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Shi J, Liu Y, Jiao S, Wu T, Wang A, Wang W, Xie L, Liu Y, Wang H. Synthesis, structure, spectra, cytotoxicity and photo induced NO release of four isomeric nitrosylruthenium complexes. Nitric Oxide 2024:S1089-8603(24)00117-4. [PMID: 39313019 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2024.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Four isomeric nitrosyl ruthenium complexes [RuCl(2mqn)(Val)(NO)] (1-4) were prepared (2mqn, 2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinoline; Val, L-valine) and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, absorption spectrum, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystal diffraction. Time-resolved FT-IR and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to monitor photo-induced NO release in solution, while NO released in living cells was imaged using a selective fluorescent probe. The isomeric complexes showed different levels of cytotoxicity against HeLa cells, and slightly photo-enhanced anti-proliferative activity was observed. The isomeric complexes 1-4 inhibited the growth of HeLa cells by inducing apoptosis and promoted cell cycle arrest in the S phase. Furthermore, they showed relatively lower cytotoxicity against the human liver cell line HL-7702. The different spatial configurations of the complexes is close related with the selective binding of the isomeric complexes with serum albumin, which provide insight into the potential applications of the nitrosyl ruthenium complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shi
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang 032200, China
| | - Yuhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Shuxiang Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Ai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Wenming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Leilei Xie
- Experimental Management Center, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Techinical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, CAS, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hongfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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2
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Pradhan S, Mishra DK, Gurung P, Chettri A, Singha UK, Dutta T, Sinha B. An In-Silico Drug Designing Approach Attempted on a Newly Synthesized Co(II) Complex along with its Other Biological Activities: A Combined Investigation of both Experimental and Theoretical Aspects. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03852-0. [PMID: 39031237 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03852-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
A new Co (II) complex incorporating a novel Schiff base ligand acquired from the condensation of 3,3'-Methylenedianiline and 2-Hydroxy-5-bromobenzaldehyde was synthesized and characterized. The synthesized complex was air and moisture stable, monomeric, and non-electrolytic in nature. Based on physical and spectral studies, tetrahedral conformation was ascribed to the synthesized Co (II) complex.Density Functional Theory (DFT) was used to analysis different electronic parameters of the optimized structure of Co(II) complex to reveal its stability.Using different analytic and spectroscopic techniques, the new Co (II) complex was established to interact with DNA quite effectively and works as an efficient metallo intercalators. The synthesized complex was discovered to cleave DNA significantly, so it can be inferred that the complex will inhibit the growth of pathogens. Molecular docking was performed to check the binding affinity of the cobalt complex with different receptors, responsible for different diseases. Proteins like progesterone receptor and induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation Mcl-1 protein showed high binding affinity with this complex, and hence the complex might have some implications for inhibition of progesterone hormones in biological systems. Biological activity of the Co (II) complex was also predicted through computational analysis with SwissADME.Using strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus, an in vitro antibacterial activity of the ligand and Co (II) complex was carried out. This activity was further validated by a molecular docking investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshan Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, 734013, India
| | - Dipu Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, 734013, India
| | - Pritika Gurung
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, 734013, India
| | - Anmol Chettri
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, 734013, India
| | - Uttam Kumar Singha
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, 734013, India
| | - Tanmoy Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, JIS College of Engineering, Kalyani, 741235, India
| | - Biswajit Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, 734013, India.
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3
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Chen J, Li F, Zhao B, Gu J, Brejcha NM, Bartoli M, Zhang W, Zhou Y, Fu S, Domena JB, Zafar A, Zhang F, Tagliaferro A, Verde F, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Leblanc RM. Gene Transfection Efficiency Improvement with Lipid Conjugated Cationic Carbon Dots. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:27087-27101. [PMID: 38752799 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
An ideal vehicle with a high transfection efficiency is crucial for gene delivery. In this study, a type of cationic carbon dot (CCD) known as APCDs were first prepared with arginine (Arg) and pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA) as precursors and conjugated with oleic acid (OA) for gene delivery. By tuning the mass ratio of APCDs to OA, APCDs-OA conjugates, namely, APCDs-0.5OA, APCDs-1.0OA, and APCDs-1.5OA were synthesized. All three amphiphilic APCDs-OA conjugates show high affinity to DNA through electrostatic interactions. APCDs-0.5OA exhibit strong binding with small interfering RNA (siRNA). After being internalized by Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK 293) and osteosarcoma (U2OS) cells, they could distribute in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. With APCDs-OA conjugates as gene delivery vehicles, plasmid DNA (pDNA) that encodes the gene for the green fluorescence protein (GFP) can be successfully delivered in both HEK 293 and U2OS cells. The GFP expression levels mediated by APCDs-0.5OA and APCDs-1.0OA are ten times greater than that of PEI in HEK 293 cells. Furthermore, APCDs-0.5OA show prominent siRNA transfection efficiency, which is proven by the significantly downregulated expression of FANCA and FANCD2 proteins upon delivery of FANCA siRNA and FANCD2 siRNA into U2OS cells. In conclusion, our work demonstrates that conjugation of CCDs with a lipid structure such as OA significantly improves the gene transfection efficiency, providing a new idea about the designation of nonviral carriers in gene delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Bowen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Nicholas Michael Brejcha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Mattia Bartoli
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Shiwei Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Justin B Domena
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Alyan Zafar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Fuwu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Alberto Tagliaferro
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - Fulvia Verde
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Fangliang Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Yanbin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
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Pradhan S, Gurung P, Chettri A, Singha UK, Chhetri P, Dutta T, Sinha B. Synthesis of Novel [{(2-Amino-5-Nitro-N-[(E)-Thiophen-2-yl-Methylidene]Aniline-κ 3N 1:N 4:S)(Sulphato-κ 2O 1:O 3)}Zinc(II)] Complex with Physico-Chemical and Biological Perspective Exploration: A Combined Experimental and Computational Studies. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03612-0. [PMID: 38393498 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03612-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
A novel metal complex was synthesized using freshly prepared 2-Amino-5-nitro-N-[(E)-thiophen-2-yl-methylidene]aniline ligand with Zn (II) sulphate heptahydrate in a 1:1 molar ratio. The ligand and the complex were characterized using different spectroscopic techniques, and the complex was assigned a distorted square pyramidal geometry. Additionally, DNA binding assays and antibacterial activity were used to assess the biological perspectives for the synthesized complex, including the ligand and complex which was further confirmed by molecular docking. Fluorescence Spectroscopy, viscosity measurement, and adsorption measurement were used to investigate the interaction of the Zn (II) complex with CT-DNA. A comparative in vitro antibacterial activity study against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus strains were studied with free ligand and Zn (II) metal complex. The stable geometry of the complex was additionally established through computational simulation utilizing density functional theory, which was followed by the calculation of several electronic properties. The ADMET characteristics of the complex and ligand were also assessed using ADMET analysis. The in-silico ADMET properties pointed to a significant drug-likeness feature in the synthesized compounds, based on the Lipinski criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshan Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, 734013, India
| | - Pritika Gurung
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, 734013, India
| | - Anmol Chettri
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, 734013, India
| | - Uttam Kumar Singha
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, 734013, India
| | - Prajal Chhetri
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, 734013, India
| | - Tanmoy Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, JIS College of Engineering, Kalyani, 741235, India
| | - Biswajit Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, 734013, India.
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Quraishi S, Saha D, Kumari K, Jha AN, Roy AS. Non-covalent binding interaction of bioactive coumarin esculetin with calf thymus DNA and yeast transfer RNA: A detailed investigation to decipher the binding affinities, binding location, interacting forces and structural alterations at a molecular level. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128568. [PMID: 38061533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Esculetin is a well-known coumarin derivative found abundantly in nature possessing an extensive array of pharmacological and therapeutic properties. Consequently, to comprehend its molecular recognition mechanism, our objective is to conduct a complete investigation of its interactions with the nucleic acid, specifically ct-DNA, and t-RNA, using spectroscopic and computational techniques. The intrinsic fluorescence of esculetin is quenched when it interacts with ct-DNA and t-RNA, and this occurs through a static quenching mechanism. The thermodynamic parameters demonstrated that the interaction is influenced by hydrogen bonding and weak van der Waals forces. CD and FT-IR results revealed no conformational changes in ct-DNA and t-RNA structure on binding with esculetin. Furthermore, competitive displacement assay with ethidium bromide, melting temperature, viscosity measurement, and potassium iodide quenching experiments, reflected that esculetin probably binds to the minor groove of ct-DNA. The molecular docking results provided further confirmation for the spectroscopic findings, including the binding location of esculetin and binding energies of esculetin complexes with ct-DNA and t-RNA. Molecular dynamics simulation studies demonstrated the conformational stability and flexibility of nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Quraishi
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Meghalaya, Shillong 793003, India
| | - Debanjan Saha
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, India
| | - Kalpana Kumari
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Anupam Nath Jha
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, India.
| | - Atanu Singha Roy
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Meghalaya, Shillong 793003, India.
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6
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Li W, Li S, Zhang Z, Xu G, Man X, Yang F, Liang H. Developing a Multitargeted Anticancer Palladium(II) Agent Based on the His-242 Residue in the IIA Subdomain of Human Serum Albumin. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37321208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To obtain next-generation metal drugs that can overcome the deficiencies of platinum (Pt) drugs and treat cancer more effectively, we proposed to develop a multitargeted palladium (Pd) agent to the tumor microenvironment (TME) based on the specific residue(s) of human serum albumin (HSA). To this end, we optimized a series of Pd(II) 2-benzoylpyridine thiosemicarbazone compounds to obtain a Pd agent (5b) with significant cytotoxicity. The HSA-5b complex structure revealed that 5b bound to the hydrophobic cavity in the HSA IIA subdomain and then His-242 replaced a leaving group (Cl) of 5b, coordinating with the Pd center. The in vivo results showed that the 5b/HSA-5b complex had significant capacity of inhibiting tumor growth, and HSA optimized the therapeutic behavior of 5b. In addition, we confirmed that the 5b/HSA-5b complex inhibited tumor growth through multiple actions on different components of TME: killing cancer cells, inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, and activating T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Shanhe Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhenlei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Gang Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Xueyu Man
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
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7
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Ponte F, Scoditti S, Barretta P, Mazzone G. Computational Assessment of a Dual-Action Ru(II)-Based Complex: Photosensitizer in Photodynamic Therapy and Intercalating Agent for Inducing DNA Damage. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37248070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A combined quantum-mechanical and classical molecular dynamics study of a recent Ru(II) complex with potential dual anticancer action is reported here. The main basis for the multiple action relies on the merocyanine ligand, whose electronic structure allows the drug to be able to absorb within the therapeutic window and in turn efficiently generate 1O2 for photodynamic therapy application and to intercalate within two nucleobases couples establishing reversible electrostatic interactions with DNA. TDDFT outcomes, which include the absorption spectrum, triplet states energy, and spin-orbit matrix elements, evidence that the photosensitizing activity is ensured by an MLCT state at around 660 nm, involving the merocyanine-based ligand, and by an efficient ISC from such state to triplet states with different characters. On the other hand, the MD exploration of all the possible intercalation sites within the dodecamer B-DNA evidences the ability of the complex to establish several electrostatic interactions with the nucleobases, thus potentially inducing DNA damage, though the simulation of the absorption spectra for models extracted by each MD trajectory shows that the photosensitizing properties of the complex remain unaltered. The computational results support that the anti-tumor effect may be related to multiple mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fortuna Ponte
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Stefano Scoditti
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Pierraffaele Barretta
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Gloria Mazzone
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
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Bai H, Gong W, Pang Y, Shi C, Zhang Z, Guo L, Li Y, Guo L, Wang W, Wang H. Synthesis, cytotoxicity, and biomacromolecule binding: Three isomers of nitrosylruthenium complexes with bidentate bioactive molecules as co-ligands. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125009. [PMID: 37245757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Three isomeric nitrosylruthenium complexes [RuNO(Qn)(PZA)Cl] (P1, P2, and P3) with bioactive small molecules 8-hydroxyquinoline (Qn) and pyrazinamide (PZA) as co-ligands were synthesized, and their crystal structures were determined using X-ray diffraction technique. The cellular toxicity of the isomeric complexes was compared to understand the effects of the geometries on the biological activity of the complexes. Both the complexes and the human serum albumin (HSA) complex adducts affected the extent of proliferation of HeLa cells (IC50: 0.77-1.45 μM). P2 showed prominent activity-induced cell apoptosis and arrested cell cycles at the G1 phase. The binding constants (Kb) of the complex with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) and HSA were quantitatively evaluated using fluorescence spectroscopy in the range of 0.17-1.56 × 104 M-1 and 0.88-3.21 × 105 M-1, respectively. The average binding site (n) number was close to 1. Moreover, the structure of HSA and the P2 complex adduct solved at the resolution of 2.48 Å revealed that one PZA-coordinated nitrosylruthenium complex bound at the subdomain I of HSA via a noncoordinative bond. HSA could serve as a potential nano-delivery system. This study provides a framework for the rational design of metal-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hehe Bai
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Wenjun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yating Pang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Chaoyang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Lili Guo
- The Fifth Hospital (Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital) of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Yafeng Li
- The Fifth Hospital (Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital) of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Lili Guo
- College of Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Wenming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Hongfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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9
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Chen C, Lv H, Xu H, Zhu D, Shen C. Cyclometalated Ru(II)-NHC complexes with phenanthroline ligands induce apoptosis mediated by mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum stress in cancer cells. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:1671-1679. [PMID: 36648504 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03405k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The exploration of ruthenium complexes as anticancer drugs has been the focus of intense investigation. In this study, we synthesized and characterized four C,N-cyclometalated ruthenium(II) complexes (Ru1-Ru4) coordinated with pyridine-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and auxiliary ligands (e.g., acetonitrile, 1,10-phenanthroline, 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, and 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline). X-ray diffraction analysis showed that all of the four cycloruthenated complexes are hexa-coordinated in a typical octahedral geometry. In vitro cytotoxic studies revealed that cyclometalated Ru-NHC complexes Ru3 and Ru4 had stronger anticancer activity than their corresponding Ru-NHC precursor Ru1 and the clinically used cisplatin. For HeLa cells, Ru3 and Ru4 exhibited potent cytotoxicity with the IC50 value of 4.31 ± 0.42 μM and 3.14 ± 0.23 μM, respectively, which was approximately three times lower than that of cisplatin. More interestingly, Ru3 and Ru4 not only effectively inhibited the proliferation of HeLa cells, but also exhibited potential anti-migration activity. In the scratch wound healing assay, Ru3 and Ru4 treatment significantly reduced the wound healing rate of HUVEC cells. Mechanistic studies showed that Ru3 and Ru4 caused a dual action mode of mitochondrial membrane depolarization and endoplasmic reticulum stress and finally induced apoptosis of HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China. .,College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, PR China
| | - He Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, PR China
| | - Hao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| | - Dancheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| | - Chao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
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