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Chettri A, Kaberov LI, Klosterhalfen N, Perera S, Jamshied M, Schacher FH, Dietzek-Ivanšić B. Poly(2-Oxazoline) Amphiphilicity Tunes the Excited-State Proton Transfer of Pyrenol-Based Polyphotoacids. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401047. [PMID: 38699878 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The ability of light to change the properties of light-responsive polymers opens avenues for targeted release of cargo with a high degree of spatial and temporal control. Recently, we established photoacid polymers as light-switchable macromolecular amphiphiles. In these systems, light-induced excited-state proton transfer (ESPT) causes changes in amphilicity. However, as the intermolecular process itself critically depends on the local environment of the photoacid unit within the polymer, the overall amphiphilicity directly influences ESPT. Thus, understanding the impact of the local environment on the photophysics of photoacidic side chains is key to material design. In this contribution we address both thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of ESPT in oxazoline-based amphiphilic polymers with pyrenol-based photoacid side chains. We will compare the effect of polymer design, i. e. statistical and block arrangements, i. e. in poly[(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-co-(1-(6/8-hydroxyperene)sulphonylaziridine)] and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-block-poly[(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-co-(2-(3-(6-hydroxypyrene)sulphonamide)propyl-2-oxazoline), on the intermolecular proton transfer reaction by combining steady-state and time-resolved absorption and emission spectroscopy. ESPT appears more prominent in the statistical copolymer compared to a block copolymer with overall similar pyrenol loading. We hypothesize that the difference is due to different local chain arrangements adopted by the polymers in the two cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Chettri
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Research Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Leonid I Kaberov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Niklas Klosterhalfen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Research Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Sandunika Perera
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Mohammed Jamshied
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Felix H Schacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek-Ivanšić
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Research Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
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2
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Sunda AP, Singh S, Yadav S, Singh RK. Atomistic Simulations of Hydrated Sulfonated Polybenzophenone Block Copolymer Membranes. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300104. [PMID: 37260415 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a classical molecular dynamics simulations study on the nanostructures of the sulfonated polybenzophenone (SPK) block copolymer membranes at 300 K and 353 K. The results of the radial distribution function (RDF) show that the interactions of the sulfonate groups of the membrane with the hydronium ions are more significant than those of water due to the strong electrostatic attraction over the hydrogen bonding. However, the effect of temperatures on the RDF profile seems insignificant. Furthermore, the spatial distribution function (SDF) portrays that the sulfonate groups of the hydrophilic components are preferential binding sites for hydronium ions against the hydrophobic counterpart of the SPK membrane. The mobility of the H3 O+ ions at 300 K and 353 K is two (or three) times lower than that of Nafion/Aciplex. However, the diffusion coefficients for water molecules closely agree with Nafion/Aciplex. This study suggests that water clusters are more localized around the sulfonate groups in the SPK membranes. Thus, the molecular modeling study of SPK block copolymer membranes is warranted to design better-performing membrane electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Prakash Sunda
- Department of Chemistry, J. C. Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, Faridabad, 121006, India
| | - Soni Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Jagdam College, Jai Prakash University, Chapra, 841301, Bihar, India
| | - Sonia Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, J. C. Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, Faridabad, 121006, India
| | - Raman K Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Jagdam College, Jai Prakash University, Chapra, 841301, Bihar, India
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Walker AR, Wu B, Meisner J, Fayer MD, Martínez TJ. Proton Transfer from a Photoacid to a Water Wire: First Principles Simulations and Fast Fluorescence Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:12539-12551. [PMID: 34743512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c07254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Proton transfer reactions are ubiquitous in chemistry, especially in aqueous solutions. We investigate photoinduced proton transfer between the photoacid 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate (HPTS) and water using fast fluorescence spectroscopy and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Photoexcitation causes rapid proton release from the HPTS hydroxyl. Previous experiments on HPTS/water described the progress from photoexcitation to proton diffusion using kinetic equations with two time constants. The shortest time constant has been interpreted as protonated and photoexcited HPTS evolving into an "associated" state, where the proton is "shared" between the HPTS hydroxyl and an originally hydrogen bonded water. The longer time constant has been interpreted as indicating evolution to a "solvent separated" state where the shared proton undergoes long distance diffusion. In this work, we refine the previous experimental results using very pure HPTS. We then use excited state ab initio molecular dynamics to elucidate the detailed molecular mechanism of aqueous excited state proton transfer in HPTS. We find that the initial excitation results in rapid rearrangement of water, forming a strong hydrogen bonded network (a "water wire") around HPTS. HPTS then deprotonates in ≤3 ps, resulting in a proton that migrates back and forth along the wire before localizing on a single water molecule. We find a near linear relationship between the emission wavelength and proton-HPTS distance over the simulated time scale, suggesting that the emission wavelength can be used as a ruler for the proton distance. Our simulations reveal that the "associated" state corresponds to a water wire with a mobile proton and that the diffusion of the proton away from this water wire (to a generalized "solvent-separated" state) corresponds to the longest experimental time constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice R Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Boning Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jan Meisner
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Michael D Fayer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Todd J Martínez
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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4
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Mishra K, Acharjee D, Das A, Ghosh S. Femtosecond Upconversion Study of Interfacial Electron Transfer from Photoexcited CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Nanocrystal to Rhodamine 6G. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:11017-11025. [PMID: 34583511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c05354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from an excited-state CsPbBr3 nanocrystal (NC) to rhodamine 6G (r6G) is studied in toluene using different fluorescence-based techniques. Because of weak solubility of r6G in toluene, excess r6G molecules adsorb at NC surface which result in a much slower rotational diffusion time scale of r6G in the presence of NCs. Study of intrinsic PET benefits from the soft molecular interactions leading to donor (NC)-acceptor (r6G) complex formation, where solvent diffusion parameters would not play any role in the PET kinetics. Femtosecond transients of NCs are nicely fit to a Poisson expression originally proposed by Tachiya. Conclusive fittings to the temperature dependence quenching data reveal two interesting observations: (1) Even though the average number of surface trap state in a NC does not change with temperature (5-60 °C), the trap-state-induced quenching time scale is accelerated with increase in temperature, pointing toward a more efficient trapping at higher temperature. (ii) In the presence of r6G, a fast (∼150 ps per r6G molecule) interfacial PET time scale is observed, which remains unaffected by temperature (5-60 °C). Our findings demonstrate that even a simple "perovskite NC-electron acceptor" composite like that in the present study can ensure a rapid interfacial charge separation. Such information will help us to realize the actual potential of perovskites NCs in their real applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Mishra
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Debopam Acharjee
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Ayendrila Das
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Subhadip Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
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5
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Zeng HJ, Johnson MA. Demystifying the Diffuse Vibrational Spectrum of Aqueous Protons Through Cold Cluster Spectroscopy. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2021; 72:667-691. [PMID: 33646816 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-061020-053456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The ease with which the pH is routinely determined for aqueous solutions masks the fact that the cationic product of Arrhenius acid dissolution, the hydrated proton, or H+(aq), is a remarkably complex species. Here, we review how results obtained over the past 30 years in the study of H+⋅(H2O)n cluster ions isolated in the gas phase shed light on the chemical nature of H+(aq). This effort has also revealed molecular-level aspects of the Grotthuss relay mechanism for positive-charge translocation in water. Recently developed methods involving cryogenic cooling in radiofrequency ion traps and the application of two-color, infrared-infrared (IR-IR) double-resonance spectroscopy have established a clear picture of how local hydrogen-bond topology drives the diverse spectral signatures of the excess proton. This information now enables a new generation of cluster studies designed to unravel the microscopic mechanics underlying the ultrafast relaxation dynamics displayed by H+(aq).
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen J Zeng
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA;
| | - Mark A Johnson
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA;
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6
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Giricheva NI, Ivanov SN, Ignatova AV, Fedorov MS, Girichev GV. The Effect of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bond Type on the Gas-Phase Deprotonation of ortho-Substituted Benzenesulfonic Acids. A Density Functional Theory Study. Molecules 2020; 25:E5806. [PMID: 33316963 PMCID: PMC7764180 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural factors have been identified that determine the gas-phase acidity of ortho-substituted benzenesulfonic acid, 2-XC6H4-SO3H, (X = -SO3H, -COOH, -NO2, -SO2F, -C≡N, -NH2, -CH3, -OCH3, -N(CH3)2, -OH). The DFT/B3LYP/cc-pVTZ method was used to perform conformational analysis and study the structural features of the molecular and deprotonated forms of these compounds. It has been shown that many of the conformers may contain anintramolecular hydrogen bond (IHB) between the sulfonic group and the substituent, and the sulfonic group can be an IHB donor or an acceptor. The Gibbs energies of gas-phase deprotonation ΔrG0298 (kJ mol-1) were calculated for all compounds. It has been set that in ortho-substituted benzenesulfonic acids, the formation of various types of IHB is possible, having a significant effect on the ΔrG0298 values of gas-phase deprotonation. If the -SO3H group is the IHB donor, then an ion without an IHB is formed upon deprotonation, and the deprotonation energy increases. If this group is an IHB acceptor, then a significant decrease in ΔrG0298 of gas-phase deprotonation is observed due to an increase in IHB strength and the A- anion additional stabilization. A proton donor ability comparative characteristic of the -SO3H group in the studied ortho-substituted benzenesulfonic acids is given, and the ΔrG0298 energies are compared with the corresponding values of ortho-substituted benzoic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina I. Giricheva
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry, Ivanovo State University, 153025 Ivanovo, Russia; (S.N.I.); (A.V.I.); (M.S.F.)
| | - Sergey N. Ivanov
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry, Ivanovo State University, 153025 Ivanovo, Russia; (S.N.I.); (A.V.I.); (M.S.F.)
| | - Anastasiya V. Ignatova
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry, Ivanovo State University, 153025 Ivanovo, Russia; (S.N.I.); (A.V.I.); (M.S.F.)
| | - Mikhail S. Fedorov
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry, Ivanovo State University, 153025 Ivanovo, Russia; (S.N.I.); (A.V.I.); (M.S.F.)
| | - Georgiy V. Girichev
- Department of Physics, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia;
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7
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Thomaz JE, Walker AR, Van Wyck SJ, Meisner J, Martinez TJ, Fayer MD. Proton Transfer Dynamics in the Aprotic Proton Accepting Solvent 1-Methylimidazole. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:7897-7908. [PMID: 32790382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c05525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of proton transfer to the aprotic solvent 1-methylimidazole (MeIm, proton acceptor) from the photoacid 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid trisodium salt (HPTS) was investigated using fast fluorescence measurements. The closely related molecule, 8-methoxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid trisodium salt (MPTS), which is not a photoacid, was also studied for comparison. Following optical excitation, the wavelength-dependent population dynamics of HPTS in MeIm resulting from the deprotonation process were collected over the entire fluorescence emission window. Analysis of the time-dependent fluorescence spectra revealed four distinct fluorescence bands that appear and decay on different time scales. We label these four states as protonated (P), associated I (AI), associated II (AII), and deprotonated (D). We find that the simple kinetic scheme of P → AI → AII → D is not consistent with the data. Instead, the kinetic scheme that describes the data has P decaying into AI, which mainly goes on to deprotonation (D), but AI can also feed into AII. AII can return to AI or decay to the ground state, but does not deprotonate within experimental error. Quantum chemistry and excited state QM/MM Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations indicate that AI and AII are two H-bonding conformations of MeIm to the HPTS hydroxyl, axial, and equatorial, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Thomaz
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Alice R Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Stephen J Van Wyck
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jan Meisner
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Todd J Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Michael D Fayer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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8
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Sun J, Wang C, Tan ZW, Liu CM. A novel reactive phosphonium-containing polyelectrolyte with multiple reactivities: monomer synthesis, RAFT polymerization and post-polymerization modifications. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00362j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A reactive polyelectrolyte can be defined as a kind of functional polymer which possesses not only the basic properties of a polyelectrolyte but also wide post-polymerization modification possibilities, which can be achieved via various reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)
- Wuhan 430074
| | - Chang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)
- Wuhan 430074
| | - Zhi-Wei Tan
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)
- Wuhan 430074
| | - Cheng-Mei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)
- Wuhan 430074
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9
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Joung JF, Kim S, Park S. Cationic Effect on the Equilibria and Kinetics of the Excited-State Proton Transfer Reaction of a Photoacid in Aqueous Solutions. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:5087-5093. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sangin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Sungnam Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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