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Nachaki E, Kuroda DG. Lithium ion Speciation in Cyclic Solvents: Impact of Anion Charge Delocalization and Solvent Polarizability. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:3408-3415. [PMID: 38546442 PMCID: PMC11017243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c06872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The increasing demand for lithium batteries has triggered the search for safer and more efficient electrolytes. Insights into the atomistic description of electrolytes are critical for relating microscopic and macroscopic (physicochemical) properties. Previous studies have shown that the type of lithium salt and solvent used in the electrolyte influences its performance by dictating the speciation of the ionic components in the system. Here, we investigate the molecular origins of ion association in lithium-based electrolytes as a function of anion charge delocalization and solvent chemical identity. To this end, a family of cyano-based lithium salts in organic solvents, having a cyclic structure and containing carbonyl groups, was investigated using a combination of linear infrared spectroscopy and ab initio computations. Our results show that the formation of contact-ion pairs (CIPs) is more favorable in organic solvents containing either ester or carbonate groups and in lithium salts with an anion having low charge delocalization than in an amide/urea solvent and an anion with large charge delocalization. Ab initio computations attribute the degree of CIP formation to the energetics of the process, which is largely influenced by the chemical nature of the lithium ion solvation shell. At the molecular level, atomic charge analysis reveals that CIP formation is directly related to the ability of the solvent molecule to rearrange its electronic density upon coordination to the lithium ion. Overall, these findings emphasize the importance of local interactions in determining the nature of ion-molecule interactions and provide a molecular framework for explaining lithium ion speciation in the design of new electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest
O. Nachaki
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana
State University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Daniel G. Kuroda
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana
State University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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2
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Rahro PN, Shirini F, Gilani AG. Facile synthesis of triazolo/benzazolo[2,1- b]quinazolinone derivatives catalyzed by a new deep eutectic mixture based on glucose, pregabalin and urea. RSC Adv 2023; 13:31470-31479. [PMID: 37901261 PMCID: PMC10603617 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05199d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel natural deep eutectic solvent was prepared from glucose, pregabalin, and urea. The prepared solvent was identified using a variety of techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and refractive index measurements (RI). The prepared deep eutectic solvent was then utilized for the one-pot synthesis of quinazolinone derivatives. The yields of the product obtained with and without the catalyst were determined, providing insights into the catalytic efficiency of the system. This protocol offers several advantages, including mild reaction conditions, easy reagent preparation, a green process, short reaction times (2-60 min), high yields (80-99%), and a straightforward procedure with the possibility of catalyst reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parissa Naddaf Rahro
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Guilan Rasht 41335-19141 Iran +98 131 3233262 +981313233262
| | - Farhad Shirini
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Guilan Rasht 41335-19141 Iran +98 131 3233262 +981313233262
| | - Ali Ghanadzadeh Gilani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Guilan Rasht 41335-19141 Iran +98 131 3233262 +981313233262
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3
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Tarif E, Das N, Sen P. Does Viscosity Decoupling Guarantee Dynamic Heterogeneity? A Clue through an Excitation and Emission Wavelength-Dependent Time-Resolved Fluorescence Anisotropy Study. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:7162-7173. [PMID: 37549044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, deviation from Stokes-Einstein-Debye (SED) relation in terms of viscosity dependence of medium dynamics, i.e., τ x ∝ ( η T ) p with p ≠ 1, is taken as a signature of dynamic heterogeneity. However, it does not guarantee medium heterogeneity, as the decoupling may also originate from the deviation of the basic assumption of SED. Here, we developed a method to find a stronger relation between viscosity decoupling (p ≠ 1) and dynamic heterogeneity in terms of rotational motion. Our approach exploited the fact that in heterogeneous media, a solvatochromic probe will be solvated to a different extent at different microdomains (subpopulations), and photoselection of these subpopulations can be achieved by excitation or emission wavelength-dependent measurements. We hypothesized that the dynamics of a homogeneous system might show viscosity decoupling, but the extent of decoupling at different excitations (or at different emissions) should not be different. On the other hand, in a heterogeneous medium, this extent of viscosity decoupling (p-value) should be different at different excitations (or at different emissions). As proof of concept, we investigated three versatile solvent media: squalane (viscous molecular liquid), 1-ethyle-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate ionic liquid (IL), and [0.78 acetamide + 0.22 LiNO3] deep eutectic solvent (DES). We found that squalane is homogeneous, although it shows fractional viscosity dependence (p ≠ 1). Interestingly, mild heterogeneity in IL and significant heterogeneity in the DES were observed. Overall, we conclude that the difference in the p-value as a function of excitation (or emission) wavelength-dependent might be a superior way for the detection of dynamic heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ejaj Tarif
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208 016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nilimesh Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208 016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pratik Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208 016, Uttar Pradesh, India
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4
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Al-Mualem ZA, Chen X, Shirley JC, Xu C, Baiz CR. BoxCARS 2D IR spectroscopy with pulse shaping. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:2700-2709. [PMID: 36785278 PMCID: PMC10018786 DOI: 10.1364/oe.471984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BoxCARS and pump-probe geometries are common implementations of two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy. BoxCARS is background-free, generally offering greater signal-to-noise ratio, which enables measuring weak vibrational echo signals. Pulse shapers have been implemented in the pump-probe geometry to accelerate data collection and suppress scatter and other unwanted signals by precise control of the pump-pulse delay and carrier phase. Here, we introduce a 2D-IR optical setup in the BoxCARS geometry that implements a pulse shaper for rapid acquisition of background-free 2D IR spectra. We show a signal-to-noise improvement using this new fast-scan BoxCARS setup versus the pump-probe geometry within the same configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziareena A. Al-Mualem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Joseph C. Shirley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Cong Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Carlos R. Baiz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Rozas S, Atilhan M, Aparicio S. Bulk liquid phase and interfacial behavior of cineole – Based deep eutectic solvents with regard to carbon dioxide. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cui Y, Rushing JC, Seifert S, Bedford NM, Kuroda DG. Structural and dynamical changes observed when transitioning from an ionic liquid to a deep eutectic solvent. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:054507. [PMID: 34364351 DOI: 10.1063/5.0053448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The microscopic molecular structure and dynamics of a new deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of an ionic liquid (1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride) and an amide (trifluoroacetamide) at various molar ratios were investigated using linear and non-linear infrared spectroscopy with a vibrational probe. The use of the ionic liquid allows us to investigate the changes that the system undergoes with the addition of the amide or, equivalently, the changes from an ionic liquid to a DES. Our studies revealed that the vibrational probe in the DES senses a very similar local environment irrespective of the cation chemical structure. In addition, the amide also appears to perceive the same molecular environment. The concentration dependence studies also showed that the amide changes from being isolated from other amides in the ionic liquid environment to an environment where the amide-amide interactions are favored. In the case of the vibrational probe, the addition of the amide produced significant changes in the slow dynamics associated with the making and breaking of the ionic cages but did not affect the rattling-in-cage motions perceived by it. Furthermore, the concentration dependence of slow dynamics showed two regimes which are linked to the changes in the overall structure of the solution. These observations are interpreted in the context of a nanoscopic heterogeneous environment in the DES which, according to the observed dynamical regimes, appears at very large concentrations of the amide (molar ratio of greater than 1:1) since for lower amide molar ratios, the amide appears to be not segregated from the ionic liquid. This proposed molecular picture is supported by small angle x-ray scattering experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowen Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Jeramie C Rushing
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Soenke Seifert
- X-Ray Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Nicholas M Bedford
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Daniel G Kuroda
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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Gurkan BE, Maginn EJ, Pentzer EB. Deep Eutectic Solvents: A New Class of Versatile Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:11313-11315. [PMID: 33327722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c10099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Burcu E Gurkan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University
| | - Edward J Maginn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame
| | - Emily B Pentzer
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University
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Percevault L, Jani A, Sohier T, Noirez L, Paquin L, Gauffre F, Morineau D. Do Deep Eutectic Solvents Form Uniform Mixtures Beyond Molecular Microheterogeneities? J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:9126-9135. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c06317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Percevault
- Institute of Chemical Sciences of Rennes, CNRS-University of Rennes 1, UMR 6226, Rennes F-35042, France
| | - Aicha Jani
- Institute of Physics of Rennes, CNRS-University of Rennes 1, UMR 6251, Rennes F-35042, France
| | - Thibaut Sohier
- Institute of Physics of Rennes, CNRS-University of Rennes 1, UMR 6251, Rennes F-35042, France
| | - Laurence Noirez
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (CEA-CNRS), CEA-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France
| | - Ludovic Paquin
- Institute of Chemical Sciences of Rennes, CNRS-University of Rennes 1, UMR 6226, Rennes F-35042, France
| | - Fabienne Gauffre
- Institute of Chemical Sciences of Rennes, CNRS-University of Rennes 1, UMR 6226, Rennes F-35042, France
| | - Denis Morineau
- Institute of Physics of Rennes, CNRS-University of Rennes 1, UMR 6251, Rennes F-35042, France
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