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Chandra Rajan K, Vengatesen T. Molecular adaptation of molluscan biomineralisation to high-CO 2 oceans - The known and the unknown. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 155:104883. [PMID: 32072987 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High-CO2 induced ocean acidification (OA) reduces the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) saturation level (Ω) and the pH of oceans. Consequently, OA is causing a serious threat to several ecologically and economically important biomineralising molluscs. Biomineralisation is a highly controlled biochemical process by which molluscs deposit their calcareous structures. In this process, shell matrix proteins aid the nucleation, growth and assemblage of the CaCO3 crystals in the shell. These molluscan shell proteins (MSPs) are, ultimately, responsible for determination of the diverse shell microstructures and mechanical strength. Recent studies have attempted to integrate gene and protein expression data of MSPs with shell structure and mechanical properties. These advances made in understanding the molecular mechanism of biomineralisation suggest that molluscs either succumb or adapt to OA stress. In this review, we discuss the fate of biomineralisation process in future high-CO2 oceans and its ultimate impact on the mineralised shell's structure and mechanical properties from the perspectives of limited substrate availability theory, proton flux limitation model and the omega myth theory. Furthermore, studying the interplay of energy availability and differential gene expression is an essential first step towards understanding adaptation of molluscan biomineralisation to OA, because if there is a need to change gene expression under stressors, any living system would require more energy than usual. To conclude, we have listed, four important future research directions for molecular adaptation of molluscan biomineralisation in high-CO2 oceans: 1) Including an energy budgeting factor while understanding differential gene expression of MSPs and ion transporters under OA. 2) Unraveling the genetic or epigenetic changes related to biomineralisation under stressors to help solving a bigger picture about future evolution of molluscs, and 3) Understanding Post Translational Modifications of MSPs with and without stressors. 4) Understanding carbon uptake mechanisms across taxa with and without OA to clarify the OA theories on Ω.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanmani Chandra Rajan
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Thiyagarajan Vengatesen
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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2
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Juan-Colas J, Jung YS, Johnson S, Evans JS. A Complicated Relationship: Glycosylation, Ca(II), and Primary Sequence Affect the Interactions and Kinetics between Two Model Mollusk Shell Intracrystalline Nacre Proteins. Biochemistry 2020; 59:346-350. [PMID: 31868354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The formation of the mollusk shell requires the participation of proteins, many of which may be interactive with one another. We examined a model protein pair system from the mollusk Haliotis rufescens, wherein we probed the interactions between recombinant forms of two major nacre layer proteins, AP7, and the glycoprotein, AP24. Here, the focus was on the impact that the AP24 glycosylation and primary sequence had on AP24-AP7 binding. We find that both the glycosylated and nonglycosylated variants of AP24 bound to AP7 but with different quantities, kinetics, and internal rearrangements. Moreover, the binding of AP7 with nonglycosylated and glycosylated AP24 was found to be Ca(II)-dependent and -independent, respectively. Yet both variants of AP24 combine with AP7 to form hybrid hydrogel particles that are similar in their physical properties. Thus, AP7 and AP24 protein sequences are interactive and form hydrogels, but the interactions are tuned by glycosylation and Ca(II). These features may have an impact on the nacre matrix formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Juan-Colas
- Department of Electronic Engineering , University of York , Heslington , York YO105DD , United Kingdom
| | - Yong Seob Jung
- Laboratory for Chemical Physics, Center for Skeletal and Craniofacial Biology , New York University , 345 East 24th Street , New York , New York 10010 , United States
| | - Steven Johnson
- Department of Electronic Engineering , University of York , Heslington , York YO105DD , United Kingdom
| | - John Spencer Evans
- Laboratory for Chemical Physics, Center for Skeletal and Craniofacial Biology , New York University , 345 East 24th Street , New York , New York 10010 , United States
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Evans JS. The Biomineralization Proteome: Protein Complexity for a Complex Bioceramic Assembly Process. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1900036. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201900036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Spencer Evans
- Laboratory for Chemical PhysicsDepartment of Skeletal and Craniofacial BiologyNew York University College of Dentistry New York NY 10010 USA
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Jin C, Ren HY, Pu JW, Liu XJ, Li JL. Identification of nacre matrix protein genes hic14 and hic19 and their roles in crystal growth and pearl formation in the mussel Hyriopsis cumingii. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2019; 66:545-554. [PMID: 30990920 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Biological mineralization is a highly programmed process in which inorganic minerals reassociate under the strict control of the extracellular matrix to form minerals with special functions and patterns. Shells are biominerals, and their synthesis is finely regulated by organic matrix including matrix proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, pigments, free amino acids, and small peptides. In this study, two matrix protein genes, hic14 and hic19, were isolated from the mantle of the mussel Hyriopsis cumingii. Tissue expression analysis showed that both proteins were expressed mainly in the mantle, and in situ hybridization of mantle tissues showed that they were specifically expressed in the dorsal epithelial cells of mantle pallial. Therefore, hic14 and hic19 were both nacreous layer matrix proteins. In the pearl insertion experiment, hic14 and hic19 kept low expression during pearl sac formation and disordered calcium carbonate deposition, and increased significantly during pearl nacre accumulation, which showed that both proteins participated in the mineralization of pearl nacre. In the RNA interference experiment, shell nacre tablet growth was inhibited after crystal nucleation due to the decreased expression of hic14, and crystal morphology and arrangement of nacre were highly modified after expression of hic19 was inhibited. These results provided further evidence that both hic14 and hic19 participated in nacreous layer biomineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Jin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yu Ren
- Class 1, 2016 Marine Biology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Wen Pu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Le Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Evans JS. Composite Materials Design: Biomineralization Proteins and the Guided Assembly and Organization of Biomineral Nanoparticles. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E581. [PMID: 30781347 PMCID: PMC6416723 DOI: 10.3390/ma12040581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There has been much discussion of the role of proteins in the calcium carbonate biomineralization process, particularly with regard to nucleation, amorphous stabilization/transformation, and polymorph selection. However, there has been little if any discussion of the potential role that proteins might play in another important process: the guided assembly and organization of mineral nanoparticles into higher-ordered structures such as mesocrystals. This review discusses particle attachment theory and recent evidence of mineral-associated proteins forming hydrogels that assemble and organize mineral clusters into crystalline phase. From this discussion we postulate a mechanism by which biomineralization protein hydrogel aggregation assists in mineral nanoparticle assembly and organization within calcium carbonate skeletal elements and discuss potentials ways for harnessing this process in materials design.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Spencer Evans
- Laboratory for Chemical Physics, Center for Skeletal and Craniofacial Biology, New York University, 345 E. 24th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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Jain G, Pendola M, Huang YC, Gebauer D, Koutsoumpeli E, Johnson S, Evans JS. Selective Synergism Created by Interactive Nacre Framework-Associated Proteins Possessing EGF and vWA Motifs: Implications for Mollusk Shell Formation. Biochemistry 2018; 57:2657-2666. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Jain
- Laboratory for Chemical Physics, Center for Skeletal and Craniofacial Biology, New York University, 345 East 24th Street, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Martin Pendola
- Laboratory for Chemical Physics, Center for Skeletal and Craniofacial Biology, New York University, 345 East 24th Street, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Yu-Chieh Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Universität Konstanz, Universitätstrasse 10, Konstanz D-78457, Germany
| | - Denis Gebauer
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Universität Konstanz, Universitätstrasse 10, Konstanz D-78457, Germany
| | - Eleni Koutsoumpeli
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York, Heslington, York YO105DD, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Johnson
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York, Heslington, York YO105DD, United Kingdom
| | - John Spencer Evans
- Laboratory for Chemical Physics, Center for Skeletal and Craniofacial Biology, New York University, 345 East 24th Street, New York, New York 10010, United States
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Risan J, Jain G, Pendola M, Evans JS. Intracrystalline incorporation of nacre protein hydrogels modifies the mechanical properties of calcite crystals: a microcompression study. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:4191-4196. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01156g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The fracture toughness of mollusk shell nacre has been attributed to many factors, one of which is the intracrystalline incorporation of nacre-specific proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Risan
- Nano Surfaces Division
- Bruker Corporation
- Eden Prairie
- USA
| | - Gaurav Jain
- Laboratory for Chemical Physics
- Division of Basic Sciences and Center for Skeletal and Craniofacial Biology
- New York University College of Dentistry
- NY
- USA
| | - Martin Pendola
- Laboratory for Chemical Physics
- Division of Basic Sciences and Center for Skeletal and Craniofacial Biology
- New York University College of Dentistry
- NY
- USA
| | - John Spencer Evans
- Laboratory for Chemical Physics
- Division of Basic Sciences and Center for Skeletal and Craniofacial Biology
- New York University College of Dentistry
- NY
- USA
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