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Zika A, Agarwal M, Schweins R, Gröhn F. Joining Two Switches in One Nano-Object: Photoacidity and Photoisomerization in Electrostatic Self-Assembly. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203373. [PMID: 36336659 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Multi-switchable supramolecular nano-objects that respond to irradiation of different wavelengths with changes in size and shape have been built from two different water-soluble molecular switches, joined by attachment to the same polyelectrolyte. Accordingly, two wavelength-specific reactions, namely the excited-state proton dissociation of a photoacid and the cis-trans isomerization of an azo dye, are combined in one supramolecular nano-object that is stable in aqueous solution. The concept has potential in the fields of sensors, molecular motors, and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Zika
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy &, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mohit Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy &, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,DS / LSS, Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20 156, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Ralf Schweins
- DS / LSS, Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20 156, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Franziska Gröhn
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy &, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Buglakov AI, Vasilevskaya VV. Fibrillar gel self-assembly via cononsolvency of amphiphilic polymer. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 614:181-193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.01.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Korpanty J, Parent LR, Hampu N, Weigand S, Gianneschi NC. Thermoresponsive polymer assemblies via variable temperature liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy and small angle X-ray scattering. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6568. [PMID: 34772926 PMCID: PMC8589985 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26773-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, phase transitions of a class of thermally-responsive polymers, namely a homopolymer, diblock, and triblock copolymer, were studied to gain mechanistic insight into nanoscale assembly dynamics via variable temperature liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy (VT-LCTEM) correlated with variable temperature small angle X-ray scattering (VT-SAXS). We study thermoresponsive poly(diethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate) (PDEGMA)-based block copolymers and mitigate sample damage by screening electron flux and solvent conditions during LCTEM and by evaluating polymer survival via post-mortem matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS). Our multimodal approach, utilizing VT-LCTEM with MS validation and VT-SAXS, is generalizable across polymeric systems and can be used to directly image solvated nanoscale structures and thermally-induced transitions. Our strategy of correlating VT-SAXS with VT-LCTEM provided direct insight into transient nanoscale intermediates formed during the thermally-triggered morphological transformation of a PDEGMA-based triblock. Notably, we observed the temperature-triggered formation and slow relaxation of core-shell particles with complex microphase separation in the core by both VT-SAXS and VT-LCTEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Korpanty
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Lucas R Parent
- Innovation Partnership Building, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Nicholas Hampu
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Steven Weigand
- DuPont-Northwestern-Dow Collaborative Access Team (DND-CAT) Synchrotron Research Center, Northwestern University, Argonne, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
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Uehara N, Masubuchi Y, Inagawa A. Manipulation of aggregation-induced emission of thermoresponsive fluorescent polymers having Au(I)–S groups for a fluorescent chemosensor. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/galactomannan from Delonix regia seed thermal responsive graft copolymer via Schiff base reaction. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:144-154. [PMID: 33190824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm-NH2) was grafted onto oxidized galactomannan polysaccharide extracted from Delonix regia (OXGM) via Schiff base reaction by a simple, rapid synthetic route, deprived of the use of organic solvents. Grafting was confirmed by FTIR and 1H NMR and the self-organizing ability of the obtained nanoparticle copolymers was investigated by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The minimum concentration required for self-organization (CAC) at 25 °C was higher than at 50 °C. Lower critical solution temperature (LCST) was in the range 34-40 °C, depending on both inserted PNIPAm-NH2 molar mass and on the presence of reduced imine bond. Synthesized copolymers are promising candidates for drug delivery as they show good cell viability, particle size around 250 nm and transition temperature closer to that of human body. Reaction success points out to the possibility of use free aldehyde groups of oxidized polysaccharide, not used in the copolymerization, to form a pro-drug with substances that possess NH2 groups in their structure, such as doxorubicin.
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Zika A, Bernhardt S, Gröhn F. Photoresponsive Photoacid-Macroion Nano-Assemblies. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1746. [PMID: 32764323 PMCID: PMC7464814 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, light-responsive nano-assemblies with light-switchable size based on photoacids are presented. Anionic disulfonated napthol derivates and cationic dendrimer macroions are used as building blocks for electrostatic self-assembly. Nanoparticles are already formed under the exclusion of light as a result of electrostatic interactions. Upon photoexcitation, an excited-state dissociation of the photoacidic hydroxyl group takes place, which leads to a more highly charged linker molecule and, subsequently, to a change in size and structure of the nano-assemblies. The effects of the charge ratio and the concentration on the stability have been examined with absorption spectroscopy and ζ-potential measurements. The influence of the chemical structure of three isomeric photoacids on the size and shape of the nanoscale aggregates has been studied by dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy, revealing a direct correlation of the strength of the photoacid with the changes of the assemblies upon irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Franziska Gröhn
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany; (A.Z.); (S.B.)
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Bozorg M, Hankiewicz B, Abetz V. Solubility behaviour of random and gradient copolymers of di- and oligo(ethylene oxide) methacrylate in water: effect of various additives. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:1066-1081. [PMID: 31859702 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02032b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Poly[oligo(ethylene oxide)] based gradient and random copolymers with different compositions are synthesized via Cu-based atom transfer radical polymerization. The solubility behavior of these copolymers in pure water and in the presence of different salts, surfactants and ethanol is investigated. According to dynamic light scattering results, the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) depends on the structure of the copolymer and changes slightly in the presence of additives. Good cosolvents like ethanol can increase the LCST through dissolving the collapsed copolymer chains to some extent. The same effect is observed for surfactants that make the copolymer solution more stable by preventing aggregation. Above a certain concentration of surfactant, depending on the copolymer structure, the solution is stable at all temperatures (no LCST). The effect of salts on the solubility of the copolymers follows the Hofmeister series and it is related linearly to the salt concentration. Based on their affinity to the copolymer, the salts can increase or decrease the LCST. There is a considerable difference in phase transition changes for gradient or random copolymers after salt addition. While both copolymers show a two-step phase transition in the presence of different salts, the changes in the hydrodynamic radius and normalized scattering intensity are rather broad for random compared to gradient copolymers. Contrary to what was expected, varying the cations has no distinguishable effect on the LCST for both copolymers. All chlorides decrease the LCST. This decrease is almost the same for gradient copolymers and fluctuates for random copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Bozorg
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Hankiewicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Volker Abetz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany and Institute of Polymer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
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Nothdurft K, Müller DH, Brands T, Bardow A, Richtering W. Enrichment of methanol inside pNIPAM gels in the cononsolvency-induced collapse. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:22811-22818. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04383g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
From Raman, we determined an enrichment of methanol inside the polymer in the cononsolvency-induced collapse and donor-type hydrogen-bonding of methanol with pNIPAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Nothdurft
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
| | - David H. Müller
- Institute of Technical Thermodynamics
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52062 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Thorsten Brands
- Institute of Technical Thermodynamics
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52062 Aachen
- Germany
| | - André Bardow
- Institute of Technical Thermodynamics
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52062 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
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