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Singh SK, Vuppuluri V, Sun BJ, Chang BY, Eckhardt AK, Son SF, Chang AHH, Kaiser RI. Identification of Elusive Keto and Enol Intermediates in the Photolysis of 1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-Triazinane. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:6062-6069. [PMID: 34169725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Enols have emerged as critical reactive intermediates in combustion processes and in fundamental molecular mass growth processes in the interstellar medium, but the elementary reaction pathways to enols in extreme environments, such as during the decomposition of molecular energetic materials, are still elusive. Here, we report on the original identification of the enol and keto isomers of oxy-s-triazine, as well as its deoxygenated derivative 1,3,5-triazine, formed in the photodecomposition processes of 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX)-a molecular energetic material. The identification was facilitated by exploiting isomer-selective tunable photoionization reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PI-ReTOF-MS) in conjunction with quantum chemical calculations. The present study reports the first experimental evidence of an enol intermediate in the dissociation domain of a nitramine-based energetic material. Our investigations suggest that the enols like 1,3,5-triazine-2-ol could be the source of hydroxyl radicals, and their inclusion in the theoretical models is important to understand the unprecedented chemistry of explosive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
- W. M. Keck Research Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Vasant Vuppuluri
- Mechanical Engineering, Purdue Energetics Research Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Bing-Jian Sun
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Yu Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - André K Eckhardt
- Department of Chemistry, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Steven F Son
- Mechanical Engineering, Purdue Energetics Research Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Agnes H H Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Ralf I Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
- W. M. Keck Research Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
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Singh SK, Bergantini A, Zhu C, Ferrari M, De Sanctis MC, De Angelis S, Kaiser RI. Origin of ammoniated phyllosilicates on dwarf planet Ceres and asteroids. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2690. [PMID: 33976207 PMCID: PMC8113531 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The surface mineralogy of dwarf planet Ceres is rich in ammonium (NH4+) bearing phyllosilicates. However, the origin and formation mechanisms of ammoniated phyllosilicates on Ceres’s surface are still elusive. Here we report on laboratory simulation experiments under astrophysical conditions mimicking Ceres’ physical and chemical environments with the goal to better understand the source of ammoniated minerals on Ceres’ surface. We observe that thermally driven proton exchange reactions between phyllosilicates and ammonia (NH3) could trigger at low temperature leading to the genesis of ammoniated-minerals. Our study revealed the thermal (300 K) and radiation stability of ammoniated-phyllosilicates over a timescale of at least some 500 million years. The present experimental investigations corroborate the possibility that Ceres formed at a location where ammonia ices on the surface would have been stable. However, the possibility of Ceres’ origin near to its current location by accreting ammonia-rich material cannot be excluded. The authors here propose a chemical reaction that forms ammoniated phyllosilicates on Ceres. This process could trigger at a very low temperature, suggesting Ceres evolution in a region different from its current location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA.,W. M. Keck Research Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Alexandre Bergantini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA.,W. M. Keck Research Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Federal Center for Technological Education Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA.,W. M. Keck Research Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Marco Ferrari
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, INAF, Roma, Italy
| | | | | | - Ralf I Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA. .,W. M. Keck Research Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA.
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A vacuum ultraviolet photoionization study on the isomerization, decomposition, and molecular mass growth processes in solid nitromethane (CH3NO2). Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Singh SK, Vuppuluri V, Son SF, Kaiser RI. Investigating the Photochemical Decomposition of Solid 1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX). J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:6801-6823. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c05726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K. Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
- W. M. Keck Research Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Vasant Vuppuluri
- Mechanical Engineering, Purdue Energetics Research Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Steven F. Son
- Mechanical Engineering, Purdue Energetics Research Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ralf I. Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
- W. M. Keck Research Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
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Singh SK, La Jeunesse J, Vuppuluri V, Son SF, Sun B, Chen Y, Chang AHH, Mebel AM, Kaiser RI. The Elusive Ketene (H
2
CCO) Channel in the Infrared Multiphoton Dissociation of Solid 1,3,5‐Trinitro‐1,3,5‐Triazinane (RDX). Chemphyschem 2020; 21:837-842. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201901202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K. Singh
- Department of Chemistry W. M. Keck Research Laboratory in AstrochemistryUniversity of Hawaii Honolulu HI 96822 HI USA
| | - Jesse La Jeunesse
- Department of Chemistry W. M. Keck Research Laboratory in AstrochemistryUniversity of Hawaii Honolulu HI 96822 HI USA
| | - Vasant Vuppuluri
- Mechanical Engineering Purdue Energetics Research CenterPurdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Steven F. Son
- Mechanical Engineering Purdue Energetics Research CenterPurdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Bing‐Jian Sun
- Department of ChemistryNational Dong Hwa University Shoufeng, Hualien 974 Taiwan
| | - Yue‐Lin Chen
- Department of ChemistryNational Dong Hwa University Shoufeng, Hualien 974 Taiwan
| | - Agnes H. H. Chang
- Department of ChemistryNational Dong Hwa University Shoufeng, Hualien 974 Taiwan
| | - Alexander M. Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFlorida International University Miami, Florida 33199 USA
| | - Ralf I. Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry W. M. Keck Research Laboratory in AstrochemistryUniversity of Hawaii Honolulu HI 96822 HI USA
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