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Marxsen SF, Song D, Zhang X, Flores I, Fernández J, Sarasua JR, Müller AJ, Alamo RG. Crystallization Rate Minima of Poly(ethylene brassylate) at Temperatures Transitioning between Quantized Crystal Thicknesses. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie F. Marxsen
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St., Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Daokun Song
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St., Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Xiaoshi Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St., Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Irma Flores
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jorge Fernández
- POLIMERBIO SL, Paseo Miramón 170, Planta 3, Lab. B05, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - José Ramón Sarasua
- Department of Mining-Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, POLYMAT, Faculty of Engineering in Bilbao, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plaza Torres Quevedo 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Rufina G. Alamo
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St., Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
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2
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Paren BA, Häußler M, Rathenow P, Mecking S, Winey KI. Decoupled Cation Transport within Layered Assemblies in Sulfonated and Crystalline Telechelic Polyethylenes. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. Paren
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Manuel Häußler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Patrick Rathenow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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3
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Zhang X, Gohn A, Mendis G, Buzinkai JF, Weigand SJ, Rhoades AM. Probing Three Distinct Crystal Polymorphs of Melt-Crystallized Polyamide 6 by an Integrated Fast Scanning Calorimetry Chip System. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshi Zhang
- School of Engineering, Penn State Behrend, Erie, Pennsylvania 16563, United States
| | - Anne Gohn
- School of Engineering, Penn State Behrend, Erie, Pennsylvania 16563, United States
| | - Gamini Mendis
- School of Engineering, Penn State Behrend, Erie, Pennsylvania 16563, United States
| | | | - Steven J. Weigand
- DND-CAT Synchrotron Research Center, Northwestern University, APS/ANL Building 432-A004, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Alicyn M. Rhoades
- School of Engineering, Penn State Behrend, Erie, Pennsylvania 16563, United States
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4
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Marxsen SF, Häußler M, Mecking S, Alamo RG. Crystallization of Long-Spaced Precision Polyacetals III: Polymorphism and Crystallization Kinetics of Even Polyacetals Spaced by 6 to 26 Methylenes. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1560. [PMID: 34067999 PMCID: PMC8152236 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we extend the study of polymorphism and crystallization kinetics of aliphatic polyacetals to include shorter (PA-6) and longer (PA-26) methylene lengths in a series of even long-spaced systems. On a deep quenching to 0 °C, the longest even polyacetals, PA-18 and PA-26, develop mesomorphic-like disordered structures which, on heating, transform progressively to hexagonal, Form I, and Form II crystallites. Shorter polyacetals, such as PA-6 and PA-12 cannot bypass the formation of Form I. In these systems a mixture of this form and disordered structures develops even under fast deep quenching. A prediction from melting points that Form II will not develop in polyacetals with eight or fewer methylene groups between consecutive acetals was further corroborated with data for PA-6. The temperature coefficient of the overall crystallization rate of the two highest temperature polymorphs, Form I and Form II, was analyzed from the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) peak crystallization times. The crystallization rate of Form II shows a deep inversion at temperatures approaching the polymorphic transition region from above. The new data on PA-26 confirm that at the minimum rate the heat of fusion is so low that crystallization becomes basically extinguished. The rate inversion and dramatic drop in the heat of fusion irrespective of crystallization time are associated with a competition in nucleation between Forms I and II. The latter is due to large differences in nucleation barriers between these two phases. As PA-6 does not develop Form II, the rate data of this polyacetal display a continuous temperature gradient. The data of the extended polyacetal series demonstrate the important role of methylene sequence length on polymorphism and crystallization kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie F. Marxsen
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA;
| | - Manuel Häußler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; (M.H.); (S.M.)
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; (M.H.); (S.M.)
| | - Rufina G. Alamo
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA;
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5
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Abstract
Nucleation plays a vital role in polymer crystallization, in which chain connectivity and thus the multiple length and time scales make crystal nucleation of polymer chains an interesting but complex subject. Though the topic has been intensively studied in the past decades, there are still many open questions to answer. The final properties of semicrystalline polymer materials are affected by all of the following: the starting melt, paths of nucleation, organization of lamellar crystals and evolution of the final crystalline structures. In this viewpoint, we attempt to discuss some of the remaining open questions and corresponding concepts: non-equilibrated polymers, self-induced nucleation, microscopic kinetics of different processes, metastability of polymer lamellar crystals, hierarchical order and cooperativity involved in nucleation, etc. Addressing these open questions through a combination of novel concepts, new theories and advanced approaches provides a deeper understanding of the multifaceted process of crystal nucleation of polymers.
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6
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Zhang S, Wang Z, Guo B, Xu J. Secondary nucleation in polymer crystallization: A kinetic view. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Zhang
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Zhiqi Wang
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Baohua Guo
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Jun Xu
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China
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7
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Jo K, Lee S, Choi G, Woo BH, Jun YC, Song H, Jeon T, Lee HH, Kim HJ. Soft luminescent solar concentrator film with organic dye and rubbery matrix. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kukhyun Jo
- School of Chemical of Chemical Engineering Pusan National University Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghun Lee
- School of Chemical of Chemical Engineering Pusan National University Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Geun‐Seok Choi
- School of Chemical of Chemical Engineering Pusan National University Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hoon Woo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Jun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Hee‐eun Song
- Photovoltaic Laboratory Korea Institute of Energy Research Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Hyo Jung Kim
- School of Chemical of Chemical Engineering Pusan National University Busan Republic of Korea
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8
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Zhang X, Marxsen SF, Ortmann P, Mecking S, Alamo RG. Crystallization of Long-Spaced Precision Polyacetals II: Effect of Polymorphism on Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshi Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-6046, United States
| | - Stephanie F. Marxsen
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-6046, United States
| | - Patrick Ortmann
- Chemical Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Konstanz 78457, Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Chemical Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Konstanz 78457, Germany
| | - Rufina G. Alamo
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-6046, United States
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9
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Danke V, Reimann S, Binder WH, Gupta G, Beiner M. Tuning layered superstructures in precision polymers. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12119. [PMID: 32694581 PMCID: PMC7374706 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68927-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
An approach to influence and control layered superstructures by varying the methylene sequence length between two consecutive functional groups in linear precision polymers containing 2,6-diaminopyridine (DAP) groups is presented. Layered superstructures with repeating units involving three monomeric units along the chain direction with very high coherence lengths upto 110 nm are observed in case of shorter alkyl segments, (16 and 18 [Formula: see text] units), while more conventional layer superstructures incorporating only one monomer are found for related polymers with 20 [Formula: see text] units per methylene sequence. A building block model explaining the unusually large periodicity of three monomeric units is proposed wherein layers containing crystalline or amorphous methylene sequences occur in different combinations. Occurrence of different layered structures depending on crystallization conditions, methylene sequence length as well as functional group type is explained by a competition of H-interactions between the DAP groups and the van der Waal forces between the hydrophobic methylene groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Danke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, Walter-Hülse-Straße 1, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Faculty of Natural Sciences II, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Straße 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sophie Reimann
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences II, Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Binder
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences II, Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, Walter-Hülse-Straße 1, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
- Faculty of Natural Sciences II, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Straße 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Mario Beiner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, Walter-Hülse-Straße 1, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
- Faculty of Natural Sciences II, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Straße 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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10
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Marxsen SF, Häuβler M, Mecking S, Alamo RG. Isothermal step thickening in a long-spaced aliphatic polyester. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Zhang X, Zuo X, Ortmann P, Mecking S, Alamo RG. Crystallization of Long-Spaced Precision Polyacetals I: Melting and Recrystallization of Rapidly Formed Crystallites. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshi Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-6046, United States
| | - Xiaobing Zuo
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Patrick Ortmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Rufina G. Alamo
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-6046, United States
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12
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Marxsen SF, Alamo RG. Melt-memory of polyethylenes with halogen substitution: Random vs. precise placement. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Structure formation in nanophase-separated systems with lamellar morphology: Comb-like vs. linear precision polymers. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Zhang X, Zhang W, Wagener KB, Boz E, Alamo RG. Effect of Self-Poisoning on Crystallization Kinetics of Dimorphic Precision Polyethylenes with Bromine. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshi Zhang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St., Tallahassee, Florida 32310-6046, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St., Tallahassee, Florida 32310-6046, United States
| | - Kenneth B. Wagener
- The
George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Emine Boz
- The
George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Rufina G. Alamo
- Department
of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St., Tallahassee, Florida 32310-6046, United States
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