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Marwitz A, Dutta AK, Conner RL, Sanz LA, Jacobsohn LG, Knope KE. Unlocking Arene Phosphorescence in Bismuth-Organic Materials. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:11053-11062. [PMID: 38823026 PMCID: PMC11186004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Three novel bismuth-organic compounds, with the general formula [Bi2(HPDC)2(PDC)2]·(arene)·2H2O (H2PDC = 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid; arene = pyrene, naphthalene, and azulene), that consist of neutral dinuclear Bi-pyridinedicarboxylate complexes and outer coordination sphere arene molecules were synthesized and structurally characterized. The structures of all three phases exhibit strong π-π stacking interactions between the Bi-bound PDC/HPDC and outer sphere organic molecules; these interactions effectively sandwich the arene molecules between bismuth complexes and thereby prevent molecular vibrations. Upon UV irradiation, the compounds containing pyrene and naphthalene displayed red and green emission, respectively, with quantum yields of 1.3(2) and 30.8(4)%. The emission was found to originate from the T1 → S0 transition of the corresponding arene and result in phosphorescence characteristic of the arene employed. By comparison, the azulene-containing compound displayed very weak blue-purple phosphorescence of unknown origin and is a rare example of T2 → S0 emission from azulene. The pyrene- and naphthalene-containing compounds both display radioluminescence, with intensities of 11 and 38% relative to bismuth germanate, respectively. Collectively, these results provide further insights into the structure-property relationships that underpin luminescence from Bi-based materials and highlight the utility of Bi-organic molecules in the realization of organic emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander
C. Marwitz
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, District of
Columbia 20057, United States of America
| | - Anuj K. Dutta
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, District of
Columbia 20057, United States of America
| | - Robin L. Conner
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson
University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States of America
| | - Lulio A. Sanz
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, District of
Columbia 20057, United States of America
| | - Luiz G. Jacobsohn
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson
University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States of America
| | - Karah E. Knope
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, District of
Columbia 20057, United States of America
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2
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De A, Mora Perez C, Liang A, Wang K, Dou L, Prezhdo O, Huang L. Tunneling-Driven Marcus-Inverted Triplet Energy Transfer in a Two-Dimensional Perovskite. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4260-4269. [PMID: 38305175 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Quantum tunneling, a phenomenon that allows particles to pass through potential barriers, can play a critical role in energy transfer processes. Here, we demonstrate that the proper design of organic-inorganic interfaces in two-dimensional (2D) hybrid perovskites allows for efficient triplet energy transfer (TET), where quantum tunneling of the excitons is the key driving force. By employing temperature-dependent and time-resolved photoluminescence and pump-probe spectroscopy techniques, we establish that triplet excitons can transfer from the inorganic lead-iodide sublattices to the pyrene ligands with rapid and weakly temperature-dependent characteristic times of approximately 50 ps. The energy transfer rates obtained based on the Marcus theory and first-principles calculations show good agreement with the experiments, indicating that the efficient tunneling of triplet excitons within the Marcus-inverted regime is facilitated by high-frequency molecular vibrations. These findings offer valuable insights into how one can effectively manipulate the energy landscape in 2D hybrid perovskites for energy transfer and the creation of diverse excitonic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angana De
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Carlos Mora Perez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Aihui Liang
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Kang Wang
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Letian Dou
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Oleg Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Libai Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Ramamurthy V, Sen P, Elles CG. Ultrafast Excited State Dynamics of Spatially Confined Organic Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:4681-4699. [PMID: 35786917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c03276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This Feature Article highlights the role of spatial confinement in controlling the fundamental behavior of molecules. Select examples illustrate the value of using space as a tool to control and understand excited-state dynamics through a combination of ultrafast spectroscopy and conventional steady-state methods. Molecules of interest were confined within a closed molecular capsule, derived from a cavitand known as octa acid (OA), whose internal void space is sufficient to accommodate molecules as long as tetracene and as wide as pyrene. The free space, i.e., the space that is left following the occupation of the guest within the host, is shown to play a significant role in altering the behavior of guest molecules in the excited state. The results reported here suggest that in addition to weak interactions that are commonly emphasized in supramolecular chemistry, the extent of empty space (i.e., the remaining void space within the capsule) is important in controlling the excited-state behavior of confined molecules on ultrafast time scales. For example, the role of free space in controlling the excited-state dynamics of guest molecules is highlighted by probing the cis-trans isomerization of stilbenes and azobenzenes within the OA capsule. Isomerization of both types of molecule are slowed when they are confined within a small space, with encapsulated azobenzenes taking a different reaction pathway compared to that in solution upon excitation to S2. In addition to steric constraints, confinement of reactive molecules in a small space helps to override the need for diffusion to bring the reactants together, thus enabling the measurement of processes that occur faster than the time scale for diffusion. The advantages of reducing free space and confining reactive molecules are illustrated by recording unprecedented excimer emission from anthracene and by measuring ultrafast electron transfer rates across the organic molecular wall. By monitoring the translational motion of anthracene pairs in a restricted space, it has been possible to document the pathway undertaken by excited anthracene from inception to the formation of the excimer on the excited-state surface. Similarly, ultrafast electron transfer experiments pursued here have established that the process is not hindered by a molecular wall. Apparently, the electron can cross the OA capsule wall provided the donor and acceptor are in close proximity. Measurements on the ultrafast time scale provide crucial insights for each of the examples presented here, emphasizing the value of both "space" and "time" in controlling and understanding the dynamics of excited molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pratik Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP 208 016, India
| | - Christopher G Elles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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Wang JW, Huang HH, Wang P, Yang G, Kupfer S, Huang Y, Li Z, Ke Z, Ouyang G. Co-facial π-π Interaction Expedites Sensitizer-to-Catalyst Electron Transfer for High-Performance CO 2 Photoreduction. JACS AU 2022; 2:1359-1374. [PMID: 35783182 PMCID: PMC9241016 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The sunlight-driven reduction of CO2 into carbonaceous fuels can lower the atmospheric CO2 concentration and provide renewable energy simultaneously, attracting scientists to design photocatalytic systems for facilitating this process. Significant progress has been made in designing high-performance photosensitizers and catalysts in this regard, and further improvement can be realized by installing additional interactions between the abovementioned two components, however, the design strategies and mechanistic investigations on such interactions remain challenging. Here, we present the construction of molecular models for intermolecular π-π interactions between the photosensitizer and the catalyst, via the introduction of pyrene groups into both molecular components. The presence, types, and strengths of diverse π-π interactions, as well as their roles in the photocatalytic mechanism, have been examined by 1H NMR titration, fluorescence quenching measurements, transient absorption spectroscopy, and quantum chemical simulations. We have also explored the rare dual emission behavior of the pyrene-appended iridium photosensitizer, of which the excited state can deliver the photo-excited electron to the pyrene-decorated cobalt catalyst at a fast rate of 2.60 × 106 s-1 via co-facial π-π interaction, enabling a remarkable apparent quantum efficiency of 14.3 ± 0.8% at 425 nm and a high selectivity of 98% for the photocatalytic CO2-to-CO conversion. This research demonstrates non-covalent interaction construction as an effective strategy to achieve rapid CO2 photoreduction besides a conventional photosensitizer/catalyst design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Wang
- KLGHEI
of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hai-Hua Huang
- School
of Materials Science & Engineering, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Institute
of New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technology, School of Material
Science and Engineering, Tianjin University
of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Guangjun Yang
- Friedrich
Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical
Chemistry, Helmholtzweg
4, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Friedrich
Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical
Chemistry, Helmholtzweg
4, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Yanjun Huang
- KLGHEI
of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zizi Li
- KLGHEI
of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhuofeng Ke
- School
of Materials Science & Engineering, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- KLGHEI
of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Friedrich
Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical
Chemistry, Helmholtzweg
4, Jena 07743, Germany
- Instrumental
Analysis and Research Center, Sun Yat-sen
University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Chemistry
College, Center of Advanced Analysis and Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Guangdong Institute of Analysis (China National Analytical
Center Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510070, China
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Nazarov VB, Avakyan VG, Alfimov MV. Long-Lived Room-Temperature Phosphorescence of Arene–Beta-Cyclodextrin–Hydrocarbon Complexes in the Presence of Oxygen. HIGH ENERGY CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0018143921020090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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