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Cavallo V, Pruvost S, Gerard JF, Fina A. Dispersion of Cellulose Nanofibers in Methacrylate-Based Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3226. [PMID: 37571119 PMCID: PMC10421470 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(methylmethacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) (PMMA-co-MAA) polymers were prepared via cobalt-mediated free radical copolymerization and were characterized after synthesis. The synthesis led to a 98.5% conversion and a final ratio between the two units, MMA/MAA, was equal to 63:37 mol%. PMMA-co-MAA was then used as a matrix for cellulose-based nanocomposites to tailor filler compatibility, thanks to the presence of carboxylic groups capable of generating strong H-bonds with the cellulose surface. Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were dispersed using a solution with a mixture of two solvents to tailor compatibility of both the components. For this purpose, CNFs were successfully re-dispersed in methanol using the solvent exchange method and tetrahydrofuran/methanol mixtures at different ratios were used for the preparation of the films. Fully transparent films of PMMA-co-MAA + CNF were prepared up to 15 wt% of CNF with a good dispersion in the matrix. This dispersion state leads to the reinforcement of the polymethacrylate matrix, increasing its tensile strength whilst preserving optical transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cavallo
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, CEDEX, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France; (V.C.); (S.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, V.le Teresa Michel, 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Sébastien Pruvost
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, CEDEX, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France; (V.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Jean-François Gerard
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, CEDEX, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France; (V.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Alberto Fina
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, V.le Teresa Michel, 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
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Su P, Ran G, Wang H, Yue J, Kong Q, Bo Z, Zhang W. Intramolecular and Intermolecular Interaction Switching in the Aggregates of Perylene Diimide Trimer: Effect of Hydrophobicity. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073003. [PMID: 37049767 PMCID: PMC10095916 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The research on perylene diimide (PDI) aggregates effectively promotes their applications in organic photovoltaic solar cells and fluorescent sensors. In this paper, a PDI fabricated with three peripheral PDI units (N, N’-bis(6-undecyl) perylene-3,4,9,10-bis(dicarboximide)) is investigated. The trimer shows different absorption and fluorescence properties due to hydrophobicity when dissolved in the mixed solvent of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and water. Through comprehensive analysis of the fluorescence lifetime and transient absorption spectroscopic results, we concluded that the trimer underwent different excited state kinetic pathways with different concentrations of water in THF. When dissolved in pure THF solvent, both the intramolecular charge-transfer and excimer states are formed. When the water concentration increases from 0 to 50% (v/v), the formation time of the excimer state and its structural relaxation time are prolonged, illustrating the arising of the intermolecular excimer state. It is interesting to determine that the probability of the intramolecular charge-transfer pathway will first decrease and then increase as the speed of intermolecular excimer formation slows down. The two inflection points appear when the water concentration is above 10% and 40%. The results not only highlight the importance of hydrophobicity on the aggregate properties of PDI multimers but also guide the further design of PDI-based organic photovoltaic solar cells.
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Grabowska J, Blazquez S, Sanz E, Zerón IM, Algaba J, Míguez JM, Blas FJ, Vega C. Solubility of Methane in Water: Some Useful Results for Hydrate Nucleation. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:8553-8570. [PMID: 36222501 PMCID: PMC9623592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c04867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the solubility of methane in water along the 400 bar isobar is determined by computer simulations using the TIP4P/Ice force field for water and a simple LJ model for methane. In particular, the solubility of methane in water when in contact with the gas phase and the solubility of methane in water when in contact with the hydrate has been determined. The solubility of methane in a gas-liquid system decreases as temperature increases. The solubility of methane in a hydrate-liquid system increases with temperature. The two curves intersect at a certain temperature that determines the triple point T3 at a certain pressure. We also determined T3 by the three-phase direct coexistence method. The results of both methods agree, and we suggest 295(2) K as the value of T3 for this system. We also analyzed the impact of curvature on the solubility of methane in water. We found that the presence of curvature increases the solubility in both the gas-liquid and hydrate-liquid systems. The change in chemical potential for the formation of hydrate is evaluated along the isobar using two different thermodynamic routes, obtaining good agreement between them. It is shown that the driving force for hydrate nucleation under experimental conditions is higher than that for the formation of pure ice when compared at the same supercooling. We also show that supersaturation (i.e., concentrations above those of the planar interface) increases the driving force for nucleation dramatically. The effect of bubbles can be equivalent to that of an additional supercooling of about 20 K. Having highly supersaturated homogeneous solutions makes possible the spontaneous formation of the hydrate at temperatures as high as 285 K (i.e., 10K below T3). The crucial role of the concentration of methane for hydrate formation is clearly revealed. Nucleation of the hydrate can be either impossible or easy and fast depending on the concentration of methane which seems to play the leading role in the understanding of the kinetics of hydrate formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Grabowska
- Departamento
Química Física I, Fac. Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and BioTechMed Center, Gdansk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Samuel Blazquez
- Departamento
Química Física I, Fac. Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Sanz
- Departamento
Química Física I, Fac. Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván M. Zerón
- Laboratorio
de Simulación Molecular y Química Computacional, CIQSO-Centro
de Investigación en Química Sostenible and Departamento
de Ciencias Integradas, Universidad de Huelva, 21006 Huelva, Spain
| | - Jesús Algaba
- Laboratorio
de Simulación Molecular y Química Computacional, CIQSO-Centro
de Investigación en Química Sostenible and Departamento
de Ciencias Integradas, Universidad de Huelva, 21006 Huelva, Spain
| | - José Manuel Míguez
- Laboratorio
de Simulación Molecular y Química Computacional, CIQSO-Centro
de Investigación en Química Sostenible and Departamento
de Ciencias Integradas, Universidad de Huelva, 21006 Huelva, Spain
| | - Felipe J. Blas
- Laboratorio
de Simulación Molecular y Química Computacional, CIQSO-Centro
de Investigación en Química Sostenible and Departamento
de Ciencias Integradas, Universidad de Huelva, 21006 Huelva, Spain
| | - Carlos Vega
- Departamento
Química Física I, Fac. Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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widom and extrema lines as CRITERIA for OPTIMIZING operating conditions IN supercritical processes. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Korotkevich AA, Bakker HJ. Confined Water Molecules in Binary Mixtures of Water and 2,6-Lutidine Near Lower Solution Critical Temperature. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:287-296. [PMID: 33370126 PMCID: PMC7816194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c09363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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We study the concentration and temperature dependence of the reorientation
dynamics of water molecules in binary mixtures of water and 2,6-lutidine
below the lower solution critical temperature (LSCT) with femtosecond
mid-infrared pump–probe spectroscopy. The measurements reveal
the presence of water molecules interacting with both the hydrophobic
groups of lutidine and forming
a hydrogen bond with the nitrogen atom of lutidine. Both types of
molecules show a strongly decreased rotational mobility in comparison
to bulk water. From the temperature dependence of the slow water fraction,
we conclude that the lutidine molecules form clusters that decrease
in size when the temperature is decreased further below the LSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huib J Bakker
- AMOLF, Science Park 104, Amsterdam 1098 XG, The Netherlands
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Koch R, Metz PC, Jaime O, Vargas-Consuelos CI, Borja-Urby R, Ko JYP, Cahill JT, Edwards D, Vasquez VR, Graeve OA, Misture ST. Nanodomains and local structure in ternary alkaline-earth hexaborides. J Appl Crystallogr 2018. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576718012657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The local structures of ternary alkaline-earth hexaborides (MB6, M = Ca0.5Sr0.5, Ca0.5Ba0.5 and Sr0.5Ba0.5) have been analysed using X-ray pair distribution function (PDF) analysis, Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show significant local deviations from the average cubic structure within the boron sub-lattice and support the conclusion that rapid synthesis processes lead to the formation of coherent nanodomains over length scales of about 10 nm. Reverse Monte Carlo fitting of the PDFs allows for quantification of the displacement disorder within the boron sub-lattice as a function of sample composition. Detailed Raman spectroscopy studies and high-resolution TEM support the models derived from X-ray scattering. The average magnitude of the static displacement disorder varies by sample composition and positively correlates with the cation radius ratios across the three compositions. The new models form a foundation for future computational and experimental studies aimed at understanding and predicting properties of hexaborides.
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Garrido JM, Cartes M, Mejía A, Algaba J, Míguez JM, Blas FJ, Bravo IMV, Piñeiro MM. Measurement and modeling of high pressure density and interfacial tension of carbon dioxide + tetrahydrofuran mixture. J Supercrit Fluids 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Schmidt KM, Vasquez VR. A generalized method for the inversion of cohesive energy curves from isotropic and anisotropic lattice expansions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:23423-37. [PMID: 26291033 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03792a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cohesive energy curves contain important information about energetics of atomic interactions in crystalline materials, and these are more often obtained using ab initio methods such as density functional theory. Decomposing these curves into the different interatomic contributions is of great value to evaluate and characterize the energetics of specific types of atom-atom interactions. In this work, we present and discuss a generalized method for the inversion of cohesive energy curves of crystalline materials for pairwise interatomic potentials extraction using detailed geometrical descriptions of the atomic interactions to construct a list of atomic displacements and degeneracies, which is modified using a Gaussian elimination process to isolate the pairwise interactions. The proposed method provides a more general framework for cohesive energy inversions that is robust and accurate for systems well-described by pairwise potential interactions. Results show very good reproduction of cohesive energies with the same or better accuracy than current approaches with the advantage that the method has broader applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Schmidt
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
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