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Malashin I, Daibagya D, Tynchenko V, Gantimurov A, Nelyub V, Borodulin A. Predicting Diffusion Coefficients in Nafion Membranes during the Soaking Process Using a Machine Learning Approach. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1204. [PMID: 38732673 PMCID: PMC11085799 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Nafion, a versatile polymer used in electrochemistry and membrane technologies, exhibits complex behaviors in saline environments. This study explores Nafion membrane's IR spectra during soaking and subsequent drying processes in salt solutions at various concentrations. Utilizing the principles of Fick's second law, diffusion coefficients for these processes are derived via exponential approximation. By harnessing machine learning (ML) techniques, including the optimization of neural network hyperparameters via a genetic algorithm (GA) and leveraging various regressors, we effectively pinpointed the optimal model for predicting diffusion coefficients. Notably, for the prediction of soaking coefficients, our model is composed of layers with 64, 64, 32, and 16 neurons, employing ReLU, ELU, sigmoid, and ELU activation functions, respectively. Conversely, for drying coefficients, our model features two hidden layers with 16 and 12 neurons, utilizing sigmoid and ELU activation functions, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Malashin
- Artificial Intelligence Technology Scientific and Education Center, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia (A.G.); (V.N.); (A.B.)
| | - Daniil Daibagya
- Artificial Intelligence Technology Scientific and Education Center, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia (A.G.); (V.N.); (A.B.)
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim Tynchenko
- Artificial Intelligence Technology Scientific and Education Center, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia (A.G.); (V.N.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrei Gantimurov
- Artificial Intelligence Technology Scientific and Education Center, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia (A.G.); (V.N.); (A.B.)
| | - Vladimir Nelyub
- Artificial Intelligence Technology Scientific and Education Center, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia (A.G.); (V.N.); (A.B.)
- Scientific Department, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Aleksei Borodulin
- Artificial Intelligence Technology Scientific and Education Center, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia (A.G.); (V.N.); (A.B.)
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2
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Brown EK, Rovelli G, Wilson KR. pH jump kinetics in colliding microdroplets: accelerated synthesis of azamonardine from dopamine and resorcinol. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6430-6442. [PMID: 37325131 PMCID: PMC10266468 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01576a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies report the dramatic acceleration of chemical reactions in micron-sized compartments. In the majority of these studies the exact acceleration mechanism is unknown but the droplet interface is thought to play a significant role. Dopamine reacts with resorcinol to form a fluorescent product azamonardine and is used as a model system to examine how droplet interfaces accelerate reaction kinetics. The reaction is initiated by colliding two droplets levitated in a branched quadrupole trap, which allows the reaction to be observed in individual droplets where the size, concentration, and charge are carefully controlled. The collision of two droplets produces a pH jump and the reaction kinetics are quantified optically and in situ by measuring the formation of azamonardine. The reaction was observed to occur 1.5 to 7.4 times faster in 9-35 micron droplets compared to the same reaction conducted in a macroscale container. A kinetic model of the experimental results suggests that the acceleration mechanism arises from both the more rapid diffusion of oxygen into the droplet, as well as increased reagent concentrations at the air-water interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Brown
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA +1 510-495-2474
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Grazia Rovelli
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA +1 510-495-2474
| | - Kevin R Wilson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA +1 510-495-2474
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3
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Domhoff A, Wang X, Silva MS, Creager S, Martin TB, Davis EM. Role of nanoparticle size and surface chemistry on ion transport and nanostructure of perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer nanocomposites. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:3342-3357. [PMID: 35297438 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01573g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a systematic investigation of the impact of silica nanoparticle (SiNP) size and surface chemistry on the nanoparticle dispersion state and the resulting morphology and vanadium ion permeability of the composite ionomer membranes. Specifically, Nafion containing a mass fraction of 5% silica particles, ranging in nominal diameters from 10 nm to >1 μm and with both sulfonic acid- and amine-functionalized surfaces, was fabricated. Most notably, an 80% reduction in vanadium ion permeability was observed for ionomer membranes containing amine-functionalized SiNPs at a nominal diameter of 200 nm. Further, these membranes exhibited an almost 400% increase in proton selectivity when compared to pristine Nafion. Trends in vanadium ion permeability within a particular nominal diameter were seen to be a function of the surface chemistry, where, for example, vanadyl ion permeability was observed to increase with increasing particle size for membranes containing unfunctionalized SiNPs, while it was seen to remain relatively constant for membranes containing amine-functionalized SiNPs. In general, the silica particles tended to exhibit a higher extent of aggregation as the size of the particles was increased. From small-angle neutron scattering experiments, an increase in the spacing of the hydrophobic domains was observed for all composite membranes, though particle size and surface chemistry were seen to have varying impacts on the spacing of the ionic domains of the ionomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Domhoff
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA.
| | - Xueting Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA.
| | - Mayura S Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
| | - Stephen Creager
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
| | - Tyler B Martin
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Eric M Davis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA.
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Mehdizadeh Chellehbari Y, Sayyad Amin J, Zendehboudi S. How Does a Microfluidic Platform Tune the Morphological Properties of Polybenzimidazole Nanoparticles? J Phys Chem B 2021; 126:308-326. [PMID: 34958735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c08192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic synthesis methods are among the most promising approaches for controlling the size and morphology of polymeric nanoparticles (NPs). In this work, for the first time, atomistic mechanisms involved in morphological changes of polybenzimidazole (PBI) NPs in microfluidic media are investigated. The multiscale molecular dynamic (MD) simulations are validated with the literature modeling and experimental data. A good agreement is obtained between the molecular modeling results and experimental data. The effects of mixing time, solvent type, dopant, and simulation box size at the molecular level are investigated. Mixing time has a positive impact on the morphology of the PBI NPs. Microfluidic technology can control the mixing time well and engineer the morphology of the NPs. In the process of morphological changes, at the optimum time (about 11.5 ms), the attraction energy between the polymer molecules is at the highest level (-37.65 kJ/mol). The size of the polymer NPs is minimal (2.3 nm), and the aspect ratio and entropy are at the lowest level, equal to 1.07 and 11.024 kJ/mol·K, respectively. It was found that the presence of water leads to the precipitation of polymeric NPs owing to the dominance of hydrophobic forces. Both dimethylacetamide (DMA) and phosphoric acid (PA) improve the control of the size and morphology of NPs. However, the addition of PA has a greater impact; PA acts as a cross-linker, making PBI NPs finer and more spherical. In addition, MD simulation reveals that PA increases the proton diffusion coefficient in PBI and enhances its efficiency in fuel cells. This study paves a new efficient way for morphological engineering of polymeric NPs using microfluidic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javad Sayyad Amin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht IR 41335, Iran
| | - Sohrab Zendehboudi
- Department of Process Engineering, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
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Michelarakis N, Franz F, Gkagkas K, Gräter F. Longitudinal strand ordering leads to shear thinning in Nafion. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:25901-25910. [PMID: 34779459 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02024b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) offer a promising energy generation alternative for a wide range of technologies thanks to their ecological friendliness and unparalleled efficiency. At the heart of these electrochemical cells lies the membrane electrode assembly with its most important energy conversion components, the Proton Exchange Membrane. This component is created through the use of printing techniques and Nafion inks. The physicochemical properties of the ink, such as its viscosity under shear, are critical for the finished product. In this work we present non-equilibrium Molecular Dynamics simulations using a MARTINI based coarse-grained model for Nafion to understand the mechanism governing the shear viscosity of Nafion solutions. By simulating a Couette flow and calculating density maps of the Nafion chains in these simulations we shed light on the process that leads to the experimentally observed shear thinning effects of Nafion solutions under flow. We observe rod-shaped Nafion microstructures, 3 nm in size on average, when shear flow is absent or low. Higher shear rates instead break these structures and align Nafion strands along the direction of the flow, resulting in lower shear viscosities. Our work paves the way for a deeper understanding of the dynamic and mechanical properties of Nafion including studies of more complex CL and PEM inks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Michelarakis
- Molecular Biomechanics Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Franz
- Molecular Biomechanics Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Gkagkas
- Toyota Motor Europe, Technical Center, Toyota Motor Europe NVSA, Zavente, Belgium
| | - Frauke Gräter
- Molecular Biomechanics Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, INF 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Kim JM, Beckingham BS. Transport and co‐transport of carboxylate ions and alcohols in cation exchange membranes. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
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7
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Katzenberg A, Angulo A, Kusoglu A, Modestino MA. Impacts of Organic Sorbates on the Ionic Conductivity and Nanostructure of Perfluorinated Sulfonic-Acid Ionomers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adlai Katzenberg
- Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Andrea Angulo
- Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Ahmet Kusoglu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Miguel A. Modestino
- Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
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Soniat M, Dischinger SM, Weng L, Martinez Beltran H, Weber AZ, Miller DJ, Houle FA. Toward predictive permeabilities: Experimental measurements and multiscale simulation of methanol transport in Nafion. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marielle Soniat
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA
| | - Sarah M. Dischinger
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA
| | - Lien‐Chun Weng
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of California Berkeley Berkeley California USA
| | - Hajhayra Martinez Beltran
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of California Berkeley Berkeley California USA
| | - Adam Z. Weber
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA
| | - Daniel J. Miller
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA
| | - Frances A. Houle
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA
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10
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Chen X, Wang Y, Cheng Z, Wei J, Shi Y, Qian J. Diffusion Behavior of Drug Molecules in Acrylic Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:9408-9419. [PMID: 32363293 PMCID: PMC7191847 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) is widely used in transdermal drug delivery systems, while the diffusion behavior of drug molecules in PSA is of great importance. In this paper, PSAs with different cross-link densities were prepared by adjusting the ratio of cross-linkers. The effects of cross-link density and temperature on the diffusion of drugs in PSA were investigated by Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance and molecular dynamics simulation. The consistency between the experimental and simulation results demonstrated that molecular dynamics simulation could be used to predict the diffusion behavior of drugs in PSA. The results showed that free volume and the wriggling of polymer chains are positively related to the diffusion coefficient of drug molecules, while hydrogen bonds hinder drug diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexue Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials of Shanghai, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, East China University
of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials of Shanghai, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, East China University
of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhipeng Cheng
- Key
Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials of Shanghai, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, East China University
of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Key
Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School
of Materials Science and Engineering, East
China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yifeng Shi
- Hangzhou
Rongfang Pressure Sensitive New Material Company, Ltd., Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Key
Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials of Shanghai, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, East China University
of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- . Phone: +862164252464
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11
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Soniat M, Tesfaye M, Mafi A, Brooks DJ, Humphrey ND, Weng L, Merinov B, Goddard WA, Weber AZ, Houle FA. Permeation of CO
2
and N
2
through glassy poly(dimethyl phenylene) oxide under steady‐ and presteady‐state conditions. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marielle Soniat
- Joint Center for Artificial PhotosynthesisLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California
- Chemical Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California
| | - Meron Tesfaye
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources DivisionLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of California Berkeley California
| | - Amirhossein Mafi
- Materials and Process Simulation Center (MSC), Beckman InstituteCalifornia Institute of Technology Pasadena California
| | - Daniel J. Brooks
- Materials and Process Simulation Center (MSC), Beckman InstituteCalifornia Institute of Technology Pasadena California
| | - Nicholas D. Humphrey
- Materials and Process Simulation Center (MSC), Beckman InstituteCalifornia Institute of Technology Pasadena California
| | - Lien‐Chun Weng
- Joint Center for Artificial PhotosynthesisLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of California Berkeley California
| | - Boris Merinov
- Materials and Process Simulation Center (MSC), Beckman InstituteCalifornia Institute of Technology Pasadena California
| | - William A. Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center (MSC), Beckman InstituteCalifornia Institute of Technology Pasadena California
| | - Adam Z. Weber
- Joint Center for Artificial PhotosynthesisLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources DivisionLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California
| | - Frances A. Houle
- Joint Center for Artificial PhotosynthesisLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California
- Chemical Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California
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