1
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Zhou JG, Shu Y, Wang Y, Leszczynski J, Prezhdo O. Dissociation Time, Quantum Yield, and Dynamic Reaction Pathways in the Thermolysis of trans-3,4-Dimethyl-1,2-dioxetane. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:1846-1855. [PMID: 38334951 PMCID: PMC10895692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The thermolysis of trans-3,4-dimethyl-1,2-dioxetane is studied by trajectory surface hopping. The significant difference between long and short dissociation times is rationalized by frustrated dissociations and the time spent in triplet states. If the C-C bond breaks through an excited state channel, then the trajectory passes over a ridge of the potential energy surface of that state. The calculated triplet quantum yields match the experimental results. The dissociation half-times and quantum yields follow the same ascending order as per the product states, justifying the conjecture that the longer dissociation time leads to a higher quantum yield, proposed in the context of the methylation effect. The populations of the molecular Coulomb Hamiltonian and diagonal states reach equilibrium, but the triplet populations with different Sz components fluctuate indefinitely. Certain initial velocities, leading the trajectories to given product states, can be identified as the most characteristic features for sorting trajectories according to their product states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ge Zhou
- Interdisciplinary
Nanotoxicity Center, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric
Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Yinan Shu
- Department
of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jerzy Leszczynski
- Interdisciplinary
Nanotoxicity Center, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric
Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Oleg Prezhdo
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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2
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Belotti M, El‐Tahawy MMT, Yu L, Russell IC, Darwish N, Coote ML, Garavelli M, Ciampi S. Luciferase-free Luciferin Electrochemiluminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209670. [PMID: 36169114 PMCID: PMC9828091 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Luciferin is one of Nature's most widespread luminophores, and enzymes that catalyze luciferin luminescence are the basis of successful commercial "glow" assays for gene expression and metabolic ATP formation. Herein we report an electrochemical method to promote firefly's luciferin luminescence in the absence of its natural biocatalyst-luciferase. We have gained experimental and computational insights on the mechanism of the enzyme-free luciferin electrochemiluminescence, demonstrated its spectral tuning from green to red by means of electrolyte engineering, proven that the colour change does not require, as still debated, a keto/enol isomerization of the light emitter, and gained evidence of the electrostatic-assisted stabilization of the charge-transfer excited state by double layer electric fields. Luciferin's electrochemiluminescence, as well as the in situ generation of fluorescent oxyluciferin, are applied towards an optical measurement of diffusion coefficients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Belotti
- School of Molecular and Life SciencesCurtin UniversityBentley6102Western AustraliaAustralia
| | - Mohsen M. T. El‐Tahawy
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”Università di BolognaBologna40136Emilia RomagnaItaly
- Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ScienceDamanhour UniversityDamanhour22511Egypt
| | - Li‐Juan Yu
- Research School of ChemistryAustralian National UniversityCanberra2601Australian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Isabella C. Russell
- Research School of ChemistryAustralian National UniversityCanberra2601Australian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Nadim Darwish
- School of Molecular and Life SciencesCurtin UniversityBentley6102Western AustraliaAustralia
| | - Michelle L. Coote
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and TechnologyCollege of Science and EngineeringFlinders UniversityBedford Park5042South AustraliaAustralia
| | - Marco Garavelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”Università di BolognaBologna40136Emilia RomagnaItaly
| | - Simone Ciampi
- School of Molecular and Life SciencesCurtin UniversityBentley6102Western AustraliaAustralia
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3
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Al-Handawi MB, Polavaram S, Kurlevskaya A, Commins P, Schramm S, Carrasco-López C, Lui NM, Solntsev KM, Laptenok SP, Navizet I, Naumov P. Spectrochemistry of Firefly Bioluminescence. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13207-13234. [PMID: 35926147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The chemical reactions underlying the emission of light in fireflies and other bioluminescent beetles are some of the most thoroughly studied processes by scientists worldwide. Despite these remarkable efforts, fierce academic arguments continue around even some of the most fundamental aspects of the reaction mechanism behind the beetle bioluminescence. In an attempt to reach a consensus, we made an exhaustive search of the available literature and compiled the key discoveries on the fluorescence and chemiluminescence spectrochemistry of the emitting molecule, the firefly oxyluciferin, and its chemical analogues reported over the past 50+ years. The factors that affect the light emission, including intermolecular interactions, solvent polarity, and electronic effects, were analyzed in the context of both the reaction mechanism and the different colors of light emitted by different luciferases. The collective data points toward a combined emission of multiple coexistent forms of oxyluciferin as the most probable explanation for the variation in color of the emitted light. We also highlight realistic research directions to eventually address some of the remaining questions related to firefly bioluminescence. It is our hope that this extensive compilation of data and detailed analysis will not only consolidate the existing body of knowledge on this important phenomenon but will also aid in reaching a wider consensus on some of the mechanistic details of firefly bioluminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieh B Al-Handawi
- Smart Materials Lab (SML), New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Srujana Polavaram
- Smart Materials Lab (SML), New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anastasiya Kurlevskaya
- Smart Materials Lab (SML), New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Patrick Commins
- Smart Materials Lab (SML), New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Stefan Schramm
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - César Carrasco-López
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Nathan M Lui
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Kyril M Solntsev
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Sergey P Laptenok
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Isabelle Navizet
- Univ. Gustave Eiffel, Univ. Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, UMR 8208, MSME, F-77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Panče Naumov
- Smart Materials Lab (SML), New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
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4
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Zhou JG, Yang S, Deng ZY, Leszczynski J. Relative Order of Acidity among Hydroxyl Groups of Oxyluciferin and Emission Light Colors in Aqueous Solution. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020; 397. [PMID: 32612342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The magnitude of the acidity of the oxyluciferin in water in the ground and excited state is investigated, and it is found for the first time using computational approach that the enol group of the phenol-enol species is the most acidic in the ground state, but the deprotonation of the phenol of the phenol-keto form is the most favored in the excited state. The relative order of the acidity among the hydroxyl groups in the oxyluciferin is attributed to the sequence of the O-H bond lengths in the enol and phenol group of the phenol-enol form, and the phenol group of the phenol-keto species. The mechanism of determining the dominant emissive species in the excited state is proposed, and the dependence of emission light colors on the photoexcitation energy is elucidated by the high relative concentration of six chemical forms in the ground state and the absorption efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ge Zhou
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Science, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Shan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Science, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Zhen-Yan Deng
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jerzy Leszczynski
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Science, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
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5
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Chung S, Choi SM, Rhee YM. Exploring the Possibility of Excited State Keto‐Enolate Transformation of the Oxyluciferin‐Luciferase Complex with QM/MM Free Energy Simulations. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyoung Chung
- Department of ChemistryPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Korea
| | - Sun Mi Choi
- Department of ChemistryPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Korea
| | - Young Min Rhee
- Department of ChemistryKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Korea
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6
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Cheng YY, Liu YJ. Theoretical Development of Near-Infrared Bioluminescent Systems. Chemistry 2018; 24:9340-9352. [PMID: 29710377 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The luciferin/luciferase system of the firefly has been used in bioluminescent imaging to monitor biological processes. In order to enhance the efficiency and expand the application range, some efforts have been made to tune the light emission, especially the effort to obtain NIR light. However, those case-by-case studies have not together revealed the nature and mechanism of the color tuning. In this paper, we theoretically investigated the fluorescence of all kinds of typical oxyluciferin analogues. The present systematical modifications of both oxyluciferin and luciferase indicate that the essential factor affecting the emission color is the charge distribution (or the electric dipole moment) on the oxyluciferin, which impacts on the charge transfer to form the light emitter and, subsequently, influence the strength and wavelength of the emission light. More negative charge distributed on the "thiazolone moiety" of the oxyluciferin or its analogues leads to a redshift. Based on this conclusion, we theoretically designed optimal pairs of luciferin analogue and luciferase for emitting NIR light, which could inspire new synthetic procedures and practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
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7
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Zhou JG, Yang S, Deng ZY. Electrostatic Catalysis Induced by Luciferases in the Decomposition of the Firefly Dioxetanone and Its Analogue. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:11053-11061. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b08000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ge Zhou
- Department of Physics,
Atmospheric Science, and Geoscience, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Shan Yang
- Department of Physics,
Atmospheric Science, and Geoscience, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Zhen-Yan Deng
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical
and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of
Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ya-Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical
and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of
Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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