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Faitz ZM, Im D, Zanni MT. Femtosecond pulse shaper built into a prism compressor. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:6092-6103. [PMID: 38439320 DOI: 10.1364/oe.510551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
We present a frequency domain, AOM-based pulse shaper that utilizes Brewster prisms rather than the current standard of gratings. In doing so, we demonstrate a three-fold increase in efficiency and the ability to compensate for temporal dispersion created by the acousto-optic modulator that filters the pulse spectrum. The shaper is tested between the wavelengths of 520-660 and 840-1170 nm, creating sub-50 fs pulses for each, and used to collect a 2D white-light spectrum of a thin film of semiconducting carbon nanotubes.
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Gross N, Kuhs CT, Ostovar B, Chiang WY, Wilson KS, Volek TS, Faitz ZM, Carlin CC, Dionne JA, Zanni MT, Gruebele M, Roberts ST, Link S, Landes CF. Progress and Prospects in Optical Ultrafast Microscopy in the Visible Spectral Region: Transient Absorption and Two-Dimensional Microscopy. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:14557-14586. [PMID: 37554548 PMCID: PMC10406104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c02091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast optical microscopy, generally employed by incorporating ultrafast laser pulses into microscopes, can provide spatially resolved mechanistic insight into scientific problems ranging from hot carrier dynamics to biological imaging. This Review discusses the progress in different ultrafast microscopy techniques, with a focus on transient absorption and two-dimensional microscopy. We review the underlying principles of these techniques and discuss their respective advantages and applicability to different scientific questions. We also examine in detail how instrument parameters such as sensitivity, laser power, and temporal and spatial resolution must be addressed. Finally, we comment on future developments and emerging opportunities in the field of ultrafast microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Gross
- Department
of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Christopher T. Kuhs
- Army
Research Laboratory-South, U.S. Army DEVCOM, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Behnaz Ostovar
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Wei-Yi Chiang
- Department
of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Kelly S. Wilson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Tanner S. Volek
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zachary M. Faitz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Claire C. Carlin
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Dionne
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Martin T. Zanni
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Martin Gruebele
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at
Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department
of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Center
for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Sean T. Roberts
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Stephan Link
- Department
of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Christy F. Landes
- Department
of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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3
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Donaldson PM, Greetham GM, Middleton CT, Luther BM, Zanni MT, Hamm P, Krummel AT. Breaking Barriers in Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Imaging Using 100 kHz Amplified Yb-Laser Systems. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:2062-2071. [PMID: 37429010 PMCID: PMC10809409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusUltrafast spectroscopy and imaging have become tools utilized by a broad range of scientists involved in materials, energy, biological, and chemical sciences. Commercialization of ultrafast spectrometers including transient absorption spectrometers, vibrational sum frequency generation spectrometers, and even multidimensional spectrometers have put these advanced spectroscopy measurements into the hands of practitioners originally outside the field of ultrafast spectroscopy. There is now a technology shift occurring in ultrafast spectroscopy, made possible by new Yb-based lasers, that is opening exciting new experiments in the chemical and physical sciences. Amplified Yb-based lasers are not only more compact and efficient than their predecessors but also, most importantly, operate at many times the repetition rate with improved noise characteristics in comparison to the previous generation of Ti:sapphire amplifier technologies. Taken together, these attributes are enabling new experiments, generating improvements to long-standing techniques, and affording the transformation of spectroscopies to microscopies. This Account aims to show that the shift to 100 kHz lasers is a transformative step in nonlinear spectroscopy and imaging, much like the dramatic expansion that occurred with the commercialization of Ti:sapphire laser systems in the 1990s. The impact of this technology will be felt across a great swath of scientific communities. We first describe the technology landscape of amplified Yb-based laser systems used in conjunction with 100 kHz spectrometers operating with shot-to-shot pulse shaping and detection. We also identify the range of different parametric conversion and supercontinuum techniques which now provide a path to making pulses of light optimal for ultrafast spectroscopy. Second, we describe specific instances from our laboratories of how the amplified Yb-based light sources and spectrometers are transformative. For multiple probe time-resolved infrared and transient 2D IR spectroscopy, the gain in temporal span and signal-to-noise enables dynamical spectroscopy measurements from femtoseconds to seconds. These gains widen the applicability of time-resolved infrared techniques across a range of topics in photochemistry, photocatalysis, and photobiology as well as lower the technical barriers to implementation in a laboratory. For 2D visible spectroscopy and microscopy with white light, as well as 2D IR imaging, the high repetition rates of these new Yb-based light sources allow one to spatially map 2D spectra while maintaining high signal-to-noise in the data. To illustrate the gains, we provide examples of imaging applications in the study of photovoltaic materials and spectroelectrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M. Donaldson
- Central
Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Greg M. Greetham
- Central
Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Chris T. Middleton
- PhaseTech
Spectroscopy, Inc., 4916
East Broadway, Suite 125, Madison, Wisconsin 53716, United States
| | - Bradley M. Luther
- Colorado
State University, Department of Chemistry, 200 W. Lake Street, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Martin T. Zanni
- University
of Wisconsin, Department of Chemistry, Room 8361, 1101 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Peter Hamm
- University
of Zurich, Department of Chemistry, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Amber T. Krummel
- Colorado
State University, Department of Chemistry, 200 W. Lake Street, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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Bohlmann Kunz M, Podorova Y, Armstrong ZT, Zanni MT. Time-Domain Photothermal AFM Spectroscopy via Femtosecond Pulse Shaping. Anal Chem 2022; 94:12374-12382. [PMID: 36040762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A time-domain version of photothermal microscopy using an atomic force microscope (AFM) is reported, which we call Fourier transform photothermal (FTPT) spectroscopy, where the delay between two laser pulses is varied and the Fourier transform is computed. An acousto-optic modulator-based pulse shaper sets the delay and phases of the pulses shot-to-shot at 100 kHz, enabling background subtraction and data collection in the rotating frame. The pulse shaper is also used to flatten the pulse spectrum, thereby eliminating the need for normalization by the laser spectrum. We demonstrate the method on 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS-Pn) microcrystals and Mn-phthalocyanine islands, confirming subdiffraction spatial resolution, and providing new spectroscopic insights likely linked to structural defects in the crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Bohlmann Kunz
- , Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Yulia Podorova
- , Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Zachary T Armstrong
- , Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Martin T Zanni
- , Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Filbrun SL, Zhao F, Chen K, Huang TX, Yang M, Cheng X, Dong B, Fang N. Imaging Dynamic Processes in Multiple Dimensions and Length Scales. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2022; 73:377-402. [PMID: 35119943 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-090519-034100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Optical microscopy has become an invaluable tool for investigating complex samples. Over the years, many advances to optical microscopes have been made that have allowed us to uncover new insights into the samples studied. Dynamic changes in biological and chemical systems are of utmost importance to study. To probe these samples, multidimensional approaches have been developed to acquire a fuller understanding of the system of interest. These dimensions include the spatial information, such as the three-dimensional coordinates and orientation of the optical probes, and additional chemical and physical properties through combining microscopy with various spectroscopic techniques. In this review, we survey the field of multidimensional microscopy and provide an outlook on the field and challenges that may arise. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, Volume 73 is April 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth L Filbrun
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kuangcai Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Imaging Core Facility, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Teng-Xiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Meek Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA;
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen Key Laboratory of Analytical Molecular Nanotechnology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; ,
| | - Bin Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA;
| | - Ning Fang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen Key Laboratory of Analytical Molecular Nanotechnology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; ,
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6
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Blackburn TJ, Tyler SM, Pemberton JE. Optical Spectroscopy of Surfaces, Interfaces, and Thin Films. Anal Chem 2022; 94:515-558. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Blackburn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Sarah M. Tyler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jeanne E. Pemberton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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Armstrong ZT, Kunz MB, Zanni MT. Ultrafast Fluctuations in PM6 Domains of Binary and Ternary Organic Photovoltaic Thin Films Probed with Two-Dimensional White-Light Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:8972-8979. [PMID: 34506148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present two-dimensional white-light spectroscopy (2DWL) measurements of binary and ternary bulk heterojunctions of the polymer donor PM6 mixed with state-of-the-art nonfullerene acceptors Y6 or IT4F. The ternary film has a shorter lifetime and faster spectral diffusion than either of the binary films. 2D line shape analysis of the PM6 ground state bleach with a Kubo model determines that all three films have similar amplitudes of fluctuations (Δ = 0.29 fs-1) in their transition frequencies, but different relaxation times (ranging from 102 to 24 fs). The ternary film exhibits faster dynamics than either of the binary films. The short lifetime of the ternary blend is consistent with increased photoexcitation transfer and the fast frequency fluctuations are consistent with structural dynamics of aliphatic side chains. These results suggest that the femtosecond fluctuations of PM6 are impacted by the choice of the acceptor molecules. We hypothesize that those dynamics are either indicative, or perhaps the initial source, of structural dynamics that ultimately contribute to solar cell operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Miriam Bohlmann Kunz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Martin T Zanni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Tiwari V. Multidimensional electronic spectroscopy in high-definition-Combining spectral, temporal, and spatial resolutions. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:230901. [PMID: 34241275 DOI: 10.1063/5.0052234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, coherent multidimensional spectroscopies have been implemented across the terahertz, infrared, visible, and ultraviolet regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. A combination of coherent excitation of several resonances with few-cycle pulses, and spectral decongestion along multiple spectral dimensions, has enabled new insights into wide ranging molecular scale phenomena, such as energy and charge delocalization in natural and artificial light-harvesting systems, hydrogen bonding dynamics in monolayers, and strong light-matter couplings in Fabry-Pérot cavities. However, measurements on ensembles have implied signal averaging over relevant details, such as morphological and energetic inhomogeneity, which are not rephased by the Fourier transform. Recent extension of these spectroscopies to provide diffraction-limited spatial resolution, while maintaining temporal and spectral information, has been exciting and has paved a way to address several challenging questions by going beyond ensemble averaging. The aim of this Perspective is to discuss the technological developments that have eventually enabled spatially resolved multidimensional electronic spectroscopies and highlight some of the very recent findings already made possible by introducing spatial resolution in a powerful spectroscopic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Tiwari
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
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9
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Hartland GV. Virtual Issue on Super-Resolution Far-Field Optical Microscopy. J Phys Chem B 2021; 124:1581-1584. [PMID: 32131600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c01501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Valentine ML, Waterland MK, Fathizadeh A, Elber R, Baiz CR. Interfacial Dynamics in Lipid Membranes: The Effects of Headgroup Structures. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:1343-1350. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c08755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mason L. Valentine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Maya K. Waterland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Arman Fathizadeh
- Oden Institute for Computational Science and Engineering, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Ron Elber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
- Oden Institute for Computational Science and Engineering, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Carlos R. Baiz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
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11
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Blake MJ, Colon BA, Calhoun TR. Leaving the Limits of Linearity for Light Microscopy. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2020; 124:24555-24565. [PMID: 34306294 PMCID: PMC8301257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c07501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear microscopy has enabled additional modalities for chemical contrast, deep penetration into biological tissues, and the ability to collect dynamics on ultrafast timescales across heterogenous samples. The additional light fields introduced to a sample offer seemingly endless possibilities for variation to optimize and customize experimentation and the extraction of physical insight. This perspective highlights three areas of growth in this diverse field: the collection of information across multiple timescales, the selective imaging of interfacial chemistry, and the exploitation of quantum behavior for future imaging directions. Future innovations will leverage the work of the studies reviewed here as well as address the current challenges presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marea J Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - Brandon A Colon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - Tessa R Calhoun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
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12
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Zhou L, Tian L, Zhang WK. Experimental consideration of two-dimensional Fourier transform spectroscopy. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2007125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhou
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lie Tian
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wen-kai Zhang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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13
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Huang L, Wong C, Grumstrup E. Time-Resolved Microscopy: A New Frontier in Physical Chemistry. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:5997-5998. [PMID: 32698589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c05511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Hartland GV. Virtual Issue on Super-Resolution Far-Field Optical Microscopy. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:1669-1672. [PMID: 32131601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c01500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Palato S, Seiler H, Baker H, Sonnichsen C, Brosseau P, Kambhampati P. Investigating the electronic structure of confined multiexcitons with nonlinear spectroscopies. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:104710. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5142180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Palato
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W, Montréal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - H. Seiler
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W, Montréal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - H. Baker
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W, Montréal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - C. Sonnichsen
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W, Montréal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - P. Brosseau
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W, Montréal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - P. Kambhampati
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W, Montréal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
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