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Chatterjee J, Chatterjee A, Tanwar R, Panwaria P, Saikia S, Ambhore MD, Mandal P, Hazra P. Activation of TADF in Photon Upconverting Crystals of Dinuclear Cu(I)-Iodide Complexes by Ligand Engineering. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:6069-6080. [PMID: 38820068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
This work reports that ligand engineering can modulate the triplet harvesting mechanism in iodide-bridged rhombic Cu2I2 complexes. Complex-1, with a smaller Cu-Cu distance, exhibits phosphorescence from 3(M+X)LCT and 3CC states with 66% quantum yield, whereas an increased Cu-Cu distance in complex-2 results in a switch of the emission from phosphorescence to TADF, which occurs via 1/3(M+X)LCT states with 83% quantum yield. The TADF property of complex-2 has been utilized for the fabrication of a pc-LED emitting efficient warm white light. Moreover, the high charge-transfer nature of these complexes leads to the emergence of third-harmonic generation (THG). Interestingly, complex-1 exhibits efficient third-harmonic generation with a χ(3) value of 1.15 × 10-18 m2 V-2 and LIDT value of 14.73 GW/cm2. This work aims to provide a structure-property relationship to achieve effective harvestation of triplet excitons in iodide-bridged rhombic Cu2I2 complexes and their effective utilization in OLED device fabrication and nonlinear photon upconversion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abhijit Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Riteeka Tanwar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prakash Panwaria
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sajid Saikia
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Madan D Ambhore
- Department of Chemistry, Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya Nanded, Nanded, PIN-431602, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pankaj Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Partha Hazra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
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Hong SG, Oh BM, Kim JH, Lee JU. Textile-Based Adsorption Sensor via Mixed Solvent Dyeing with Aggregation-Induced Emission Dyes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1745. [PMID: 38673102 PMCID: PMC11051475 DOI: 10.3390/ma17081745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
This study demonstrates a novel methodology for developing a textile-based adsorption sensor via mixed solvent dyeing with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) dyes on recycled fabrics. AIE dyes were incorporated into the fabrics using a mixed solvent dyeing method with a co-solvent mixture of H2O and organic solvents. This method imparted unique fluorescence properties to fabrics, altering fluorescence intensity or wavelength based on whether the AIE dye molecules were in an isolated or aggregated state on the fabrics. The precise control of the H2O fraction to organic solvent during dyeing was crucial for influencing fluorescence intensity and sensing characteristics. These dyed fabrics exhibited reactive thermochromic and vaporchromic properties, with changes in fluorescence intensity corresponding to variations in temperature and exposure to volatile organic solvents (VOCs). Their superior characteristics, including a repetitive fluorescence switching property and resistance to photo-bleaching, enhance their practicality across various applications. Consequently, the smart fabrics dyed with AIE dye not only find applications in clothing and fashion design but demonstrate versatility in various fields, extending to sensing temperature, humidity, and hazardous chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Gyun Hong
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Integrated Education Institute for Frontier Science and Technology (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, 1732 De-ogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Byeong M. Oh
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 206, World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si 16499, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (B.M.O.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Jong H. Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 206, World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si 16499, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (B.M.O.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Jea Uk Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Integrated Education Institute for Frontier Science and Technology (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, 1732 De-ogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
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Munthasir ATM, Rani P, Dhanalakshmi P, Pradhan S, Thilagar P. Polymorphism Dependent Cytotoxicity, Cellular Uptake, and Live Cell Imaging Studies on Napthalimide-Vinyl-Phenothiazine Conjugate. Chemistry 2024:e202400868. [PMID: 38576402 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Polymorphism-dependent cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of drug molecules have been studied for the past two decades. However, the visualization of polymorph-dependent cellular uptake and cytotoxicity using microscopy imaging techniques has not yet been reported. The luminescent polymorph is an ideal candidate to validate the above hypothesis. Herein, we report the polymorph-dependent cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, and bio-imaging functions of polymorphs 1Y and 1R of a naphthalimide-phenothiazine dyad. These polymorphs show different luminescence colors in the solid state and exhibit aggregation-induced enhanced emission (AIEE) in the DMSO-Water mixture. Bioimaging, cytotoxicity assay, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) studies revealed that these polymorphs show different levels of cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, localization, and imaging potential. Detailed photophysical, morphological, and biological studies revealed that the difference in molecular conformation in these polymorphs enables them to form aggregates of different sizes and morphology, which leads to the differential uptake of these into the cells and consequently shows different cytotoxicity and imaging potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Poonam Rani
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Bengaluru, India -, 560012
| | - Pandi Dhanalakshmi
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Bengaluru, India -, 560012
| | - Sambit Pradhan
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Bengaluru, India -, 560012
| | - Pakkirisamy Thilagar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Bengaluru, India -, 560012
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Korzec M, Kotowicz S, Malarz K, Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz A. Spectroscopic and Biological Properties of the 3-Imino-1,8-naphthalimide Derivatives as Fluorophores for Cellular Imaging. Molecules 2023; 28:6255. [PMID: 37687082 PMCID: PMC10488415 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the photophysical and biological properties of eight 3-imino-1,8-naphthalimides. The optical properties of the compounds were investigated in the solvents that differed in their polarity (dichloromethane, acetonitrile, and methanol), including three methods of sample preparation using different pre-dissolving solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide or chloroform. In the course of the research, it was found that there are strong interactions between the tested compounds and DMSO, which was visible as a change in the maximum emission band (λem) of the neat 3-imino-1,8-naphthalimides (λem = 470-480 nm) and between the compounds and DMSO (λem = 504-514 nm). The shift of the emission maximum that was associated with the presence of a small amount of DMSO in the sample was as much as 41 nm. In addition, the susceptibility of imines to hydrolysis in the methanol/water mixture with increasing water content and in the methanol/water mixture (v/v; 1:1) in the pH range from 1 to 12 was discussed. The studies showed that the compounds are hydrolysed in the CH3OH/H2O system in an acidic environment (pH in the range of 1 to 4). In addition, it was found that partial hydrolysis occurs in systems with an increased amount of water, and its degree may depend on the type of substituent on the imine bond. The compounds tended to quench the emission (ACQ) in the aggregated state and increase the emission related to the protonation of the imine bond. Moreover, it was found that the substituent in the imine bonds influenced a compound's individual photophysical properties. Biological tests, including cytotoxicity studies and cellular localisation, were also performed for all of the molecules. All of the tested compounds exhibited green fluorescence in the MCF-7 cells and showed co-localisation in the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and lysosome. The obtained photophysical and biological results indicate the promising potential use of the tested compounds as cellular dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Korzec
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Sonia Kotowicz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Malarz
- August Chelkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 1A 75 Pułku Piechoty Str., 41-500 Chorzow, Poland; (K.M.); (A.M.-W.)
| | - Anna Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz
- August Chelkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 1A 75 Pułku Piechoty Str., 41-500 Chorzow, Poland; (K.M.); (A.M.-W.)
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Huang M, Wang Z, Ma Z, Yang J. R-D-A and R-D-π-A Structured AIEgens: Relationship between Electronic, Conformational Characteristics and Photophysical Properties. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:3082-3089. [PMID: 35417159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c10834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The design of new aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) has aroused continuous attention. The relationship between structure and performance plays an important role in guiding such efforts. In this contribution, two R-D-A- and R-D-π-A-type AIEgens were facilely designed and synthesized, that is, DPE-PTZ-CN and DPE-PTZ-PCN, with diphenylethylene as the twisted rotor structure (R), phenothiazine as electron-donor (D), and the (aryl) cyano group as electron-acceptor (A) fragments. Both luminophores were endowed with typical AIE properties, while their αAIE (PL intensity ratio of AIEgen in a mixed solution with water fraction (fw) = 90 vol % to that with fw = 0) were quite different. The αAIE for DPE-PTZ-CN was as high as 41, but it was only 3 for DPE-PTZ-PCN, in which the π-bridge (aryl linker) was introduced between its D and A groups. In addition, the push-pull electronic effect endowed both molecules with the feature of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). The solvatochromism effect observed in solutions with different polarities confirmed the existence of the ICT process. The theoretical calculation and single crystal structure analysis revealed that the electronic structure and molecular conformation characteristics had a decisive influence on the differences in photophysical behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Huang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhijian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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