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Neilson KM, Hamtaei S, Nassiri Nazif K, Carr JM, Rahimisheikh S, Nitta FU, Brammertz G, Blackburn JL, Hadermann J, Saraswat KC, Reid OG, Vermang B, Daus A, Pop E. Toward Mass Production of Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Solar Cells: Scalable Growth of Photovoltaic-Grade Multilayer WSe 2 by Tungsten Selenization. ACS NANO 2024; 18:24819-24828. [PMID: 39177965 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c03590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are promising for high-specific-power photovoltaics due to their desirable band gaps, high absorption coefficients, and ideally dangling-bond-free surfaces. Despite their potential, the majority of TMD solar cells to date are fabricated in a nonscalable fashion, with exfoliated materials, due to the lack of high-quality, large-area, multilayer TMDs. Here, we present the scalable, thickness-tunable synthesis of multilayer WSe2 films by selenizing prepatterned tungsten with either solid-source selenium at 900 °C or H2Se precursors at 650 °C. Both methods yield photovoltaic-grade, wafer-scale WSe2 films with a layered van der Waals structure and superior characteristics, including charge carrier lifetimes up to 144 ns, over 14× higher than those of any other large-area TMD films previously demonstrated. Simulations show that such carrier lifetimes correspond to ∼22% power conversion efficiency and ∼64 W g-1 specific power in a packaged solar cell, or ∼3 W g-1 in a fully packaged solar module. The results of this study could facilitate the mass production of high-efficiency multilayer WSe2 solar cells at low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Neilson
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sarallah Hamtaei
- Hasselt University, Imo-imomec, Hasselt 3500, Belgium
- Imec, Imo-imomec, Genk 3600, Belgium
- EnergyVille, Imo-imomec, Genk 3600, Belgium
| | - Koosha Nassiri Nazif
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Joshua M Carr
- University of Colorado Boulder, Materials Science & Engineering Program, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Sepideh Rahimisheikh
- University of Antwerp, Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), Antwerpen 2020, Belgium
| | - Frederick U Nitta
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Guy Brammertz
- Hasselt University, Imo-imomec, Hasselt 3500, Belgium
- Imec, Imo-imomec, Genk 3600, Belgium
- EnergyVille, Imo-imomec, Genk 3600, Belgium
| | - Jeffrey L Blackburn
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Joke Hadermann
- University of Antwerp, Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), Antwerpen 2020, Belgium
| | - Krishna C Saraswat
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Obadiah G Reid
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Bart Vermang
- Hasselt University, Imo-imomec, Hasselt 3500, Belgium
- Imec, Imo-imomec, Genk 3600, Belgium
- EnergyVille, Imo-imomec, Genk 3600, Belgium
| | - Alwin Daus
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Sensors Laboratory, Department Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University Freiburg, Freiburg 79110, Germany
| | - Eric Pop
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Precourt Institute for Energy, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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2
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Cho K, Park Y, Jo H, Seo S, Moon J, Lee SJ, Park SY, Yoon SJ, Park J. Identification and Dynamics of Microsecond Long-Lived Charge Carriers for CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Quantum Dots, Featuring Ambient Long-Term Stability. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:5795-5803. [PMID: 38780120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
We analyze the stability and photophysical dynamics of CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs), fabricated under mild synthetic conditions and embedded in an amorphous silica (SiOx) matrix (CsPbBr3@SiOx), underscoring their sustained performance in ambient conditions for over 300 days with minimal optical degradation. However, this stability comes at the cost of a reduced photoluminescence efficiency. Time-resolved spectroscopic analyses, including flash-photolysis time-resolved microwave conductivity and time-resolved photoluminescence, show that excitons in CsPbBr3@SiOx films decay within 2.5 ns, while charge carriers recombine over approximately 230 ns. This longevity of the charge carriers is due to photoinduced electron transfer to the SiOx matrix, enabling hole retention. The measured hole mobility in these PeQDs is 0.880 cm2 V-1 s-1, underscoring their potential in optoelectronic applications. This study highlights the role of the silica matrix in enhancing the durability of PeQDs in humid environments and modifying exciton dynamics and photoluminescence, providing valuable insights for developing robust optoelectronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoung Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Youmin Park
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonyeong Jo
- Department of Chemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumi Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Moon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jeong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Yeon Park
- Department of Chemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Seog Joon Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - JaeHong Park
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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Xiong S, Wang Y, Yao J, Xu J, Xu M. Exciton Dynamics of TiOPc/WSe 2 Heterostructure. ACS NANO 2024; 18:10249-10258. [PMID: 38529949 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures composed of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and organic semiconductors demonstrate numerous compelling optoelectronic properties. However, the influence of the vdW epitaxial effect and temperature on the optoelectronic properties and interface exciton dynamics of heterostructures remains unclear. This study systematically investigates the fluorescence properties of TiOPc/WSe2 heterostructure. Comprehensive spectral characterization elucidates that the emission behavior of the TiOPc/WSe2 heterostructure arises from charge/energy transfer at the heterostructure interfaces and the structural ordering of the organic layer on the 2D monolayer WSe2 induced by vdW epitaxy. The interface exciton dynamic features probed by ultrafast transient spectroscopy reveal that the face-to-face molecular stacking configuration of TiOPc exhibits ultrafast exciton dynamics. In particular, we observe picosecond-scale absorption of organic molecular dimer cations, providing direct evidence of interface charge transfer at room temperature. Moreover, energy transfer from the TiOPc to WSe2 may exist based on the tunability in the fluorescence emission of the TiOPc/WSe2 heterostructure as the temperature changes. This study unveils the critical role of vdW epitaxy and temperature in the exciton dynamics of organic/2D TMDs hybrid systems and provides guidance for studying interlayer charge and energy transfer in organic/inorganic heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Xiong
- College of Integrated Circuits, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- College of Integrated Circuits, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jialong Yao
- College of Integrated Circuits, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- Optical Communications Laboratory, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, P. R. China
| | - Mingsheng Xu
- College of Integrated Circuits, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
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Kim TH, Yu BS, Ko HW, Park NW, Saeed MA, Ahn J, Jo S, Kim DY, Yoon SK, Lee KH, Jeong SY, Woo HY, Kim HJ, Kim TG, Park J, Park MC, Hwang DK, Shim JW. Self-Powering Sensory Device with Multi-Spectrum Image Realization for Smart Indoor Environments. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307523. [PMID: 37972308 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of organic-based optoelectronic technologies for the indoor Internet of Things market, which relies on ambient energy sources, has increased, with organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and photodetectors (OPDs) considered promising candidates for sustainable indoor electronic devices. However, the manufacturing processes of standalone OPVs and OPDs can be complex and costly, resulting in high production costs and limited scalability, thus limiting their use in a wide range of indoor applications. This study uses a multi-component photoactive structure to develop a self-powering dual-functional sensory device with effective energy harvesting and sensing capabilities. The optimized device demonstrates improved free-charge generation yield by quantifying charge carrier dynamics, with a high output power density of over 81 and 76 µW cm-2 for rigid and flexible OPVs under indoor conditions (LED 1000 lx (5200 K)). Furthermore, a single-pixel image sensor is demonstrated as a feasible prototype for practical indoor operating in commercial settings by leveraging the excellent OPD performance with a linear dynamic range of over 130 dB in photovoltaic mode (no external bias). This apparatus with high-performance OPV-OPD characteristics provides a roadmap for further exploration of the potential, which can lead to synergistic effects for practical multifunctional applications in the real world by their mutual relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hyuk Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Soo Yu
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nanoscience and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Ko
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Won Park
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Saeed
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongtae Ahn
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyeon Jo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Yeon Kim
- Department of Art and Technology, Seokyeong University, Seoul, 02713, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Kyu Yoon
- Spatial Optical Information Research Center, Korea Photonics Technology Institute (KOPTI), Gwangju, 61007, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hoon Lee
- Spatial Optical Information Research Center, Korea Photonics Technology Institute (KOPTI), Gwangju, 61007, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Young Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo J Kim
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Geun Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - JaeHong Park
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Chul Park
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Kyung Hwang
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nanoscience and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Shim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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5
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Wu R, Matta M, Paulsen BD, Rivnay J. Operando Characterization of Organic Mixed Ionic/Electronic Conducting Materials. Chem Rev 2022; 122:4493-4551. [PMID: 35026108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Operando characterization plays an important role in revealing the structure-property relationships of organic mixed ionic/electronic conductors (OMIECs), enabling the direct observation of dynamic changes during device operation and thus guiding the development of new materials. This review focuses on the application of different operando characterization techniques in the study of OMIECs, highlighting the time-dependent and bias-dependent structure, composition, and morphology information extracted from these techniques. We first illustrate the needs, requirements, and challenges of operando characterization then provide an overview of relevant experimental techniques, including spectroscopy, scattering, microbalance, microprobe, and electron microscopy. We also compare different in silico methods and discuss the interplay of these computational methods with experimental techniques. Finally, we provide an outlook on the future development of operando for OMIEC-based devices and look toward multimodal operando techniques for more comprehensive and accurate description of OMIECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiheng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Micaela Matta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Bryan D Paulsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jonathan Rivnay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
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6
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Carr JM, Allen TG, Larson BW, Davydenko IG, Dasari RR, Barlow S, Marder SR, Reid OG, Rumbles G. Short and long-range electron transfer compete to determine free-charge yield in organic semiconductors. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:312-324. [PMID: 34787147 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01331a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how Frenkel excitons efficiently split to form free-charges in low-dielectric constant organic semiconductors has proven challenging, with many different models proposed in recent years to explain this phenomenon. Here, we present evidence that a simple model invoking a modest amount of charge delocalization, a sum over the available microstates, and the Marcus rate constant for electron transfer can explain many seemingly contradictory phenomena reported in the literature. We use an electron-accepting fullerene host matrix dilutely sensitized with a series of electron donor molecules to test this hypothesis. The donor series enables us to tune the driving force for photoinduced electron transfer over a range of 0.7 eV, mapping out normal, optimal, and inverted regimes for free-charge generation efficiency, as measured by time-resolved microwave conductivity. However, the photoluminescence of the donor is rapidly quenched as the driving force increases, with no evidence for inverted behavior, nor the linear relationship between photoluminescence quenching and charge-generation efficiency one would expect in the absence of additional competing loss pathways. This behavior is self-consistently explained by competitive formation of bound charge-transfer states and long-range or delocalized free-charge states, where both rate constants are described by the Marcus rate equation. Moreover, the model predicts a suppression of the inverted regime for high-concentration blends and efficient ultrafast free-charge generation, providing a mechanistic explanation for why Marcus-inverted-behavior is rarely observed in device studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Carr
- University of Colorado Boulder, Materials Science & Engineering Program, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Taylor G Allen
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
| | - Bryon W Larson
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
| | - Iryna G Davydenko
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Raghunath R Dasari
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Stephen Barlow
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- University of Colorado Boulder, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Seth R Marder
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- University of Colorado Boulder, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Chemistry, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Obadiah G Reid
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
- University of Colorado Boulder, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Garry Rumbles
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
- University of Colorado Boulder, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Chemistry, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
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Cha WY, Lee JY, Park J, Koo YH, Park J, Seki S, Kim WS, Park J. Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Crystalline Cubes: A Facile Preparation of Polymer Particles Featuring Long-range Ordering. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Won-Young Cha
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jae-yeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Jinwoo Park
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yun Hee Koo
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Juhyun Park
- Department of Intelligent Energy and Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Won-Suk Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - JaeHong Park
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
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8
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Li X, Yu J, Gosztola DJ, Fry HC, Deria P. Wavelength-Dependent Energy and Charge Transfer in MOF: A Step toward Artificial Porous Light-Harvesting System. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:16849-16857. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinlin Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United State
| | - Jierui Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United State
| | - David J. Gosztola
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - H. Christopher Fry
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Pravas Deria
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United State
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Yu J, Park J, Van Wyk A, Rumbles G, Deria P. Excited-State Electronic Properties in Zr-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks as a Function of a Topological Network. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10488-10496. [PMID: 30040404 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b04980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Molecular assemblies in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are reminiscent of natural light-harvesting (LH) systems and considered as emerging materials for energy conversion. Such applications require understanding the correlation between their excited-state properties and underlying topological net. Two chemically identical but topologically different tetraphenylpyrene (1,3,6,8-tetrakis( p-benzoicacid)pyrene; H4TBAPy)-based ZrIV MOFs, NU-901 ( scu) and NU-1000 ( csq), are chosen to computationally and spectroscopically interrogate the impact of topological difference on their excited-state electronic structures. Time-dependent density functional theory-computed transition density matrices for selected model compounds reveal that the optically relevant S1, S2, and S n states are delocalized over more than four TBAPy linkers with a maximum exciton size of ∼1.7 nm (i.e., two neighboring TBAPy linkers). Computational data further suggests the evolution of polar excitons (hole and electron residing in two different linkers); their oscillator strengths vary with the extent of interchromophoric interaction depending on their topological network. Femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) spectroscopic data of NU-901 highlight instantaneous spectral evolution of an intense S1 → S n transition at 750 nm, which diminishes with the emergence of a broad (580-1100 nm) induced absorption originating from a fast excimer formation. Although these ultrafast spectroscopic data reveal the first direct spectral observation of fast excimer formation (τ = 2 ps) in MOFs, the fs-TA features seen in NU-901 are clearly absent in NU-1000 and the free H4TBAPy linker. Furthermore, transient and steady-state fluorescence data collected as a function of solvent dielectrics reveal that the emissive states in both MOF samples are electronically nonpolar; however, low-lying polar excited states may get involved in the excited-state decay processes in polar solvents. The present work shows that the topological arrangement of the linkers critically controls the excited-state electronic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jierui Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Southern Illinois University , 1245 Lincoln Drive , Carbondale , Illinois 62901 , United States
| | - JaeHong Park
- Department of Molecular Engineering , Kyoto University , Katsura, Nishikyo-ku , Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
| | - Andrea Van Wyk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Southern Illinois University , 1245 Lincoln Drive , Carbondale , Illinois 62901 , United States
| | - Garry Rumbles
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center , National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute , University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - Pravas Deria
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Southern Illinois University , 1245 Lincoln Drive , Carbondale , Illinois 62901 , United States
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10
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Park J, Ramirez JJ, Clikeman TT, Larson BW, Boltalina OV, Strauss SH, Rumbles G. Variation of excited-state dynamics in trifluoromethyl functionalized C60 fullerenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 18:22937-45. [PMID: 27485768 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04461a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on electronically excited-state dynamics of three different trifluoromethyl C60 fullerenes (TMFs, C60(CF3)n: C60/4-1, C60/6-2, and C60/10-1, featuring four, six, and ten trifluoromethyl groups, respectively) using steady-state and time-resolved optical spectroscopy as well as ultrafast pump/probe transient absorption spectroscopy. C60/4-1 and C60/6-2 dissolved in toluene solvent show near-unity S1 → T1 intersystem crossing quantum yield (ΦISC), ca. 1 ns S1-state lifetimes, and microsecond-timescale T1-state lifetimes, which are typical of the fullerene class. On the other hand, C60/10-1 exhibits a dominant sub-nanosecond nonradiative S1 → S0 relaxation mechanism and negligible ΦISC, therefore decreasing the average excited-state lifetime (τavg) by about 5 orders of magnitude compared to that of C60/4-1 and C60/6-2 (τavg ≈ 17 μs and 54 μs for C60/4-1 and C60/6-2, respectively, whereas τavg ≈ 100 ps for C60/10-1). These excited-state characteristics of C60/4-1 and C60/6-2 are preserved in polymer matrix, suggesting that fullerene/polymer interactions do not modulate intrinsic photophysics of trifluoromethyl-substituted fullerenes. The contrasting excited-state study results of C60/4-1 and C60/6-2 to that of C60/10-1 infer that intrinsic optical properties and excited-state dynamics can be affected by the substitution on the fullerene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehong Park
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA.
| | - Jessica J Ramirez
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA. and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Tyler T Clikeman
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA. and Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 200 W Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Bryon W Larson
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA. and Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 200 W Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Olga V Boltalina
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 200 W Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Steven H Strauss
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 200 W Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Garry Rumbles
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA. and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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11
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Li S, Sun M, Chou JP, Wei J, Xing H, Hu A. First-principles calculations of the electronic properties of SiC-based bilayer and trilayer heterostructures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:24726-24734. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03508c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The tunable Schottky barrier heights and optical absorption efficiency in van der Waals SiC-based heterostructures are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Li
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering
- City University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong SAR
- China
| | - Minglei Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
- Institute of High Performance Computing
| | - Jyh-Pin Chou
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering
- City University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong SAR
- China
| | - Jie Wei
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering
- City University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong SAR
- China
| | - Huaizhong Xing
- Department of Applied Physics and State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- China
| | - Alice Hu
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering
- City University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong SAR
- China
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12
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Nakano K, Tajima K. Organic Planar Heterojunctions: From Models for Interfaces in Bulk Heterojunctions to High-Performance Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1603269. [PMID: 27885716 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress regarding planar heterojunctions (PHJs) is reviewed, with respect to the fundamental understanding of the photophysical processes at the donor/acceptor interfaces in organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs). The current state of OPV research is summarized and the advantages of PHJs as models for exploring the relationship between organic interfaces and device characteristics described. The preparation methods and the characterization of PHJ structures to provide key points for the appropriate handling of PHJs. Next, we describe the effects of the donor/acceptor interface on each photoelectric conversion process are reviewed by examining various PHJ systems to clarify what is currently known and not known. Finally, it is discussed how we the knowledge obtained by studies of PHJs can be used to overcome the current limits of OPV efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Nakano
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tajima
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
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13
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Ortiz M, Yu C, Jin Y, Zhang W. Poly(aryleneethynylene)s: Properties, Applications and Synthesis Through Alkyne Metathesis. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:69. [PMID: 28653155 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0156-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Functional polymeric materials have seen their way into every facet of materials chemistry and engineering. In this review article, we focus on a promising class of polymers, poly(aryleneethynylene)s, by covering several of the numerous applications found thus far for these materials. Additionally, we survey the current synthetic strategies used to create these polymers, with a focus on the emerging technique of alkyne metathesis. An overview is presented of the most recent catalytic systems that support alkyne metathesis as well as the more useful alkyne metathesis reaction capable of synthesizing poly(aryleneethynylene)s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Yinghua Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
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14
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Kim DH, Park J, Li Z, Yang M, Park JS, Park IJ, Kim JY, Berry JJ, Rumbles G, Zhu K. 300% Enhancement of Carrier Mobility in Uniaxial-Oriented Perovskite Films Formed by Topotactic-Oriented Attachment. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1606831. [PMID: 28417505 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic perovskites with intriguing optical and electrical properties have attracted significant research interests due to their excellent performance in optoelectronic devices. Recent efforts on preparing uniform and large-grain polycrystalline perovskite films have led to enhanced carrier lifetime up to several microseconds. However, the mobility and trap densities of polycrystalline perovskite films are still significantly behind their single-crystal counterparts. Here, a facile topotactic-oriented attachment (TOA) process to grow highly oriented perovskite films, featuring strong uniaxial-crystallographic texture, micrometer-grain morphology, high crystallinity, low trap density (≈4 × 1014 cm-3 ), and unprecedented 9 GHz charge-carrier mobility (71 cm2 V-1 s-1 ), is demonstrated. TOA-perovskite-based n-i-p planar solar cells show minimal discrepancies between stabilized efficiency (19.0%) and reverse-scan efficiency (19.7%). The TOA process is also applicable for growing other state-of-the-art perovskite alloys, including triple-cation and mixed-halide perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hoe Kim
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Jaehong Park
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Zhen Li
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Mengjin Yang
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Ji-Sang Park
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Ik Jae Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Joseph J Berry
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Garry Rumbles
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Kai Zhu
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
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15
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Inoue J, Tsutsui Y, Choi W, Kubota K, Sakurai T, Seki S. Rapid Evaluation of Electron Mobilities at Semiconductor-Insulator Interfaces in an Ambient Atmosphere by a Contactless Microwave-Based Technique. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:164-170. [PMID: 31457218 PMCID: PMC6640973 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic mobility of electrons at the interfaces between crystalline organic semiconductors and insulating dielectric polymer films was rapidly evaluated in an ambient atmosphere by TRMC@Interfaces, a noncontact and nondestructive method based on dielectric loss spectroscopy of microwaves. By just preparing simple metal-insulator-semiconductor devices, local-scale motions of charge carriers injected into the interface by pulses of gate bias voltage were monitored through reflected microwave changes, resulting in the evaluation of local-scale charge carrier mobilities together with the value of trap density at the interface. The evaluated high electron mobilities of 12 cm2 V-1 s-1 for N,N'-bis(cyclohexyl)naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide) (DCy-NDI) and 15 cm2 V-1 s-1 for N,N'-dioctylperylene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide) (DC 8 -PDI) are the benchmarks for organic semiconducting materials that are comparable with the highest ones reported from the field-effect transistor devices. The present TRMC@Interfaces was found to serve as a rapid screening technique to examine the intrinsic performance of organic semiconducting materials as well as a useful tool enabling the precise discussion on the relationship among their local-scale charge carrier mobility, thin-film morphology, and packing structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Inoue
- Department
of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsutsui
- Department
of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Wookjin Choi
- Department
of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kai Kubota
- Department
of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Todaiji
High School, 1375 Misasagi-cho, Nara 631-0803, Japan
| | - Tsuneaki Sakurai
- Department
of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department
of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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