1
|
Min S, Baek J, Kim J, Jeong HJ, Chung J, Jeong K. Water-Compatible and Recyclable Heterogeneous SABRE Catalyst for NMR Signal Amplification. JACS AU 2023; 3:2912-2917. [PMID: 37885596 PMCID: PMC10598823 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
A water-compatible and recyclable catalyst for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) hyperpolarization via signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) was developed. The [Ir(COD)(IMes)Cl] catalyst was attached to a polymeric resin of bis(2-pyridyl)amine (heterogeneous SABRE catalyst, HET-SABRE catalyst), and it amplified the 1H NMR signal of pyridine up to (-) 4455-fold (43.2%) at 1.4 T in methanol and (-) 50-fold (0.5%) in water. These are the highest amplification factors ever reported among HET-SABRE catalysts and for the first time in aqueous media. Moreover, the HET-SABRE catalyst demonstrated recyclability by retaining its activity in water after more than three uses. This newly designed polymeric resin-based heterogeneous catalyst shows great promise for NMR signal amplification for biomedical NMR and MRI applications in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sein Min
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul 01797, South Korea
| | - Juhee Baek
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul 01797, South Korea
| | - Jisu Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul 01797, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Jeong
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Jean Chung
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Keunhong Jeong
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea Military Academy, Seoul 01805, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Peters JP, Brahms A, Janicaud V, Anikeeva M, Peschke E, Ellermann F, Ferrari A, Hellmold D, Held-Feindt J, Kim NM, Meiser J, Aden K, Herges R, Hövener JB, Pravdivtsev AN. Nitrogen-15 dynamic nuclear polarization of nicotinamide derivatives in biocompatible solutions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd3643. [PMID: 37611105 PMCID: PMC10446501 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add3643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dDNP) increases the sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging by more than 10,000 times, enabling in vivo metabolic imaging to be performed noninvasively in real time. Here, we are developing a group of dDNP polarized tracers based on nicotinamide (NAM). We synthesized 1-15N-NAM and 1-15N nicotinic acid and hyperpolarized them with dDNP, reaching (13.0 ± 1.9)% 15N polarization. We found that the lifetime of hyperpolarized 1-15N-NAM is strongly field- and pH-dependent, with T1 being as long as 41 s at a pH of 12 and 1 T while as short as a few seconds at neutral pH and fields below 1 T. The remarkably short 1-15N lifetime at low magnetic fields and neutral pH drove us to establish a unique pH neutralization procedure. Using 15N dDNP and an inexpensive rodent imaging probe designed in-house, we acquired a 15N MRI of 1-15N-NAM (previously hyperpolarized for more than an hour) in less than 1 s.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josh P. Peters
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Arne Brahms
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto-Hahn Platz 4, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Vivian Janicaud
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Maria Anikeeva
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Eva Peschke
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Frowin Ellermann
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Arianna Ferrari
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Dana Hellmold
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, House D, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Janka Held-Feindt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, House D, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Na-mi Kim
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Johannes Meiser
- Cancer Metabolism Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 6A Rue Nicolas-Ernest Barblé, 1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Konrad Aden
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto-Hahn Platz 4, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrey N. Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ellermann F, Sirbu A, Brahms A, Assaf C, Herges R, Hövener JB, Pravdivtsev AN. Spying on parahydrogen-induced polarization transfer using a half-tesla benchtop MRI and hyperpolarized imaging enabled by automation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4774. [PMID: 37553405 PMCID: PMC10409769 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40539-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear spin hyperpolarization is a quantum effect that enhances the nuclear magnetic resonance signal by several orders of magnitude and has enabled real-time metabolic imaging in humans. However, the translation of hyperpolarization technology into routine use in laboratories and medical centers is hampered by the lack of portable, cost-effective polarizers that are not commercially available. Here, we present a portable, automated polarizer based on parahydrogen-induced hyperpolarization (PHIP) at an intermediate magnetic field of 0.5 T (achieved by permanent magnets). With a footprint of 1 m2, we demonstrate semi-continuous, fully automated 1H hyperpolarization of ethyl acetate-d6 and ethyl pyruvate-d6 to P = 14.4% and 16.2%, respectively, and a 13C polarization of 1-13C-ethyl pyruvate-d6 of P = 7%. The duty cycle for preparing a dose is no more than 1 min. To reveal the full potential of 1H hyperpolarization in an inhomogeneous magnetic field, we convert the anti-phase PHIP signals into in-phase peaks, thereby increasing the SNR by a factor of 5. Using a spin-echo approach allowed us to observe the evolution of spin order distribution in real time while conserving the expensive reagents for reaction monitoring, imaging and potential in vivo usage. This compact polarizer will allow us to pursue the translation of hyperpolarized MRI towards in vivo applications further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frowin Ellermann
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Aidan Sirbu
- Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Arne Brahms
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto- Hahn Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Charbel Assaf
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto- Hahn Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrey N Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Put P, Alcicek S, Bondar O, Bodek Ł, Duckett S, Pustelny S. Detection of pyridine derivatives by SABRE hyperpolarization at zero field. Commun Chem 2023; 6:131. [PMID: 37349558 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00928-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful analytical tool used in modern science and technology. Its novel incarnation, based on measurements of NMR signals without external magnetic fields, provides direct access to intramolecular interactions based on heteronuclear scalar J-coupling. The uniqueness of these interactions makes each zero-field NMR spectrum distinct and useful in chemical fingerprinting. However, the necessity of heteronuclear coupling often results in weak signals due to the low abundance of certain nuclei (e.g., 15N). Hyperpolarization of such compounds may solve the problem. In this work, we investigate molecules with natural isotopic abundance that are polarized using non-hydrogenative parahydrogen-induced polarization. We demonstrate that spectra of hyperpolarized naturally abundant pyridine derivatives can be observed and uniquely identified whether the same substituent is placed at a different position of the pyridine ring or different constituents are placed at the same position. To do so, we constructed an experimental system using a home-built nitrogen vapor condenser, which allows for consistent long-term measurements, crucial for identifying naturally abundant hyperpolarized molecules at a concentration level of ~1 mM. This opens avenues for future chemical detection of naturally abundant compounds using zero-field NMR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Put
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Kraków, 30-348, Poland.
| | - Seyma Alcicek
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Kraków, 30-348, Poland.
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Institute of Neuroradiology, Frankfurt am Main, 60528, Germany.
| | - Oksana Bondar
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Kraków, 30-348, Poland
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Łukasz Bodek
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Kraków, 30-348, Poland
| | - Simon Duckett
- Centre for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM), University of York, Heslington, YO10 5NY, UK
| | - Szymon Pustelny
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Kraków, 30-348, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kiryutin AS, Yurkovskaya AV, Petrov PA, Ivanov KL. Simultaneous 15 N polarization of several biocompatible substrates in ethanol-water mixtures by signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) method. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2021; 59:1216-1224. [PMID: 34085303 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) is a popular method for generating strong signal enhancements in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In SABRE experiments, the source of polarization is provided by the nonthermal spin order of parahydrogen (pH2 , the H2 molecule in its nuclear singlet spin state). Polarization formation requires that both pH2 and a substrate molecule bind to an Ir-based complex where polarization transfer occurs. Subsequently, the complex dissociates and free polarized substrate molecules are formed. In this work, we present approaches towards biocompatible SABRE, meaning that several small biomolecules are simultaneously polarized by using the SABRE method in water-ethanol solutions at room temperature. We are able to demonstrate significant 15 N-NMR signal enhancements in water-ethanol solutions for biomolecules like nicotinamide, metronidazole, adenosine-5'-monophosphate, and 4-methylimidazole and found that the first three substrates are polarized at the same level as a well-known pyridine. We show that simultaneous polarization of several molecules is indeed feasible when the reactions are carried out at an ultralow field of about 400-500 nT. The achieved enhancements are between 100-fold and 15,000-fold. The resulting 15 N polarization (maximal value about 4% achieved for metronidazole and pyridine at 45°C) strongly depends on the sample temperature, pH2 bubbling pressure, and pH2 flow. One more parameter, which is important for optimizing the enhancement, is the solvent pH. Hence, this study presents a step in developing biocompatible SABRE polarization and gives a clue on how such SABRE experiments should be optimized to achieve the highest NMR signal enhancement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey S Kiryutin
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexandra V Yurkovskaya
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Pavel A Petrov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Konstantin L Ivanov
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Blanchard JW, Ripka B, Suslick BA, Gelevski D, Wu T, Münnemann K, Barskiy DA, Budker D. Towards large-scale steady-state enhanced nuclear magnetization with in situ detection. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2021; 59:1208-1215. [PMID: 33826170 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) boosts NMR signals of various nuclei enabling new applications spanning from magnetic resonance imaging to analytical chemistry and fundamental physics. SABRE is especially well positioned for continuous generation of enhanced magnetization on a large scale; however, several challenges need to be addressed for accomplishing this goal. Specifically, SABRE requires (i) a specialized catalyst capable of reversible H2 activation and (ii) physical transfer of the sample from the point of magnetization generation to the point of detection (e.g., a high-field or a benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] spectrometer). Moreover, (iii) continuous parahydrogen bubbling accelerates solvent (e.g., methanol) evaporation, thereby limiting the experimental window to tens of minutes per sample. In this work, we demonstrate a strategy to rapidly generate the best-to-date precatalyst (a compound that is chemically modified in the course of the reaction to yield the catalyst) for SABRE, [Ir(IMes)(COD)Cl] (IMes = 1,3-bis-[2,4,6-trimethylphenyl]-imidazol-2-ylidene; COD = cyclooctadiene) via a highly accessible synthesis. Second, we measure hyperpolarized samples using a home-built zero-field NMR spectrometer and study the field dependence of hyperpolarization directly in the detection apparatus, eliminating the need to physically move the sample during the experiment. Finally, we prolong the measurement time and reduce evaporation by presaturating parahydrogen with the solvent vapor before bubbling into the sample. These advancements extend opportunities for exploring SABRE hyperpolarization by researchers from various fields and pave the way to producing large quantities of hyperpolarized material for long-lasting detection of SABRE-derived nuclear magnetization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John W Blanchard
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research GmbH, Mainz, Germany
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, Ulm, Germany
| | - Barbara Ripka
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Benjamin A Suslick
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Dario Gelevski
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Teng Wu
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research GmbH, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kerstin Münnemann
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Process Engineering, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Danila A Barskiy
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research GmbH, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research GmbH, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rayner PJ, Gillions JP, Hannibal VD, John RO, Duckett SB. Hyperpolarisation of weakly binding N-heterocycles using signal amplification by reversible exchange. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5910-5917. [PMID: 34168816 PMCID: PMC8179664 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06907h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE) is a catalytic method for improving the detection of molecules by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. It achieves this by simultaneously binding the target substrate (sub) and para-hydrogen to a metal centre. To date, sterically large substrates are relatively inaccessible to SABRE due to their weak binding leading to catalyst destabilisation. We overcome this problem here through a simple co-ligand strategy that allows the hyperpolarisation of a range of weakly binding and sterically encumbered N-heterocycles. The resulting 1H NMR signal size is increased by up to 1400 times relative to their more usual Boltzmann controlled levels at 400 MHz. Hence, a significant reduction in scan time is achieved. The SABRE catalyst in these systems takes the form [IrX(H)2(NHC)(sulfoxide)(sub)] where X = Cl, Br or I. These complexes are shown to undergo very rapid ligand exchange and lower temperatures dramatically improve the efficiency of these SABRE catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Rayner
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM), Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Joseph P Gillions
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM), Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Valentin D Hannibal
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM), Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Richard O John
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM), Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Simon B Duckett
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM), Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Müller CA, Hundshammer C, Braeuer M, Skinner JG, Berner S, Leupold J, Düwel S, Nekolla SG, Månsson S, Hansen AE, von Elverfeldt D, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Schilling F, Schwaiger M, Hennig J, Hövener JB. Dynamic 2D and 3D mapping of hyperpolarized pyruvate to lactate conversion in vivo with efficient multi-echo balanced steady-state free precession at 3 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 33:e4291. [PMID: 32154970 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to acquire the transient MRI signal of hyperpolarized tracers and their metabolites efficiently, for which specialized imaging sequences are required. In this work, a multi-echo balanced steady-state free precession (me-bSSFP) sequence with Iterative Decomposition with Echo Asymmetry and Least squares estimation (IDEAL) reconstruction was implemented on a clinical 3 T positron-emission tomography/MRI system for fast 2D and 3D metabolic imaging. Simulations were conducted to obtain signal-efficient sequence protocols for the metabolic imaging of hyperpolarized biomolecules. The sequence was applied in vitro and in vivo for probing the enzymatic exchange of hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate and [1-13 C]lactate. Chemical shift resolution was achieved using a least-square, iterative chemical species separation algorithm in the reconstruction. In vitro, metabolic conversion rate measurements from me-bSSFP were compared with NMR spectroscopy and free induction decay-chemical shift imaging (FID-CSI). In vivo, a rat MAT-B-III tumor model was imaged with me-bSSFP and FID-CSI. 2D metabolite maps of [1-13 C]pyruvate and [1-13 C]lactate acquired with me-bSSFP showed the same spatial distributions as FID-CSI. The pyruvate-lactate conversion kinetics measured with me-bSSFP and NMR corresponded well. Dynamic 2D metabolite mapping with me-bSSFP enabled the acquisition of up to 420 time frames (scan time: 180-350 ms/frame) before the hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate was relaxed below noise level. 3D metabolite mapping with a large field of view (180 × 180 × 48 mm3 ) and high spatial resolution (5.6 × 5.6 × 2 mm3 ) was conducted with me-bSSFP in a scan time of 8.2 seconds. It was concluded that Me-bSSFP improves the spatial and temporal resolution for metabolic imaging of hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate and [1-13 C]lactate compared with either of the FID-CSI or EPSI methods reported at 3 T, providing new possibilities for clinical and preclinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph A Müller
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partnersite Freiburg, German Center for Cancer Research (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Hundshammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Miriam Braeuer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Jason G Skinner
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Berner
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partnersite Freiburg, German Center for Cancer Research (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jochen Leupold
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Düwel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan G Nekolla
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Månsson
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Adam E Hansen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dominik von Elverfeldt
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Franz Schilling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hennig
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pravdivtsev AN, Sönnichsen FD, Hövener J. Continuous Radio Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation using Parahydrogen Induced Polarization (PHIP-RASER) at 14 Tesla. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:667-672. [PMID: 31898393 PMCID: PMC7187451 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201901056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is an intriguing quantum-mechanical effect that is used for routine medical diagnostics and chemical analysis alike. Numerous advancements have contributed to the success of the technique, including hyperpolarized contrast agents that enable real-time imaging of metabolism in vivo. Herein, we report the finding of an NMR radio amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (RASER), which continuously emits 1 H NMR signal for more than 10 min. Using parahydrogen induced hyperpolarization (PHIP) with 50 % para-hydrogen, we demonstrated the effect at 600 MHz but expect that it is functional across a wide range of frequencies, e.g. 101 -103 MHz. PHIP-RASER occurs spontaneously or can be triggered with a standard NMR excitation. Full chemical shift resolution was maintained, and a linewidth of 0.6 ppb was achieved. The effect was reproduced by simulations using a weakly coupled, two spin- 1 / 2 system. All devices used were standard issue, such that the effect can be reproduced by any NMR lab worldwide with access to liquid nitrogen for producing parahydrogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey N. Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC) Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology University Medical Center KielKiel UniversityAm Botanischen Garten 1424114KielGermany
| | - Frank D. Sönnichsen
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic ChemistryKiel UniversityOtto Hahn Platz 524098KielGermany
| | - Jan‐Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC) Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology University Medical Center KielKiel UniversityAm Botanischen Garten 1424114KielGermany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
TomHon P, Akeroyd E, Lehmkuhl S, Chekmenev EY, Theis T. Automated pneumatic shuttle for magnetic field cycling and parahydrogen hyperpolarized multidimensional NMR. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2020; 312:106700. [PMID: 32092678 PMCID: PMC7450533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a simple-to-implement pneumatic sample shuttle for automation of magnetic field cycling and multidimensional NMR. The shuttle system is robust allowing automation of hyperpolarized and non-hyperpolarized measurements, including variable field lifetime measurements, SABRE polarization optimization, and SABRE multidimensional experiments. Relaxation-protected singlet states are evaluated by variable-field T1 and TS measurements. Automated shuttling facilitates characterization of hyperpolarization dynamics, field dependence and polarization buildup rates. Furthermore, reproducible hyperpolarization levels at every shuttling event enables automated 2D hyperpolarized NMR, including the first inverse 15N/1H HSQC. We uncover binding mechanisms of the catalytic species through cross peaks that are not accessible in standard one-dimensional hyperpolarized experiments. The simple design of the shuttling setup interfaced with standard TTL signals allows easy adaptation to any standard NMR magnet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick TomHon
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, United States
| | - Evan Akeroyd
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, United States
| | - Sören Lehmkuhl
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, United States
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, MI 48202, United States; Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, United States; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pravdivtsev AN, Hövener JB. Coherent polarization transfer in chemically exchanging systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:8963-8972. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06873b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Simulation of the interplay of coherent polarization transfer and chemical exchange described by superoperators and Monte Carlo simulations alike.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey N. Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging
- Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC)
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology
- University Medical Center Kiel
- Kiel University
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging
- Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC)
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology
- University Medical Center Kiel
- Kiel University
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hill-Casey F, Sakho A, Mohammed A, Rossetto M, Ahwal F, Duckett SB, John RO, Richardson PM, Virgo R, Halse ME. In Situ SABRE Hyperpolarization with Earth's Field NMR Detection. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224126. [PMID: 31739621 PMCID: PMC6891519 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarization methods, which increase the sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have the potential to expand the range of applications of these powerful analytical techniques and to enable the use of smaller and cheaper devices. The signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) method is of particular interest because it is relatively low-cost, straight-forward to implement, produces high-levels of renewable signal enhancement, and can be interfaced with low-cost and portable NMR detectors. In this work, we demonstrate an in situ approach to SABRE hyperpolarization that can be achieved using a simple, commercially-available Earth’s field NMR detector to provide 1H polarization levels of up to 3.3%. This corresponds to a signal enhancement over the Earth’s magnetic field by a factor of ε > 2 × 108. The key benefit of our approach is that it can be used to directly probe the polarization transfer process at the heart of the SABRE technique. In particular, we demonstrate the use of in situ hyperpolarization to observe the activation of the SABRE catalyst, the build-up of signal in the polarization transfer field (PTF), the dependence of the hyperpolarization level on the strength of the PTF, and the rate of decay of the hyperpolarization in the ultra-low-field regime.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fraser Hill-Casey
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK; (F.H.-C.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (M.R.); (P.M.R.); (R.V.)
| | - Aminata Sakho
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK; (F.H.-C.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (M.R.); (P.M.R.); (R.V.)
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NY, UK; (F.A.); (S.B.D.); (R.O.J.)
| | - Ahmed Mohammed
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK; (F.H.-C.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (M.R.); (P.M.R.); (R.V.)
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NY, UK; (F.A.); (S.B.D.); (R.O.J.)
| | - Matheus Rossetto
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK; (F.H.-C.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (M.R.); (P.M.R.); (R.V.)
| | - Fadi Ahwal
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NY, UK; (F.A.); (S.B.D.); (R.O.J.)
| | - Simon B. Duckett
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NY, UK; (F.A.); (S.B.D.); (R.O.J.)
| | - Richard O. John
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NY, UK; (F.A.); (S.B.D.); (R.O.J.)
| | - Peter M. Richardson
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK; (F.H.-C.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (M.R.); (P.M.R.); (R.V.)
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NY, UK; (F.A.); (S.B.D.); (R.O.J.)
| | - Robin Virgo
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK; (F.H.-C.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (M.R.); (P.M.R.); (R.V.)
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NY, UK; (F.A.); (S.B.D.); (R.O.J.)
| | - Meghan E. Halse
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK; (F.H.-C.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (M.R.); (P.M.R.); (R.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1904-322853
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lindale JR, Tanner CPN, Eriksson SL, Warren WS. Decoupled LIGHT-SABRE variants allow hyperpolarization of asymmetric SABRE systems at an arbitrary field. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2019; 307:106577. [PMID: 31454701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.106577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange, or SABRE, uses the singlet-order of parahydrogen to generate hyperpolarized signals on target nuclei, bypassing the limitations of traditional magnetic resonance. Experiments performed directly in the magnet provide a route to generate large magnetizations continuously without having to field-cycle the sample. For heteronuclear SABRE, these high-field methods have been restricted to the few SABRE complexes that exhibit efficient exchange with symmetric ligand environments as co-ligands induce chemical shift differences between the parahydrogen-derived hydrides, destroying the hyperpolarized spin order. Through careful consideration of the underlying spin physics, we introduce 1H decoupled LIGHT-SABRE pulse sequence variants which bypasses this limitation, drastically expanding the scope of heteronuclear SABRE at high field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Lindale
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | | | - Shannon L Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States; School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Warren S Warren
- Departments of Physics, Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Barskiy DA, Knecht S, Yurkovskaya AV, Ivanov KL. SABRE: Chemical kinetics and spin dynamics of the formation of hyperpolarization. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 114-115:33-70. [PMID: 31779885 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we present the physical principles of the SABRE (Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange) method. SABRE is a promising hyperpolarization technique that enhances NMR signals by transferring spin order from parahydrogen (an isomer of the H2 molecule that is in a singlet nuclear spin state) to a substrate that is to be polarized. Spin order transfer takes place in a transient organometallic complex which binds both parahydrogen and substrate molecules; after dissociation of the SABRE complex, free hyperpolarized substrate molecules are accumulated in solution. An advantage of this method is that the substrate is not modified chemically, and its polarization can be regenerated multiple times by bubbling fresh parahydrogen through the solution. Thus, SABRE requires two key ingredients: (i) polarization transfer and (ii) chemical exchange of both parahydrogen and substrate. While there are several excellent reviews on applications of SABRE, the background of the method is discussed less frequently. In this review we aim to explain in detail how SABRE hyperpolarization is formed, focusing on key aspects of both spin dynamics and chemical kinetics, as well as on the interplay between them. Hence, we first cover the known spin order transfer methods applicable to SABRE - cross-relaxation, coherent spin mixing at avoided level crossings, and coherence transfer - and discuss their practical implementation for obtaining SABRE polarization in the most efficient way. Second, we introduce and explain the principle of SABRE hyperpolarization techniques that operate at ultralow (<1 μT), at low (1μT to 0.1 T) and at high (>0.1 T) magnetic fields. Finally, chemical aspects of SABRE are discussed in detail, including chemical systems that are amenable to SABRE and the exchange processes that are required for polarization formation. A theoretical treatment of the spin dynamics and their interplay with chemical kinetics is also presented. This review outlines known aspects of SABRE and provides guidelines for the design of new SABRE experiments, with the goal of solving practical problems of enhancing weak NMR signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danila A Barskiy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Stephan Knecht
- Eduard-Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany; Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra V Yurkovskaya
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Konstantin L Ivanov
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pravdivtsev AN, Hövener JB. Simulating Non-linear Chemical and Physical (CAP) Dynamics of Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE). Chemistry 2019; 25:7659-7668. [PMID: 30689237 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The hyperpolarization of nuclear spins by using parahydrogen (pH2 ) is a fascinating technique that allows spin polarization and thus the magnetic resonance signal to be increased by several orders of magnitude. Entirely new applications have become available. Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) is a relatively new method that is based on the reversible exchange of a substrate, catalyst and parahydrogen. SABRE is particularly interesting for in vivo medical and industrial applications, such as fast and low-cost trace analysis or continuous signal enhancement. Ever since its discovery, many attempts have been made to model and understand SABRE, with various degrees of simplifications. In this work, we reduced the simplifications further, taking into account non-linear chemical and physical (CAP) dynamics of several multi-spin systems. A master equation was derived and realized using the MOIN open-source software. The effects of different parameters (exchange rates, concentrations, spin-spin couplings) on relaxation and the polarization level have been evaluated and the results provide interesting insights into the mechanism of SABRE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey N Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Štěpánek P, Sanchez-Perez C, Telkki VV, Zhivonitko VV, Kantola AM. High-throughput continuous-flow system for SABRE hyperpolarization. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2019; 300:8-17. [PMID: 30684826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE) is a versatile method for hyperpolarizing small organic molecules that helps to overcome the inherent low signal-to-noise ratio of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. It offers orders of magnitude enhanced signal strength, but the obtained nuclear polarization usually rapidly relaxes, requiring a quick transport of the sample to the spectrometer. Here we report a new design of a polarizing system, which can be used to prepare a continuous flow of SABRE-hyperpolarized sample with a considerable throughput of several millilitres per second and a rapid delivery into an NMR instrument. The polarizer performance under different conditions such as flow rate of the hydrogen or liquid sample is tested by measuring a series of NMR spectra and magnetic resonance images (MRI) of hyperpolarized pyridine in methanol. Results show a capability to continuously produce sample with dramatically enhanced signal over two orders of magnitude. The constant supply of hyperpolarized sample can be exploited, e.g., in experiments requiring multiple repetitions, such as 2D- and 3D-NMR or MRI measurements, and also naturally allows measurements of flow maps, including systems with high flow rates, for which the level of achievable thermal polarization might not be usable any more. In addition, the experiments can be viably carried out in a non-deuterated solvent, due to the effective suppression of the thermal polarization by the fast sample flow. The presented system opens the possibilities for SABRE experiments requiring a long-term, stable and high level of nuclear polarization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Štěpánek
- NMR Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014, Finland.
| | - Clara Sanchez-Perez
- Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Finland.
| | - Ville-Veikko Telkki
- NMR Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014, Finland.
| | - Vladimir V Zhivonitko
- NMR Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014, Finland.
| | - Anu M Kantola
- NMR Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Geethanath S, Vaughan JT. Accessible magnetic resonance imaging: A review. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 49:e65-e77. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sairam Geethanath
- Columbia Magnetic Resonance Research CenterColumbia University in the City of New York New York USA
| | - John Thomas Vaughan
- Columbia Magnetic Resonance Research CenterColumbia University in the City of New York New York USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Skinner JG, Menichetti L, Flori A, Dost A, Schmidt AB, Plaumann M, Gallagher FA, Hövener JB. Metabolic and Molecular Imaging with Hyperpolarised Tracers. Mol Imaging Biol 2018; 20:902-918. [PMID: 30120644 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since reaching the clinic, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an irreplaceable radiological tool because of the macroscopic information it provides across almost all organs and soft tissues within the human body, all without the need for ionising radiation. The sensitivity of MR, however, is too low to take full advantage of the rich chemical information contained in the MR signal. Hyperpolarisation techniques have recently emerged as methods to overcome the sensitivity limitations by enhancing the MR signal by many orders of magnitude compared to the thermal equilibrium, enabling a new class of metabolic and molecular X-nuclei based MR tracers capable of reporting on metabolic processes at the cellular level. These hyperpolarised (HP) tracers have the potential to elucidate the complex metabolic processes of many organs and pathologies, with studies so far focusing on the fields of oncology and cardiology. This review presents an overview of hyperpolarisation techniques that appear most promising for clinical use today, such as dissolution dynamic nuclear polarisation (d-DNP), parahydrogen-induced hyperpolarisation (PHIP), Brute force hyperpolarisation and spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP), before discussing methods for tracer detection, emerging metabolic tracers and applications and progress in preclinical and clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Graham Skinner
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Luca Menichetti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Flori
- Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Dost
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Benjamin Schmidt
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Section Biomedical Imaging and MOIN CC, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Markus Plaumann
- Institute of Biometrics and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging and MOIN CC, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Manoharan A, Rayner PJ, Fekete M, Iali W, Norcott P, Hugh Perry V, Duckett SB. Catalyst-Substrate Effects on Biocompatible SABRE Hyperpolarization. Chemphyschem 2018; 20:285-294. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anand Manoharan
- University of York; Department of Chemistry Heslington; York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Peter J. Rayner
- University of York; Department of Chemistry Heslington; York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Marianna Fekete
- University of York; Department of Chemistry Heslington; York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Wissam Iali
- University of York; Department of Chemistry Heslington; York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Philip Norcott
- University of York; Department of Chemistry Heslington; York YO10 5DD UK
| | - V. Hugh Perry
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Southampton; Southampton UK
| | - Simon B. Duckett
- University of York; Department of Chemistry Heslington; York YO10 5DD UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Chukanov NV, Salnikov OG, Shchepin RV, Svyatova A, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Chekmenev EY. 19F Hyperpolarization of 15N-3- 19F-Pyridine Via Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2018; 122:23002-23010. [PMID: 31435456 PMCID: PMC6703844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b06654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We report synthesis of 15N-3-19F-pyridine via Zincke salt formation with the overall 35% yield and 84% 15N isotopic purity. Hyperpolarization studies of Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE) and SABRE in SHield Enables Alignment Transfer to Heteronuclei (SABRE-SHEATH) were performed to investigate the mechanism of polarization transfer from parahydrogen-derived hydride protons to 19F nucleus in milli-Tesla and micro-Tesla magnetic field regimes in 15N-3-19F-pyridine and 14N-3-19F-pyridine. We found the mismatch between 15N and 19F magnetic field hyperpolarization profiles in the micro-Tesla regime indicating that the spontaneous hyperpolarization process likely happens directly from parahydrogen-derived hydride protons to 19F nucleus without spin-relaying via 15N site. In case of SABRE magnetic field regime (milli-Tesla magnetic field range), we found that magnetic field profiles for 1H and 19F hyperpolarization are very similar, and 19F polarization levels are significantly lower than 1H SABRE polarization levels and lower than 19F SABRE-SHEATH (i.e. obtained at micro-Tesla magnetic field) polarization levels. Our findings support the hypothesis that in milli-Tesla magnetic field regime, the process of 19F nuclei hyperpolarization is relayed via protons of substrate, and therefore is very inefficient. These findings are important in the context of improvement of the hyperpolarization hardware and rational design of the hyperpolarized molecular probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita V. Chukanov
- International Tomography Center, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Oleg G. Salnikov
- International Tomography Center, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Roman V. Shchepin
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, United States
| | - Alexandra Svyatova
- International Tomography Center, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Kirill V. Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Corresponding Author
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tickner BJ, Iali W, Roy SS, Whitwood AC, Duckett SB. Iridium α
-Carboxyimine Complexes Hyperpolarized with para
-Hydrogen Exist in Nuclear Singlet States before Conversion into Iridium Carbonates. Chemphyschem 2018; 20:241-245. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben. J. Tickner
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance; University of York; Heslington U.K. YO10 5NY
| | - Wissam Iali
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance; University of York; Heslington U.K. YO10 5NY
| | - Soumya S. Roy
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance; University of York; Heslington U.K. YO10 5NY
| | - Adrian C. Whitwood
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; Heslington U.K. Kingdom YO10 5DD
| | - Simon B. Duckett
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance; University of York; Heslington U.K. YO10 5NY
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hövener JB, Pravdivtsev AN, Kidd B, Bowers CR, Glöggler S, Kovtunov KV, Plaumann M, Katz-Brull R, Buckenmaier K, Jerschow A, Reineri F, Theis T, Shchepin RV, Wagner S, Bhattacharya P, Zacharias NM, Chekmenev EY. Parahydrogen-Based Hyperpolarization for Biomedicine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11140-11162. [PMID: 29484795 PMCID: PMC6105405 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) is one of the most versatile and useful physical effects used for human imaging, chemical analysis, and the elucidation of molecular structures. However, its full potential is rarely used, because only a small fraction of the nuclear spin ensemble is polarized, that is, aligned with the applied static magnetic field. Hyperpolarization methods seek other means to increase the polarization and thus the MR signal. A unique source of pure spin order is the entangled singlet spin state of dihydrogen, parahydrogen (pH2 ), which is inherently stable and long-lived. When brought into contact with another molecule, this "spin order on demand" allows the MR signal to be enhanced by several orders of magnitude. Considerable progress has been made in the past decade in the area of pH2 -based hyperpolarization techniques for biomedical applications. It is the goal of this Review to provide a selective overview of these developments, covering the areas of spin physics, catalysis, instrumentation, preparation of the contrast agents, and applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrey N Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Bryce Kidd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - C Russell Bowers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Stefan Glöggler
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Von-Siebold-Strasse 3A, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Markus Plaumann
- Department of Biometry and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rachel Katz-Brull
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Kai Buckenmaier
- Magnetic resonance center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Alexej Jerschow
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Sq. East, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Francesca Reineri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, via Nizza 52, Torino, Italy
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry & Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Roman V Shchepin
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, 1161 21st Ave South, MCN AA-1105, Nashville, TN, 37027, USA
| | - Shawn Wagner
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Pratip Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Niki M Zacharias
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI) and Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hövener J, Pravdivtsev AN, Kidd B, Bowers CR, Glöggler S, Kovtunov KV, Plaumann M, Katz‐Brull R, Buckenmaier K, Jerschow A, Reineri F, Theis T, Shchepin RV, Wagner S, Bhattacharya P, Zacharias NM, Chekmenev EY. Parawasserstoff‐basierte Hyperpolarisierung für die Biomedizin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan‐Bernd Hövener
- Sektion Biomedizinische Bildgebung, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC) Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel Am Botanischen Garten 14 24118 Kiel Deutschland
| | - Andrey N. Pravdivtsev
- Sektion Biomedizinische Bildgebung, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC) Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel Am Botanischen Garten 14 24118 Kiel Deutschland
| | - Bryce Kidd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Southern Illinois University Carbondale IL 62901 USA
| | - C. Russell Bowers
- Department of Chemistry University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Stefan Glöggler
- Max Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration Von-Siebold-Straße 3A 37075 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Kirill V. Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS 630090 Novosibirsk Russland
- Department of Natural Sciences Novosibirsk State University Pirogova St. 2 630090 Novosibirsk Russland
| | - Markus Plaumann
- Institut für Biometrie und Medizinische Informatik Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg Leipziger Straße 44 39120 Magdeburg Deutschland
| | - Rachel Katz‐Brull
- Department of Radiology Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center Jerusalem Israel
| | - Kai Buckenmaier
- Magnetresonanz-Zentrum Max Planck-Institut für biologische Kybernetik Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Alexej Jerschow
- Department of Chemistry New York University 100 Washington Sq. East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Francesca Reineri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences University of Torino via Nizza 52 Torino Italien
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry & Department of Physics Duke University Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Roman V. Shchepin
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS) Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences 1161 21st Ave South, MCN AA-1105 Nashville TN 37027 USA
| | - Shawn Wagner
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute Cedars Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles CA 90048 USA
| | - Pratip Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Niki M. Zacharias
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS) Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences 1161 21st Ave South, MCN AA-1105 Nashville TN 37027 USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) Leninskiy Prospekt 14 Moscow 119991 Russland
- Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI) and Integrative Biosciences (Ibio) Wayne State University Detroit MI 48202 USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lehmkuhl S, Wiese M, Schubert L, Held M, Küppers M, Wessling M, Blümich B. Continuous hyperpolarization with parahydrogen in a membrane reactor. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2018; 291:8-13. [PMID: 29625356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization methods entail a high potential to boost the sensitivity of NMR. Even though the "Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange" (SABRE) approach uses para-enriched hydrogen, p-H2, to repeatedly achieve high polarization levels on target molecules without altering their chemical structure, such studies are often limited to batch experiments in NMR tubes. Alternatively, this work introduces a continuous flow setup including a membrane reactor for the p-H2, supply and consecutive detection in a 1 T NMR spectrometer. Two SABRE substrates pyridine and nicotinamide were hyperpolarized, and more than 1000-fold signal enhancement was found. Our strategy combines low-field NMR spectrometry and a membrane flow reactor. This enables precise control of the experimental conditions such as liquid and gas pressures, and volume flow for ensuring repeatable maximum polarization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sören Lehmkuhl
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Worringerweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Martin Wiese
- Chemical Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 51, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lukas Schubert
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Worringerweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mathias Held
- Chemical Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 51, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Küppers
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Worringerweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Wessling
- Chemical Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 51, 52056 Aachen, Germany; DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Blümich
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Worringerweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bae J, Zhou Z, Theis T, Warren WS, Wang Q. 15N 4-1,2,4,5-tetrazines as potential molecular tags: Integrating bioorthogonal chemistry with hyperpolarization and unearthing para-N 2. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaar2978. [PMID: 29536045 PMCID: PMC5844705 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar2978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance (HP-MR) is a powerful, sensitive, and noninvasive approach to visualize molecular structure, function, and dynamics in vitro and in vivo. Current applications of HP-MR mostly rely on hyperpolarization of target compounds in dedicated hyperpolarizers because biomolecules can typically not be hyperpolarized directly in vivo. The injected hyperpolarized probes often undergo multiple metabolic pathways in living systems, and it remains challenging to localize and identify specific targets with high chemical selectivity. To address these current limitations in HP-MR, we report a novel hyperpolarization tagging strategy that integrates bioorthogonal chemistry and hyperpolarization to achieve the specific hyperpolarization of targets. This strategy is demonstrated by studies of hyperpolarized 15N4-1,2,4,5-tetrazines, which undergo rapid and selective cycloaddition with cyclooctyne to provide hyperpolarized 15N2-containing cycloaddition products and hyperpolarized 15N2 gas. This work not only suggests great potential of 15N4-1,2,4,5-tetrazines as molecular tags in HP-MR imaging (HP-MRI) but also supports the production of hyperpolarized para-15N2 gas, a biologically and medically innocuous gas with great potential for HP-MRI. This bioorthogonal reaction-based hyperpolarization tagging strategy enables a new class of in vitro and in vivo applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junu Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Zijian Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Warren S. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Qiu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Knecht S, Kiryutin AS, Yurkovskaya AV, Ivanov KL. Re-polarization of nuclear spins using selective SABRE-INEPT. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2018; 287:10-14. [PMID: 29274936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A method is proposed for significant improvement of NMR pulse sequences used in high-field SABRE (Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange) experiments. SABRE makes use of spin order transfer from parahydrogen (pH2, the H2 molecule in its singlet spin state) to a substrate in a transient organometallic Ir-based complex. The technique proposed here utilizes "re-polarization", i.e., multiple application of an NMR pulse sequence used for spin order transfer. During re-polarization only the form of the substrate, which is bound to the complex, is excited by selective NMR pulses and the resulting polarization is transferred to the free substrate via chemical exchange. Owing to the fact that (i) only a small fraction of the substrate molecules is in the bound form and (ii) spin relaxation of the free substrate is slow, the re-polarization scheme provides greatly improved NMR signal enhancement, ε. For instance, when pyridine is used as a substrate, single use of the SABRE-INEPT sequence provides ε≈260 for 15N nuclei, whereas SABRE-INEPT with re-polarization yields ε>2000. We anticipate that the proposed method is useful for achieving maximal NMR enhancement with spin hyperpolarization techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Knecht
- Dept. of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center Freiburg-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexey S Kiryutin
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Alexandra V Yurkovskaya
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Konstantin L Ivanov
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Olaru AM, Robertson TBR, Lewis JS, Antony A, Iali W, Mewis RE, Duckett SB. Extending the Scope of 19F Hyperpolarization through Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange in MRI and NMR Spectroscopy. ChemistryOpen 2017; 7:97-105. [PMID: 29318102 PMCID: PMC5754555 DOI: 10.1002/open.201700166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorinated ligands have a variety of uses in chemistry and industry, but it is their medical applications as 18F-labelled positron emission tomography (PET) tracers where they are most visible. In this work, we illustrate the potential of using 19F-containing ligands as future magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents and as probes in magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies by significantly increasing their magnetic resonance detectability through the signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) hyperpolarization method. We achieve 19F SABRE polarization in a wide range of molecules, including those essential to medication, and analyze how their steric bulk, the substrate loading, polarization transfer field, pH, and rate of ligand exchange impact the efficiency of SABRE. We conclude by presenting 19F MRI results in phantoms, which demonstrate that many of these agents show great promise as future 19F MRI contrast agents for diagnostic investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Olaru
- Centre for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry University of York Heslington YO10 5NY United Kingdom
| | - Thomas B R Robertson
- School of Science and the Environment, Division of Chemistry and Environmental Science Manchester Metropolitan University John Dalton Building, Chester St. Manchester M1 5GD United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer S Lewis
- Centre for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry University of York Heslington YO10 5NY United Kingdom
| | - Alex Antony
- School of Science and the Environment, Division of Chemistry and Environmental Science Manchester Metropolitan University John Dalton Building, Chester St. Manchester M1 5GD United Kingdom
| | - Wissam Iali
- Centre for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry University of York Heslington YO10 5NY United Kingdom
| | - Ryan E Mewis
- School of Science and the Environment, Division of Chemistry and Environmental Science Manchester Metropolitan University John Dalton Building, Chester St. Manchester M1 5GD United Kingdom
| | - Simon B Duckett
- Centre for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry University of York Heslington YO10 5NY United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Achieving High 1
H Nuclear Hyperpolarization Levels with Long Lifetimes in a Range of Tuberculosis Drug Scaffolds. Chemistry 2017; 23:16990-16997. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
30
|
Buckenmaier K, Rudolph M, Back C, Misztal T, Bommerich U, Fehling P, Koelle D, Kleiner R, Mayer HA, Scheffler K, Bernarding J, Plaumann M. SQUID-based detection of ultra-low-field multinuclear NMR of substances hyperpolarized using signal amplification by reversible exchange. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13431. [PMID: 29044168 PMCID: PMC5647402 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13757-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultra-low-field (ULF) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a promising spectroscopy method allowing for, e.g., the simultaneous detection of multiple nuclei. To overcome the low signal-to-noise ratio that usually hampers a wider application, we present here an alternative approach to ULF NMR, which makes use of the hyperpolarizing technique signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE). In contrast to standard parahydrogen hyperpolarization, SABRE can continuously hyperpolarize 1 H as well as other MR-active nuclei. For simultaneous measurements of 1 H and 19 F under SABRE conditions a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID)-based NMR detection unit was adapted. We successfully hyperpolarized fluorinated pyridine derivatives with an up to 2000-fold signal enhancement in 19 F. The detected signals may be explained by two alternative reaction mechanisms. SABRE combined with simultaneous SQUID-based broadband multinuclear detection may enable the quantitative analysis of multinuclear processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Buckenmaier
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Spemannstr. 41, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - M Rudolph
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Spemannstr. 41, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Physikalisches Institut and Center for Quantum Science (CQ) in LISA+, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - C Back
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Quantum Science (CQ) in LISA+, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - T Misztal
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - U Bommerich
- Department for Biometrics and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - P Fehling
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Spemannstr. 41, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - D Koelle
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Quantum Science (CQ) in LISA+, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - R Kleiner
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Quantum Science (CQ) in LISA+, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - H A Mayer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - K Scheffler
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Spemannstr. 41, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - J Bernarding
- Department for Biometrics and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - M Plaumann
- Department for Biometrics and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhou Z, Yu J, Colell JFP, Laasner R, Logan A, Barskiy D, Schepin R, Chekmenev EY, Blum V, Warren WS, Theis T. Long-Lived 13C 2 Nuclear Spin States Hyperpolarized by Parahydrogen in Reversible Exchange at Microtesla Fields. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:3008-3014. [PMID: 28594557 PMCID: PMC5580346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Parahydrogen is an inexpensive and readily available source of hyperpolarization used to enhance magnetic resonance signals by up to four orders of magnitude above thermal signals obtained at ∼10 T. A significant challenge for applications is fast signal decay after hyperpolarization. Here we use parahydrogen-based polarization transfer catalysis at microtesla fields (first introduced as SABRE-SHEATH) to hyperpolarize 13C2 spin pairs and find decay time constants of 12 s for magnetization at 0.3 mT, which are extended to 2 min at that same field, when long-lived singlet states are hyperpolarized instead. Enhancements over thermal at 8.5 T are between 30 and 170 fold (0.02 to 0.12% polarization). We control the spin dynamics of polarization transfer by choice of microtesla field, allowing for deliberate hyperpolarization of either magnetization or long-lived singlet states. Density functional theory calculations and experimental evidence identify two energetically close mechanisms for polarization transfer: First, a model that involves direct binding of the 13C2 pair to the polarization transfer catalyst and, second, a model transferring polarization through auxiliary protons in substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, United States
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, United States
| | | | - Raul Laasner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, United States
| | - Angus Logan
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, United States
| | - Danila Barskiy
- Departments of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Vanderbilt University, Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Roman Schepin
- Departments of Radiology, Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Departments of Radiology, Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, United States
| | - Volker Blum
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, United States
| | - Warren S. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, United States
- Departments of Radiology, Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, United States
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, United States
- Corresponding Author: To whom correspondence should be addressed.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Colell JFP, Emondts M, Logan AWJ, Shen K, Bae J, Shchepin RV, Ortiz GX, Spannring P, Wang Q, Malcolmson SJ, Chekmenev EY, Feiters MC, Rutjes FPJT, Blümich B, Theis T, Warren WS. Direct Hyperpolarization of Nitrogen-15 in Aqueous Media with Parahydrogen in Reversible Exchange. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:7761-7767. [PMID: 28443329 PMCID: PMC5578426 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) is an inexpensive, fast, and even continuous hyperpolarization technique that uses para-hydrogen as hyperpolarization source. However, current SABRE faces a number of stumbling blocks for translation to biochemical and clinical settings. Difficulties include inefficient polarization in water, relatively short-lived 1H-polarization, and relatively limited substrate scope. Here we use a water-soluble polarization transfer catalyst to hyperpolarize nitrogen-15 in a variety of molecules with SABRE-SHEATH (SABRE in shield enables alignment transfer to heteronuclei). This strategy works in pure H2O or D2O solutions, on substrates that could not be hyperpolarized in traditional 1H-SABRE experiments, and we record 15N T1 relaxation times of up to 2 min.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Meike Emondts
- Institute for Technical und Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52072 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Kun Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Junu Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Roman V. Shchepin
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Peter Spannring
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Qiu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Departments of Physics, Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Martin C. Feiters
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris P. J. T. Rutjes
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bernhard Blümich
- Institute for Technical und Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52072 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Warren S. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Departments of Physics, Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fernandez Diaz-Rullo F, Zamberlan F, Mewis RE, Fekete M, Broche L, Cheyne LA, Dall'Angelo S, Duckett SB, Dawson D, Zanda M. Synthesis and hyperpolarisation of eNOS substrates for quantification of NO production by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:2730-2742. [PMID: 28365086 PMCID: PMC5399308 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization enhances the intensity of the NMR signals of a molecule, whose in vivo metabolic fate can be monitored by MRI with higher sensitivity. SABRE is a hyperpolarization technique that could potentially be used to image nitric oxide (NO) production in vivo. This would be very important, because NO dysregulation is involved in several pathologies, including cardiovascular ones. The nitric oxide synthase (NOS) pathway leads to NO production via conversion of l-arginine into l-citrulline. NO is a free radical gas with a short half-life in vivo (≈5s), therefore direct NO quantification is challenging. An indirect method - based on quantifying conversion of an l-Arg- to l-Cit-derivative by 1H NMR spectroscopy - is herein proposed. A small library of pyridyl containing l-Arg derivatives was designed and synthesised. In vitro tests showed that compounds 4a-j and 11a-c were better or equivalent substrates for the eNOS enzyme (NO2- production=19-46μM) than native l-Arg (NO2- production=25μM). Enzymatic conversion of l-Arg to l-Cit derivatives could be monitored by 1H NMR. The maximum hyperpolarization achieved by SABRE reached 870-fold NMR signal enhancement, which opens up exciting future perspectives of using these molecules as hyperpolarized MRI tracers in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Fernandez Diaz-Rullo
- Centre for Therapeutics and School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Zamberlan
- Centre for Therapeutics and School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan E. Mewis
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NY, United Kingdom
| | - Marianna Fekete
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NY, United Kingdom
| | - Lionel Broche
- Centre for Therapeutics and School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley A. Cheyne
- Centre for Therapeutics and School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Sergio Dall'Angelo
- Centre for Therapeutics and School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Simon B. Duckett
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NY, United Kingdom
| | - Dana Dawson
- Centre for Therapeutics and School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Zanda
- Centre for Therapeutics and School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
- C.N.R.- I.C.R.M., via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Delivering strong 1H nuclear hyperpolarization levels and long magnetic lifetimes through signal amplification by reversible exchange. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E3188-E3194. [PMID: 28377523 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1620457114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarization turns typically weak NMR and MRI responses into strong signals so that ordinarily impractical measurements become possible. The potential to revolutionize analytical NMR and clinical diagnosis through this approach reflect this area's most compelling outcomes. Methods to optimize the low-cost parahydrogen-based approach signal amplification by reversible exchange with studies on a series of biologically relevant nicotinamides and methyl nicotinates are detailed. These procedures involve specific 2H labeling in both the agent and catalyst and achieve polarization lifetimes of ca 2 min with 50% polarization in the case of methyl-4,6-d2 -nicotinate. Because a 1.5-T hospital scanner has an effective 1H polarization level of just 0.0005% this strategy should result in compressed detection times for chemically discerning measurements that probe disease. To demonstrate this technique's generality, we exemplify further studies on a range of pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, and isonicotinamide analogs that feature as building blocks in biochemistry and many disease-treating drugs.
Collapse
|