting nuclear wavepackets to extract quantitative multidimensional, vibrational coordinate information across multiple PESs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bressan
- School
of Chemistry, Norwich Research Park, University
of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Dale Green
- School
of Chemistry, Norwich Research Park, University
of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Garth A. Jones
- School
of Chemistry, Norwich Research Park, University
of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Ismael A. Heisler
- Instituto
de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande
do Sul, 91509-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Stephen R. Meech
- School
of Chemistry, Norwich Research Park, University
of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United
Kingdom
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Sahu A, Bhat VN, Patra S, Tiwari V. High-sensitivity fluorescence-detected multidimensional electronic spectroscopy through continuous pump-probe delay scan. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:024201. [PMID: 36641398 DOI: 10.1063/5.0130887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence-detected multidimensional electronic spectroscopy (fMES) promises high sensitivity compared to conventional approaches and is an emerging spectroscopic approach toward combining the advantages of MES with the spatial resolution of a microscope. Here, we present a visible white light continuum-based fMES spectrometer and systematically explore the sensitivity enhancement expected from fluorescence detection. As a demonstration of sensitivity, we report room temperature two-dimensional coherence maps of vibrational quantum coherences in a laser dye at optical densities of ∼2-3 orders of magnitude lower than conventional approaches. This high sensitivity is enabled by a combination of biased sampling along the optical coherence time axes and a rapid scan of the pump-probe waiting time T at each sample. A combination of this approach with acousto-optic phase modulation and phase-sensitive lock-in detection enables measurements of room temperature vibrational wavepackets even at the lowest ODs. Alternative faster data collection schemes, which are enabled by the flexibility of choosing a non-uniform undersampled grid in the continuous T scanning approach, are also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitav Sahu
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Vivek N Bhat
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Sanjoy Patra
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Vivek Tiwari
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560012, India
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Barclay M, Huff JS, Pensack RD, Davis PH, Knowlton WB, Yurke B, Dean JC, Arpin PC, Turner DB. Characterizing Mode Anharmonicity and Huang-Rhys Factors Using Models of Femtosecond Coherence Spectra. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:5413-5423. [PMID: 35679146 PMCID: PMC9234982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c04162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond laser pulses readily produce coherent quantum beats in transient-absorption spectra. These oscillatory signals often arise from molecular vibrations and therefore may contain information about the excited-state potential energy surface near the Franck-Condon region. Here, by fitting the measured spectra of two laser dyes to microscopic models of femtosecond coherence spectra (FCS) arising from molecular vibrations, we classify coherent quantum-beat signals as fundamentals or overtones and quantify their Huang-Rhys factors and anharmonicity values. We discuss the extracted Huang-Rhys factors in the context of quantum-chemical computations. This work solidifies the use of FCS for analysis of coherent quantum beats arising from molecular vibrations, which will aid studies of molecular aggregates and photosynthetic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew
S. Barclay
- Micron
School for Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Jonathan S. Huff
- Micron
School for Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Ryan D. Pensack
- Micron
School for Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Paul H. Davis
- Micron
School for Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - William B. Knowlton
- Micron
School for Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
- Department
of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Bernard Yurke
- Micron
School for Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
- Department
of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Jacob C. Dean
- Department
of Physical Science, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, Utah 84720, United States
| | - Paul C. Arpin
- Department
of Physics, California State University,
Chico, Chico, California 95929, United States
| | - Daniel B. Turner
- Micron
School for Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
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7
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Kostjukov VV. Photoexcitation of cresyl violet dye in aqueous solution: TD-DFT study. Theor Chem Acc 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-021-02853-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Insight into Fluorescence Imaging and Bioorthogonal Reactions in Biological Analysis. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2021; 379:10. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-00323-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Pinto‐Pacheco B, Carbery WP, Khan S, Turner DB, Buccella D. Fluorescence Quenching Effects of Tetrazines and Their Diels–Alder Products: Mechanistic Insight Toward Fluorogenic Efficiency. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brismar Pinto‐Pacheco
- Department of Chemistry New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - William P. Carbery
- Department of Chemistry New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Sameer Khan
- Department of Chemistry New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Daniel B. Turner
- Department of Chemistry New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
- Current address: Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering Boise State University Boise ID 83725 USA
| | - Daniela Buccella
- Department of Chemistry New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
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Pinto-Pacheco B, Carbery WP, Khan S, Turner DB, Buccella D. Fluorescence Quenching Effects of Tetrazines and Their Diels-Alder Products: Mechanistic Insight Toward Fluorogenic Efficiency. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:22140-22149. [PMID: 33245600 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reactions between s-tetrazines and strained dienophiles have numerous applications in fluorescent labeling of biomolecules. Herein, we investigate the effect of the dienophile on the fluorescence enhancement obtained upon reaction with a tetrazine-quenched fluorophore and study the possible mechanisms of fluorescence quenching by both the tetrazine and its reaction products. The dihydropyridazine obtained from reaction with a strained cyclooctene shows a residual fluorescence quenching effect, greater than that exerted by the pyridazine arising from reaction with the analogous alkyne. Linear and ultrabroadband two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy experiments reveal that resonance energy transfer is the mechanism responsible for the fluorescence quenching effect of tetrazines, whereas a mechanism involving more intimate electronic coupling, likely photoinduced electron transfer, is responsible for the quenching effect of the dihydropyridazine. These studies uncover parameters that can be tuned to maximize fluorogenic efficiency in bioconjugation reactions and reveal that strained alkynes are better reaction partners for achieving maximum contrast ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brismar Pinto-Pacheco
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - William P Carbery
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Sameer Khan
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Daniel B Turner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003, USA.,Current address: Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Daniela Buccella
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003, USA
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Lu J, Lee Y, Anna JM. Extracting the Frequency-Dependent Dynamic Stokes Shift from Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectra with Prominent Vibrational Coherences. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:8857-8867. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c05522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Lu
- University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Yumin Lee
- University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jessica M. Anna
- University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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12
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Fitzpatrick C, Odhner JH, Levis RJ. Spectral Signatures of Ground- and Excited-State Wavepacket Interference after Impulsive Excitation. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:6856-6866. [PMID: 32786657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c03912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Impulsive transient absorption spectroscopy is used to track the formation and evolution of vibrational coherences in cresyl violet perchlorate under different excitation conditions. Resonant and off-resonant pump pulses result in the selective formation of excited (S1)- and ground (S0)-state wavepackets. Partially resonant and broadband excitation conditions lead to the simultaneous formation of wavepackets in the ground and excited states. The wavepackets are characterized by the phase-flips in the coherent signal associated with wavepacket motion across the absorption and emission maxima and by a red shift of 2-10 cm-1 in the Raman features of the excited state compared to the ground-state wavepacket. We observe that, when wavepackets are simultaneously excited on the ground- and excited-state surfaces, interference on a picosecond timescale between coherent oscillations in the two wavepackets gives rise to features that cannot be attributed to the passage of a wavepacket through a conical intersection, such as shifting phase-flips and zero-amplitude nodes. Wavepacket filtering using windowed Fourier transforms highlights these interference effects and demonstrates that special care must be taken in order to properly interpret data that have been processed in this manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Fitzpatrick
- Center for Advanced Photonics Research, Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Johanan H Odhner
- Center for Advanced Photonics Research, Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Robert J Levis
- Center for Advanced Photonics Research, Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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Interference among Multiple Vibronic Modes in Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy. MATHEMATICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/math8020157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vibronic coupling between electronic and vibrational states in molecules plays a critical role in most photo-induced phenomena. Many key details about a molecule’s vibronic coupling are hidden in linear spectroscopic measurements, and therefore nonlinear optical spectroscopy methods such as two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2D ES) have become more broadly adopted. A single vibrational mode of a molecule leads to a Franck–Condon progression of peaks in a 2D spectrum. Each peak oscillates as a function of the waiting time, and Fourier transformation can produce a spectral slice known as a ‘beating map’ at the oscillation frequency. The single vibrational mode produces a characteristic peak structure in the beating map. Studies of single modes have limited utility, however, because most molecules have numerous vibrational modes that couple to the electronic transition. Interactions or interference among the modes may lead to complicated peak patterns in each beating map. Here, we use lineshape-function theory to simulate 2D ES arising from a system having multiple vibrational modes. The simulations reveal that the peaks in each beating map are affected by all of the vibrational modes and therefore do not isolate a single mode, which was anticipated.
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