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Khera M, Goel N. Cooperative Effect of Noncovalent Interactions on Tetrel Bonding in Halogenated Silanes. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202100776. [PMID: 35014137 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Tetrel bond, a weak noncovalent interaction between the σ -hole of a Group IV element (Silicon in our case) and the cloud of an electronegative element (Oxygen in our case) is the focus of current work. The percentage strengthening of tetrel bond has been investigated by optimising 16 binary complexes of halogenated silane and water of general formula SiX n H 4 - n - H 2 O and 16 ternary complexes, of general formula NaX - SiX n H 4 - n -H 2 O, where X =F, Cl, Br and I and n = 1, 2, 3 and 4 at various levels of theory defined within the formalism of density functional theory (DFT). With the addition of NaX, tetrel bond between Si and O in SiX n H 4 - n - H 2 O gets strengthened up to 49%, owing to cooperativity effect exerted by hydrogen bonding between X and H in the ternary complex NaX - SiX n H 4 - n - H 2 O. In the series of complexes studied here, overall stabilization due to cooperativity lies between 10 kJ/mol to 170 kJ/mol. This large extent of reinforcement due to cooperativity has never been showcased before. The exceptional stabilization and reinforcement owe its genesis to the transformation of the ternary complex into a cluster orchestrated by the H-bonding in most of the cases and covalent bonding in few of the cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Khera
- Punjab University: Panjab University, Chemistry, INDIA
| | - Neetu Goel
- Panjab University, Department of Chemistry, Sector 14, 160014, chandigarh, INDIA
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2
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Liu N, Wu Q, Li Q, Scheiner S. Promotion of TH 3 (T = Si and Ge) group transfer within a tetrel bond by a cation-π interaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:1113-1119. [PMID: 34927648 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05323j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The possibility of the transfer of the TH3 group across a tetrel bond is considered by ab initio calculations. The TB is constructed by pairing PhTH3 (Ph = phenyl; T = Si and Ge) with bases NH3, NHCH2, and the C3N2H4 carbene. The TH3 moves toward the base but only by a small amount in these dimers. However, when a Be2+ or Mg2+ dication is placed above the phenyl ring, the tetrel bond strength is greatly magnified reaching up to nearly 100 kcal mol-1. This dication also induces a much higher degree of transfer which can be best categorized as half-transfer for the two N-bases and a near complete transfer for the carbene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiaozhuo Wu
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingzhong Li
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA.
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3
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Liu N, Xie X, Li Q, Scheiner S. Enhancement of the Tetrel Bond by the Effects of Substituents, Cooperativity, and Electric Field: Transition from Noncovalent to Covalent Bond. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:2305-2312. [PMID: 34436816 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The T⋅⋅⋅N tetrel bond (TB) formed between TX3 OH (T=C, Si, Ge; X=H, F) and the Lewis base N≡CM (M=H, Li, Na) is studied by ab initio calculations at the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ level. Complexes involving TH3 OH contain a conventional TB with interaction energy less than 10 kcal/mol. This bond is substantially strengthened, approaching 35 kcal/mol and covalent character, when fluorosubstituted TF3 OH is combined with NCLi or NCNa. Along with this enhanced binding comes a near equalization of the TB T⋅⋅⋅N and the internal T-O bond lengths, and the associated structure acquires a trigonal bipyramidal shape, despite a high internal deformation energy. This structural transformation becomes more complete, and the TB is further strengthened upon adding an electron acceptor BeCl2 to the Lewis acid and a base to the NCM unit. This same TB strengthening can be accomplished also by imposition of an external electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Xiaoying Xie
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Qingzhong Li
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA
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4
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Yang Q, Zhang X, Li Q. Comparison for Electron Donor Capability of Carbon-Bound Halogens in Tetrel Bonds. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:29037-29044. [PMID: 34746592 PMCID: PMC8567400 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The tetrel bond formed by HC≡CX, H2C=CHX, and H3CCH2X (X=F, Cl, Br, I) as an electron donor and TH3F (T=C, Si, Ge) was explored by ab initio calculations. The tetrel bond formed by H3CCH2X is the strongest, as high as -3.45 kcal/mol for the H3CCH2F···GeH3F dimer, followed by H2C=CHX, and the weakest bond is from HC≡CX, where the tetrel bond can be as small as -0.8 kcal/mol. The strength of the tetrel bond increases in the order of C < Si < Ge. For the H3CCH2X and HC≡CX complexes, the tetrel bond strength shows a similar increasing tendency with the decrease of the electronegativity of the halogen atom. Electrostatic interaction plays the largest role in the stronger tetrel bonds, while dispersion interaction makes an important contribution to the H2C=CHX complexes.
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Dankert F, Hänisch C. Siloxane Coordination Revisited: Si−O Bond Character, Reactivity and Magnificent Molecular Shapes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Dankert
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. (LIKAT Rostock) Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Carsten Hänisch
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
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6
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Liu N, Liu J, Li Q, Scheiner S. Noncovalent bond between tetrel π-hole and hydride. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:10536-10544. [PMID: 33899891 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01245b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The π-hole above the plane of the X2T'Y molecule (T' = Si, Ge, Sn; X = F, Cl, H; Y = O, S) was allowed to interact with the TH hydride of TH(CH3)3 (T = Si, Ge, Sn). The resulting THT' tetrel bond is quite strong, with interaction energies exceeding 30 kcal mol-1. F2T'O engages in the strongest such bonds, as compared to F2T'S, Cl2T'O, or Cl2T'S. The bond weakens as T' grows larger as in Si > Ge > Sn, despite the opposite trend in the depth of the π-hole. The reverse pattern of stronger tetrel bond with larger T is observed for the Lewis base TH(CH3)3, even though the minimum in the electrostatic potential around the H is nearly independent of T. The THT' arrangement is nonlinear which can be understood on the basis of the positions of the extrema in the molecular electrostatic potentials of the monomers. The tetrel bond is weakened when H2O forms an OT' tetrel bond with the second π-hole of F2T'O, and strengthened if H2O participates in an OHO H-bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiaxing Liu
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingzhong Li
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA.
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7
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Vos E, Corral I, Montero-Campillo MM, Mó O, Elguero J, Alkorta I, Yáñez M. Spontaneous bond dissociation cascades induced by Be n clusters (n = 2,4). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:6448-6454. [PMID: 33720220 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06009g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High-level single and multireference ab initio calculations show that the Be4 cluster behaves as a very efficient Lewis acid when interacting with conventional Lewis bases such as ammonia, water or hydrogen fluoride, to the point that the corresponding acid-base interaction triggers a sequential dissociation of all the bonds of the Lewis base. Notably, this behavior is already found for the simplest beryllium cluster, the Be2 dimer. However, whereas for Be2 the first dissociation process involves a low activation barrier which is above the reactants, for Be4 all the bond dissociation processes involve barriers below the entrance channel leading to a cascade of successive exothermic processes, which end up spontaneously in a global minimum in which the bonding patterns of both the base and the Lewis acid are completely destroyed. Indeed, the global minimum, in all cases, is stabilized by three-center Be-H-Be bonds and covalent interactions between the Be atoms and the basic center of the base, which replace the initial metallic bond stabilizing the Be4 cluster. As a consequence, in the global minimum the basic atoms (N, O and F) behave as hyper-coordinated centers. Also importantly, the Be4 cluster and its complexes present RHF-UHF instabilities (not reported before for Be4), which require the use of multireference methods to correctly describe them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Vos
- Departamento de Química (Módulo 13, Facultad de Ciencias) and Institute of Advanced Chemical Sciences (IadChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain.
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Li Y, Wang X, Wang H, Ni Y, Wang H. Influence of halogen atom substitution and neutral HCN/anion CN - Lewis base on the triel-bonding interactions. J Mol Model 2021; 27:93. [PMID: 33624196 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04713-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Triel-bonding interactions composed of Lewis acid TrOHH2/TrOH2X/TrOHX2 (Tr = B, Al, Ga; X = F, Cl, Br) molecule and Lewis base neutral HCN or anionic CN- molecule are of research significance in bond properties, which has been investigated at MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ theory level. It is also feasible to study the halogen atom substituent effect and influence of different Lewis bases on the formation of triel bond. AIM analyses reveal that Tr (Tr = B, Al, Ga)···N bond critical point (BCP) exists in all studied triel bond. In the formation of triel bonding, compared with Lewis base HCN molecule, Lewis base anionic CN- can participate in a stronger triel bond. Specifically, the structural change, deformation energy, and charge transfer of CN- complexes are all larger than that of HCN complexes. In addition, halogen atom substitution effect is also discussed. MEP value and binding energy of HCN and CN- complexes all increase after replacing one or two hydrogen atoms by halogen atoms (F, Cl, Br) in Lewis acid. Especially, replacing two hydrogen atoms by halogen atoms in Lewis acid has more remarkable enhancement in MEP value and binding energy than that of replacing only one hydrogen atom. After replacement, binding energy can be increased by 21.77 kcal/mol. The neutral and anionic triel-bonded complexes composed by Lewis acid TrOHH2/TrOH2X/TrOHX2 (Tr = B, Al, Ga; X = F, Cl, Br) with Lewis base HCN and CN- are systematically investigated at MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ level. The neutral (HCN) triel bonding is weaker than the anionic (CN-) triel bonding due to the smaller MEP value of the neutral HCN molecule. The replacement of hydrogens (-H) in Lewis acid by electron-withdrawing groups (-F, -Cl, -Br) has a prominent enhancement effect on the MEP value of π-hole and triel-bonding strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchun Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuxiang Ni
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, People's Republic of China
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9
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Vos E, Corral I, Montero-Campillo MM, Mó O. Significant bonding rearrangements triggered by Mg 4 clusters. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:044302. [PMID: 33514089 DOI: 10.1063/5.0038047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure, stability, and bonding of the complexes formed by the interaction of Mg4 clusters and first row Lewis bases, namely, ammonia, water, and hydrogen fluoride, have been investigated through the use of high-level G4 single-reference and CASPT2 multireference formalisms. The adducts formed reflect the high electrophilicity of the Mg4 cluster through electron density holes in the neighborhood of each metallic center. After the adduct formation, the metallic bonding of the Mg4 moiety is not significantly altered so that the hydrogen shifts from the Lewis base toward the Mg atoms lead to new local minima with enhanced stability. For the particular case of ammonia and water, the global minima obtained when all the hydrogens of the Lewis base are shifted to the Mg4 moiety have in common a very stable scaffold with a N or an O center covalently tetracoordinated to the four Mg atoms, so the initial bonding arrangements of both reactants have completely disappeared. The reactivity features exhibited by these Mg4 clusters suggest that nanostructures of this metal might have an interesting catalytic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Vos
- Departamento de Química (Módulo 13, Facultad de Ciencias) and Institute of Advanced Chemical Sciences (IadChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Corral
- Departamento de Química (Módulo 13, Facultad de Ciencias) and Institute of Advanced Chemical Sciences (IadChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Merced Montero-Campillo
- Departamento de Química (Módulo 13, Facultad de Ciencias) and Institute of Advanced Chemical Sciences (IadChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Otilia Mó
- Departamento de Química (Módulo 13, Facultad de Ciencias) and Institute of Advanced Chemical Sciences (IadChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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10
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Ayhan MM, Özcan E, Dedeoglu B, Chumakov Y, Zorlu Y, Coşut B. Carbon (sp 3) tetrel bonding mediated BODIPY supramolecular assembly via unprecedented synergy of C sp3⋯N and C sp3⋯F pair interactions. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01640c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Here, we present the first example of sp3 hybridized carbon centered (Csp3) tetrel bonding mediated 3D BODIPY assembly via the exceptional synergy of Csp3⋯N and Csp3⋯F pair interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emrah Özcan
- Department of Chemistry
- Gebze Technical University
- Gebze
- Turkey
- Institute of Physics
| | - Burcu Dedeoglu
- Department of Chemistry
- Gebze Technical University
- Gebze
- Turkey
| | - Yurii Chumakov
- Department of Physics
- Gebze Technical University
- Gebze
- Turkey
- Institute of Applied Physics
| | - Yunus Zorlu
- Department of Chemistry
- Gebze Technical University
- Gebze
- Turkey
| | - Bünyemin Coşut
- Department of Chemistry
- Gebze Technical University
- Gebze
- Turkey
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11
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Zhao Q. Mutual influence of tetrel and halogen bonds between XCN (X=Cl, Br) and 4-TF3-pyridine (T=C, Si, Ge). J Mol Model 2020; 26:329. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04596-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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12
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Abstract
The fundamental underpinnings of noncovalent bonds are presented, focusing on the σ-hole interactions that are closely related to the H-bond. Different means of assessing their strength and the factors that control it are discussed. The establishment of a noncovalent bond is monitored as the two subunits are brought together, allowing the electrostatic, charge redistribution, and other effects to slowly take hold. Methods are discussed that permit prediction as to which site an approaching nucleophile will be drawn, and the maximum number of bonds around a central atom in its normal or hypervalent states is assessed. The manner in which a pair of anions can be held together despite an overall Coulombic repulsion is explained. The possibility that first-row atoms can participate in such bonds is discussed, along with the introduction of a tetrel analog of the dihydrogen bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, USA
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McDowell SAC, Wang R, Li Q. Interactions in Model Ionic Dyads and Triads Containing Tetrel Atoms. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184197. [PMID: 32937741 PMCID: PMC7570900 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions in model ionic YTX3···Z (Y = NC, F, Cl, Br; X = F, Cl, Br, Z = F-, Cl-, Br-, Li+) dyads containing the tetrel atoms, T = C, Si, Ge, were studied using ab initio computational methods, including an energy decomposition analysis, which found that the YTX3 molecules were stabilized by both anions (via tetrel bonding) and cations (via polarization). For the tetrel-bonded dyads, both the electrostatic and polarization forces make comparable contributions to the binding in the C-containing dyads, whereas, electrostatic forces are by far the largest contributor to the binding in the Si- and Ge-containing analogues. Model metastable Li+···NCTCl3···F- (T = C, Si, Ge) triads were found to be lower in energy than the combined energy of the Li+ + NCTCl3 + F- fragments. The pair energies and cooperative energies for these highly polar triads were also computed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A. C. McDowell
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Cave Hill Campus, The University of the West Indies, P.O. Box 64, Bridgetown BB11000, Barbados
- Correspondence: (S.A.C.M.); (Q.L.)
| | - Ruijing Wang
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China;
| | - Qingzhong Li
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China;
- Correspondence: (S.A.C.M.); (Q.L.)
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Yang Q, Yao X, Yang X. Influence of N-Base and O-Base Hybridization on Triel Bonds. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:21300-21308. [PMID: 32875266 PMCID: PMC7450710 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The complexes of TrR3 (Tr = B and Al; R = H, F, Cl, and Br) with three N-bases (NH3, CH2NH, and HCN) and three O-bases (CH3OH, H2CO, and CO) are utilized to explore the hybridization effect of N and O atoms on the strength, properties, and nature of the triel bond. The sp-hybridized O and N atoms form the weakest triel bond, followed by the sp2-hybridized O atom or the sp3-hybridized N atom, and the sp3-hybridized O atom or the sp2-hybridized N atom engages in the strongest triel bond. The hybridization effect is also related to the substituent of TrR3. Most complexes are dominated by electrostatic, with increasing polarization contribution from sp to sp2 to sp3. Although the CO oxygen engages in a weaker triel bond, its carbon atom is a better electron donor and the interaction energy even amounts to -37 kcal/mol in the BH3 complex.
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15
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An X, Han J. Influence of alkali substituents on the strength, properties, and nature of tetrel bond between TH 3F and pyridine. J Mol Model 2020; 26:224. [PMID: 32778949 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04499-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Ab initio calculations have been performed for the complexes of TH3F (T=C, Si, and Ge) with pyridine and its alkali derivatives to study the influence of an alkali substituent on the strength, properties, and nature of tetrel bond. The introduction of an alkali atom into the electron donor has a prominent enhancing effect on the strength of tetrel bond, which depends on the T atom as well as the alkali atom and its substitution position. The enhancing effect becomes larger in the C < Ge < Si, Li < Na < K, and para- < meta- < ortho- patterns. The interaction energy varies in a wide range from 2 to 40 kcal/mol. Both electrostatic and polarization including charge transfer are responsible for the enhancing effect of an alkali atom. The formation of a tetrel bond results in an elongation of F-T bond and a red shift of F-T stretch vibration, which is big enough to be detected with infrared spectroscopy. Electrostatic interaction is dominant in all complexes, while polarization is smaller or larger than dispersion in the complexes of CH3F or TH3F(T=Si and Ge).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulin An
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianqu Han
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
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16
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Alkorta I, Elguero J, Del Bene JE, Mó O, Montero-Campillo MM, Yáñez M. Mutual Influence of Pnicogen Bonds and Beryllium Bonds: Energies and Structures in the Spotlight. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:5871-5878. [PMID: 32538087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c03689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Pnicogen bonds, which are weak noncovalent interactions (NCIs), can be significantly modified by the presence of beryllium bonds, one of the strongest NCIs known. We demonstrate the importance of this influence by studying ternary complexes in which both NCIs are present, that is, the ternary complexes formed by a nitrogen base (NH3, NHCH2, and NCH), a phosphine (fluorophosphane, PH2F) and a beryllium derivative (BeH2, BeF2, BeCl2, BeCO3, and BeSO4). Energies, structures, and nature of the chemical bonding in these complexes are studied by means of ab initio computational methods. The pnicogen bond between the nitrogen base and the phosphine and the beryllium bond between the fluorine atom of fluorophosphane and the beryllium derivative show large cooperativity effects both on energies and geometries, with dissociation energies up to 296 kJ mol-1 and cooperativity up to 104 kJ mol-1 in the most strongly bound complex, CH2HN:PH2F:BeSO4. In the complexes between the strongest nitrogen bases and the strongest beryllium donors, phosphorus-shared and phosphorus-transfer bonds are found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Janet E Del Bene
- Department of Chemistry, Youngstown State University, Youngstown, Ohio 44555, USA
| | - Otilia Mó
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Módulo 13, and Institute of Advanced Chemical Sciences (IadChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Merced Montero-Campillo
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Módulo 13, and Institute of Advanced Chemical Sciences (IadChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Yáñez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Módulo 13, and Institute of Advanced Chemical Sciences (IadChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
In this review, we provide a consistent description of noncovalent interactions, covering most groups of the Periodic Table. Different types of bonds are discussed using their trivial names. Moreover, the new name “Spodium bonds” is proposed for group 12 since noncovalent interactions involving this group of elements as electron acceptors have not yet been named. Excluding hydrogen bonds, the following noncovalent interactions will be discussed: alkali, alkaline earth, regium, spodium, triel, tetrel, pnictogen, chalcogen, halogen, and aerogen, which almost covers the Periodic Table entirely. Other interactions, such as orthogonal interactions and π-π stacking, will also be considered. Research and applications of σ-hole and π-hole interactions involving the p-block element is growing exponentially. The important applications include supramolecular chemistry, crystal engineering, catalysis, enzymatic chemistry molecular machines, membrane ion transport, etc. Despite the fact that this review is not intended to be comprehensive, a number of representative works for each type of interaction is provided. The possibility of modeling the dissociation energies of the complexes using different models (HSAB, ECW, Alkorta-Legon) was analyzed. Finally, the extension of Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rules to noncovalent is proposed.
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18
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McDowell SA. A computational study of XCCl3 (X = NC, F, Cl, Br) interacting with model ions. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Hou M, Zhu Y, Li Q, Scheiner S. Tuning the Competition between Hydrogen and Tetrel Bonds by a Magnesium Bond. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:212-219. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201901076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingchang Hou
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYantai University Yantai 264005 China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYantai University Yantai 264005 China
| | - Qingzhong Li
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYantai University Yantai 264005 China
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUtah State University Logan UT 84322-0300 USA
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20
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Wang R, Liu H, Li Q, Scheiner S. Xe⋯chalcogen aerogen bond. Effect of substituents and size of chalcogen atom. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:4115-4121. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06648a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the effect of substituent and size of chalcogen atom on the aerogen bond between F2XeO and R1YR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijing Wang
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yantai University
- Yantai 264005
- People's Republic of China
| | - Haojie Liu
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yantai University
- Yantai 264005
- People's Republic of China
| | - Qingzhong Li
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yantai University
- Yantai 264005
- People's Republic of China
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Utah State University
- Logan
- USA
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21
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Trujillo C, Rozas I, Elguero J, Alkorta I, Sánchez-Sanz G. Modulating intramolecular chalcogen bonds in aromatic (thio)(seleno)phene-based derivatives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:23645-23650. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03694f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Intramolecular chalcogen interactions have been studied for four different derivatives of compounds within two different families, S or Se, to evaluate the effect of these IMChBs in the stability of the interacting and non-interacting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Trujillo
- School of Chemistry
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- Trinity College Dublin 152-160 Pearse Street
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Isabel Rozas
- School of Chemistry
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- Trinity College Dublin 152-160 Pearse Street
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica
- CSIC
- Juan de la Cierva
- 3
- E-28006 Madrid
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica
- CSIC
- Juan de la Cierva
- 3
- E-28006 Madrid
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