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Rajput SK, Mothika VS. Powders to Thin Films: Advances in Conjugated Microporous Polymer Chemical Sensors. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300730. [PMID: 38407503 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Chemical sensing of harmful species released either from natural or anthropogenic activities is critical to ensuring human safety and health. Over the last decade, conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have been proven to be potential sensor materials with the possibility of realizing sensing devices for practical applications. CMPs found to be unique among other porous materials such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) due to their high chemical/thermal stability, high surface area, microporosity, efficient host-guest interactions with the analyte, efficient exciton migration along the π-conjugated chains, and tailorable structure to target specific analytes. Several CMP-based optical, electrochemical, colorimetric, and ratiometric sensors with excellent selectivity and sensing performance were reported. This review comprehensively discusses the advances in CMP chemical sensors (powders and thin films) in the detection of nitroaromatic explosives, chemical warfare agents, anions, metal ions, biomolecules, iodine, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), with simultaneous delineation of design strategy principles guiding the selectivity and sensitivity of CMP. Preceding this, various photophysical mechanisms responsible for chemical sensing are discussed in detail for convenience. Finally, future challenges to be addressed in the field of CMP chemical sensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Kumar Rajput
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Venkata Suresh Mothika
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
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2
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The Effect of halo-substituents on physical properties based on 1,3,5-triarylbenzenes: synthesis, crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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3
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Abedini A, Crabtree E, Bara JE, Turner CH. Molecular analysis of selective gas adsorption within composites of ionic polyimides and ionic liquids as gas separation membranes. Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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4
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Kaija AR, Wilmer CE. High-Pressure Methane Adsorption in Porous Lennard-Jones Crystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:4275-4281. [PMID: 29983053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Decades of research have yet to yield porous adsorbents that meet the U.S. Department of Energy's methane storage targets. To better understand why, we calculated high-pressure methane adsorption in 600 000 randomly generated porous crystals, or "pseudomaterials," using atomistic grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. These pseudomaterials were periodic configurations of Lennard-Jones spheres whose coordinates in space, along with corresponding well depths and radii, were all chosen at random. GCMC simulations were performed for pressures of 35 and 65 bar at a temperature of 298 K. Methane adsorption was compared for all materials against a range of other properties: average well depths and radii, number density, helium void fraction, and volumetric surface area. The results reveal structure-property relationships that resemble those previously observed for metal-organic frameworks and other porous materials. We contend that our computational methodology can be useful for discovering useful structure-property relationships related to gas adsorption without requiring experimentally accessible structural data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec R Kaija
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering , University of Pittsburgh , 3700 O'Hara Street , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15261 , United States
| | - Christopher E Wilmer
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering , University of Pittsburgh , 3700 O'Hara Street , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15261 , United States
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5
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Kupgan G, Abbott LJ, Hart KE, Colina CM. Modeling Amorphous Microporous Polymers for CO2 Capture and Separations. Chem Rev 2018; 118:5488-5538. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Grit Kupgan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Lauren J. Abbott
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Kyle E. Hart
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Coray M. Colina
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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6
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Karak S, Kumar S, Pachfule P, Banerjee R. Porosity Prediction through Hydrogen Bonding in Covalent Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:5138-5145. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suvendu Karak
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110001, India
- Physical/Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Physical/Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Pradip Pachfule
- Physical/Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Rahul Banerjee
- Physical/Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
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7
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Shao L, Li Y, Huang J, Liu YN. Synthesis of Triazine-Based Porous Organic Polymers Derived N-Enriched Porous Carbons for CO2 Capture. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lishu Shao
- College of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient
and Clean Utilization of Manganese Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yong Li
- College of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient
and Clean Utilization of Manganese Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jianhan Huang
- College of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient
and Clean Utilization of Manganese Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - You-Nian Liu
- College of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient
and Clean Utilization of Manganese Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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8
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Castaldo R, Gentile G, Avella M, Carfagna C, Ambrogi V. Microporous Hyper-Crosslinked Polystyrenes and Nanocomposites with High Adsorption Properties: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9120651. [PMID: 30965952 PMCID: PMC6418941 DOI: 10.3390/polym9120651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyper-crosslinked (HCL) polystyrenes show outstanding properties, such as high specific surface area and adsorption capability. Several researches have been recently focused on tailoring their performance for specific applications, such as gas adsorption and separation, energy storage, air and water purification processes, and catalysis. In this review, main strategies for the realization of HCL polystyrene-based materials with advanced properties are reported, including a summary of the synthetic routes that are adopted for their realization and the chemical modification approaches that are used to impart them specific functionalities. Moreover, the most up to date results on the synthesis of HCL polystyrene-based nanocomposites that are realized by embedding these high surface area polymers with metal, metal oxide, and carbon-based nanofillers are discussed in detail, underlining the high potential applicability of these systems in different fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Castaldo
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Gennaro Gentile
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Avella
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Cosimo Carfagna
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Veronica Ambrogi
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
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9
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Chen A, Zhao M, Zhuo Y, Chai Y, Yuan R. Hollow Porous Polymeric Nanospheres of a Self-Enhanced Ruthenium Complex with Improved Electrochemiluminescent Efficiency for Ultrasensitive Aptasensor Construction. Anal Chem 2017; 89:9232-9238. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent
and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry
of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent
and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry
of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ying Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent
and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry
of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yaqin Chai
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent
and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry
of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ruo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent
and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry
of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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10
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Gupta S, Kaleeswaran D, Nandi S, Vaidhyanathan R, Murugavel R. Bulky Isopropyl Group Loaded Tetraaryl Pyrene Based Azo-Linked Covalent Organic Polymer for Nitroaromatics Sensing and CO 2 Adsorption. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:3572-3582. [PMID: 31457676 PMCID: PMC6641411 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
An azo-linked covalent organic polymer, Py-azo-COP, was synthesized by employing a highly blue-fluorescent pyrene derivative that is multiply substituted with bulky isopropyl groups. Py-azo-COP was investigated for its sensing and gas adsorption properties. Py-azo-COP shows selective sensing toward the electron-deficient polynitroaromatic compound picric acid among the many other competing analogs that were investigated. Apart from its chemosensing ability, Py-azo-COP (surface area 700 m2 g-1) exhibits moderate selectivity toward adsorption of CO2 and stores up to 8.5 wt % of CO2 at 1 bar and 18.2 wt % at 15.5 bar at 273 K, although this is limited due to the electron-rich -N=N- linkages being flanked by isopropyl groups. Furthermore, the presence of a large number of isopropyl groups imparts hydrophobicity to Py-azo-COP, as confirmed by the increased adsorption of toluene compared to that of water in the pores of the COP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep
K. Gupta
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - Dhananjayan Kaleeswaran
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - Shyamapada Nandi
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Ramanathan Vaidhyanathan
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Ramaswamy Murugavel
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
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11
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Chaukura N, Mamba BB, Mishra SB. Conversion of post consumer waste polystyrene into a high value adsorbent and its sorptive properties for Congo Red removal from aqueous solution. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 193:280-289. [PMID: 28232242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using post-consumer waste polystyrene (WPS), a conjugated microporous polymer (CMP) was synthesised and activated into a sulphonic-group carrying resin (SCMP). The surface chemistry of the materials showed a decline in both the aromatic CH and aliphatic CH2 stretching vibrations confirming successful crosslinking. The synthesised polymers were thermally stable with decomposition temperatures above 300 °C, had surface heterogeneity, and BET surface areas of 752 and 510 m2/g, respectively. A distribution of pores ranging from meso- to micro-pores was comparable to other CMPs. The materials had maximum adsorption capacities of 500 and 357 mg/g for Congo Red (CR) on CMP and SCMP, respectively. Converting waste polystyrene to an adsorbent is a cost effective way of handling waste and simultaneously providing material for wastewater remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhamo Chaukura
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, College of Engineering, Science and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Bhekie B Mamba
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, College of Engineering, Science and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shivani B Mishra
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, College of Engineering, Science and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
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12
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Shen C, Yan J, Deng G, Zhang B, Wang Z. Synthetic modulation of micro- and mesopores in polycyanurate networks for adsorptions of gases and organic hydrocarbons. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py02050j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic modulation of pores sizes in polycyanurates from 1.17 to 17.3 nm was achieved by varying geometrical shape, size and number of functional groups of monomers. The relationships between porous structure and adsorptions of gases and organic hydrocarbons were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Polymer Science and Materials
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
| | - Jun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Polymer Science and Materials
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
| | - Gaoyang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Polymer Science and Materials
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
| | - Biao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Polymer Science and Materials
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
| | - Zhonggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Polymer Science and Materials
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
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13
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Hu X. Novel fluorescent porous hyperbranched aromatic polyamide containing 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene moieties: Synthesis and characterization. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry; Baoji Shaanxi 721013 People's Republic of China
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14
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Meng B, Li H, Mahurin S, Liu H, Dai S. Hyper-crosslinked cyclodextrin porous polymer: an efficient CO2 capturing material with tunable porosity. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18307g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Several cyclodextrin (CD)-based hyper-crosslinked porous polymers (HCPPs) were designed and synthesized for selective CO2 adsorption and storage. A feasible way to tailor the porosity of the materials was also established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Meng
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
| | - Haiying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
- Chemical Sciences Division
| | | | - Honglai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Sheng Dai
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
- Chemical Sciences Division
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