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Thamleena H, Mathew J, Sajith PK. Unraveling the Isotropic Hyperfine Coupling Constants of Nitroxide Radicals via Molecular Electrostatic Potential Analysis. J Phys Chem A 2024. [PMID: 39052117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c02691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Nitroxide radicals have wide and promising applications as organic magnetic materials. Modulating the isotropic hyperfine coupling constants (HFCCs) of these radicals through proper structural design is an effective strategy for their application as spin probes and spin labels. In the present work, density functional theory calculations were carried out to develop a robust descriptor based on the molecular electrostatic potential for nitrogen HFCCs of nitroxide radicals. Forty nitroxide radicals from five distinct classes, namely, derivatives of cyclic, acyclic, imino, nitronyl, and benzimidazole nitronyl nitroxides, were selected, and the molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) at the nitrogen atom (VN) of the NO moiety was calculated. The VN values efficiently capture the electronic changes associated with the steric and electronic nature of these systems. A significant correlation between VN values and the experimental HFCCs of nitrogen nuclei demonstrates the applicability of VN as a simple and efficient descriptor for monitoring HFCCs. Furthermore, a good correlation between VN and experimental nitrogen HFCCs for each class of nitroxide radicals indicates the use of VN in the evaluation of the magnetic nature of the nitroxide radicals. The findings in this work are expected to facilitate the design of novel nitroxide radicals with desirable magnetic properties based on MESP topology analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Thamleena
- Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to the University of Calicut), Devagiri, Kerala 673008, India
| | - Jomon Mathew
- Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to the University of Calicut), Devagiri, Kerala 673008, India
| | - Pookkottu K Sajith
- Department of Chemistry, Farook College (Autonomous), Kozhikode 673632, India
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Anjalikrishna PK, Gadre SR, Suresh CH. Electrostatic Potential for Exploring Electron Delocalization in Infinitenes, Circulenes, and Nanobelts. J Org Chem 2023; 88:4123-4133. [PMID: 36952587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The π-conjugation, aromaticity, and stability of the newly synthesized 12-infinitene and of other infinitenes comprising 8-, 10-, 14-, and 16-arene rings are investigated using density functional theory. The π-electron delocalization and aromatic character rooted in infinitenes are quantified in terms of molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) topology. Structurally, the infinitene bears a close resemblance of its helically twisted structure to the infinity symbol. The MESP topology shows that infinitene possesses an infinity-shaped delocalization of the electron density that streams over the fused benzenoid rings. The parameter ∑i=13Δλi, derived from the eigenvalues (λi) corresponding to the MESP minima, is used for quantifying the aromatic character of arene rings of infinitene. The structure, stability, and MESP topology features of 8-, 10-, 12-, 14-, and 16-infinitenes are also compared with the corresponding isomeric circulenes and carbon nanobelts. Further, the strain in all such systems is evaluated by considering the respective isomeric planar benzenoid hydrocarbons as reference systems. The 12-infinitene turns out to be the most aromatic and the least strained among all the systems examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puthannur K Anjalikrishna
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shridhar R Gadre
- Department of Scientific Computing, Modelling and Simulation, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Cherumuttathu H Suresh
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Ravindranath L, Srishailam K, Venkatram Reddy B. Experimental and DFT Quantum Chemical Studies on Structural, Vibrational and Molecular Properties of Some Substituted 4-Phenylphenols. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2161584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Ravindranath
- Department of Physics, Malla Reddy Engineering College(a), Hyderabad, India
- Department of Physics, Kakatiya University, Warangal, India
| | - K. Srishailam
- Department of Physics, SR University, Warangal, India
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Báez-Grez R, Pino-Rios R. Evaluation of Slight Changes in Aromaticity through Electronic and Density Functional Reactivity Theory-Based Descriptors. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:21939-21945. [PMID: 35785290 PMCID: PMC9245093 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aromaticity is a useful tool to rationalize the structure, stability, and reactivity in several compounds. Although aromaticity is not directly an observable, it is well accepted that electronic delocalization around the molecular ring is a key stabilizing feature of aromatic compounds. This contribution presents a systematic evaluation of the capability of delocalization and reactivity criteria to describe aromaticity in a set of fluorinated benzenes. The aromaticity indices are compared with quantities obtained from the magnetic criteria of aromaticity, i.e., the strength of the ring current induced by an external magnetic field and the popular NICS zz (1) index. In this evaluation, the indices based on delocalization criteria used are aromatic fluctuation index (FLU), para-delocalization index (PDI), PDIπ, and the multicenter delocalization index (MCI). In addition, indices based on the bifurcation values of scalar functions are derived from electron density such as electron localization function (the π contribution, ELFπ) and the π contribution of the localized orbital locator (LOLπ). Furthermore, reactivity indices based on chemical reactivity and the information-theoretic (reactivity) approach are para-linear response (PLR), Shannon entropy, Fisher information, and Ghosh-Berkowitz-Parr (GBP) entropy. The results obtained show that the delocalization-based indicators present a high sensitivity to slight changes in aromaticity and that the reactivity criterion can be considered as a complementary tool for the study of this phenomenon, even when these changes are minimal. These results encourage the use of multiple indicators for a complete understanding of aromaticity in various chemical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Báez-Grez
- Computational
and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas,
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad
Andres Bello, República 275, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Ricardo Pino-Rios
- Instituto
de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 7500912 Santiago, Chile
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Suresh CH, Remya GS, Anjalikrishna PK. Molecular electrostatic potential analysis: A powerful tool to interpret and predict chemical reactivity. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cherumuttathu H. Suresh
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division CSIR‐National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| | - Geetha S. Remya
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division CSIR‐National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| | - Puthannur K. Anjalikrishna
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division CSIR‐National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
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Jousselin-Oba T, Mamada M, Wright K, Marrot J, Adachi C, Yassar A, Frigoli M. Synthesis, Aromaticity, and Application of peri-Pentacenopentacene: Localized Representation of Benzenoid Aromatic Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202112794. [PMID: 34727416 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and optoelectronic properties of TIPS-peri-pentacenopentacene (TIPS-PPP), a vertical extension of TIPS-pentacene (TIPS-PEN) and a low-band-gap material with remarkable stability. We found the synthetic conditions to avoid the competition between 1,2- and 1,4-addition of lithium acetylide on the large aromatic dione. The high stability of TIPS-PPP is due to the peri-fusion which increases the aromaticity by generating two localized aromatic sextets that are flanked with 2 diene fragments, similar to two fused-anthracenes. Like TIPS-PEN, TIPS-PPP shows the archetypal 2D brickwall motif in crystals with a larger transfer integral and smaller reorganization energy. The high mobility of up to 1 cm2 V-1 s-1 was obtained in an organic field-effect transistor fabricated by a wet process. Also, TIPS-PPP was used as a near-infrared (NIR) emitter for NIR organic-light-emitting-diode devices resulting in a high external quantum efficiency at 800 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanguy Jousselin-Oba
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UMR CNRS 8180, University Paris-Saclay, 45 avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Masashi Mamada
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Karen Wright
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UMR CNRS 8180, University Paris-Saclay, 45 avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Jérome Marrot
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UMR CNRS 8180, University Paris-Saclay, 45 avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Abderrahim Yassar
- LPICM, UMR CNRS 7647, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Michel Frigoli
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UMR CNRS 8180, University Paris-Saclay, 45 avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035, Versailles Cedex, France
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Jousselin‐Oba T, Mamada M, Wright K, Marrot J, Adachi C, Yassar A, Frigoli M. Synthesis, Aromaticity, and Application of
peri
‐Pentacenopentacene: Localized Representation of Benzenoid Aromatic Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanguy Jousselin‐Oba
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles UMR CNRS 8180 University Paris-Saclay 45 avenue des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles Cedex France
| | - Masashi Mamada
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) Kyushu University Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Karen Wright
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles UMR CNRS 8180 University Paris-Saclay 45 avenue des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles Cedex France
| | - Jérome Marrot
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles UMR CNRS 8180 University Paris-Saclay 45 avenue des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles Cedex France
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) Kyushu University Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER) Kyushu University Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Abderrahim Yassar
- LPICM, UMR CNRS 7647 Ecole Polytechnique 91128 Palaiseau Cedex France
| | - Michel Frigoli
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles UMR CNRS 8180 University Paris-Saclay 45 avenue des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles Cedex France
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Anjalikrishna PK, Gadre SR, Suresh CH. Antiaromaticity-Aromaticity Interplay in Fused Benzenoid Systems Using Molecular Electrostatic Potential Topology. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:5999-6012. [PMID: 34210140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The phenomenon of antiaromaticity-aromaticity interplay in aromatic-antiaromatic (A-aA)-fused systems is studied using molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) analysis, which clearly brings out the electron-rich π-regions of molecular systems. Benzene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene are the aromatic units and cyclobutadiene and pentalene are the antiaromatic units considered to construct the A-aA-fused systems. The fused system is seen to reduce the antiaromaticity by adopting a configuration containing the least number of localized bonds over antiaromatic moieties. This is clearly observed in 25 isomers of a fused system composed of three naphthalene and two cyclobutadiene units. Denoting the number of π-bonds in the cyclobutadiene rings by the notation (n, n'), the systems belonging to the class (0, 0) and (2, 2) turn out to be the most and least stable configurations, respectively. The stability of the fused system depends on the empty π-character of the antiaromatic ring, hence naphthalene and benzene prefer to fuse with cyclobutadiene in a linear and angular fashion, respectively. Generally, a configuration with the maximum number of 'empty' rings (0, 0, 0, ...) is considered to be the most stable for the given A-aA system. The stability and aromatic/antiaromatic character of A-aA-fused systems with pentalene is also interpreted in a similar way. MESP topology, clearly bringing out the distribution of double bonds in the fused systems, leads to a simple interpretation of the aromatic/antiaromatic character of them. Also, it leads to powerful predictions on stable macrocyclic A-aA systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puthannur K Anjalikrishna
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shridhar R Gadre
- Department of Scientific Computing, Modelling and Simulation, SavitribaiPhule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Cherumuttathu H Suresh
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Electrostatic Potential Topology for Probing Molecular Structure, Bonding and Reactivity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113289. [PMID: 34072507 PMCID: PMC8198923 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the pioneering investigations of Bader on the topology of molecular electron density, the topology analysis of its sister field viz. molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) was taken up by the authors’ groups. Through these studies, MESP topology emerged as a powerful tool for exploring molecular bonding and reactivity patterns. The MESP topology features are mapped in terms of its critical points (CPs), such as bond critical points (BCPs), while the minima identify electron-rich locations, such as lone pairs and π-bonds. The gradient paths of MESP vividly bring out the atoms-in-molecule picture of neutral molecules and anions. The MESP-based characterization of a molecule in terms of electron-rich and -deficient regions provides a robust prediction about its interaction with other molecules. This leads to a clear picture of molecular aggregation, hydrogen bonding, lone pair–π interactions, π-conjugation, aromaticity and reaction mechanisms. This review summarizes the contributions of the authors’ groups over the last three decades and those of the other active groups towards understanding chemical bonding, molecular recognition, and reactivity through topology analysis of MESP.
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