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Albanese K, Morris PT, Read de Alaniz J, Bates CM, Hawker CJ. Controlled-Radical Polymerization of α-Lipoic Acid: A General Route to Degradable Vinyl Copolymers. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22728-22734. [PMID: 37813389 PMCID: PMC10591472 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present the synthesis and characterization of statistical and block copolymers containing α-lipoic acid (LA) using reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization. LA, a readily available nutritional supplement, undergoes efficient radical ring-opening copolymerization with vinyl monomers in a controlled manner with predictable molecular weights and low molar-mass dispersities. Because lipoic acid diads present in the resulting copolymers include disulfide bonds, these materials efficiently and rapidly degrade when exposed to mild reducing agents such as tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (Mn = 56 → 3.6 kg mol-1). This scalable and versatile polymerization method affords a facile way to synthesize degradable polymers with controlled architectures, molecular weights, and molar-mass dispersities from α-lipoic acid, a commercially available and renewable monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin
R. Albanese
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Research Laboratory, Materials Department, and Department of
Chemical Engineering, University of California,
Santa Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Parker T. Morris
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Research Laboratory, Materials Department, and Department of
Chemical Engineering, University of California,
Santa Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Javier Read de Alaniz
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Research Laboratory, Materials Department, and Department of
Chemical Engineering, University of California,
Santa Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Christopher M. Bates
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Research Laboratory, Materials Department, and Department of
Chemical Engineering, University of California,
Santa Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Research Laboratory, Materials Department, and Department of
Chemical Engineering, University of California,
Santa Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
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Melnikova D, Khisravashirova C, Smotrina T, Skirda V. Interaction of Hyaluronan Acid with Some Proteins in Aqueous Solution as Studied by NMR. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:436. [PMID: 37103863 PMCID: PMC10141478 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13040436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
According to actual literature data, hyaluronic acid (HA) that is presented in the extracellular matrix can interact with proteins and thereby affect several important functions of the cell membrane. The purpose of this work was to reveal the features of the interaction of HA with proteins using the PFG NMR method by sampling two systems: aqueous solutions of HA with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and aqueous solutions of HA with hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL). It was found that the presence of BSA in the HA aqueous solution initiates a certain additional mechanism; as a result, the population of HA molecules in the gel structure increases to almost 100%. At the same time, for an aqueous solution of HA/HEWL, even in the range of low (0.01-0.2%) HEWL contents, strong signs of degradation (depolymerization) of some HA macromolecules were observed such that they lost the ability to form a gel. Moreover, lysozyme molecules form a strong complex with degraded HA molecules and lose their enzymatic function. Thus, the presence of HA molecules in the intercellular matrix, as well as in the state associated with the surface of the cell membrane, can, in addition to the known ones, perform one more important function: the function of protecting the cell membrane from the destructive action of lysozymes. The obtained results are important for understanding the mechanism and features of the interaction of extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan with cell membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Melnikova
- Department of Molecular Physics, Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420011, Russia
| | - Catherine Khisravashirova
- Department of Molecular Physics, Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420011, Russia
| | - Tatiana Smotrina
- Department of Chemistry, Mari State University, Yoshkar-Ola 424002, Russia
| | - Vladimir Skirda
- Department of Molecular Physics, Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420011, Russia
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Wang Y, Chen X, Xu X, Du M, Wu C. Reducing disulfide bonds as a robust strategy to facilitate the self-assembly of cod protein fabricating potential active ingredients-nanocarrier. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 222:113080. [PMID: 36542952 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.113080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel method was developed to encapsulate hydrophobic compounds by self-assembly of cod protein (CP) triggered by breaking disulfide bonds. Curcumin (Cur), a representative lipid-soluble polyphenol, was selected as a model to evaluate the potential of CP nanoparticles as novel and accessible nanocarriers. Results showed that the protein structure gradually unfolded with increasing dithiothreitol (DTT) concentration, indicating that S-S cleavage was conducive to forming a looser structure. The resultant unfolded CP exposed more hydrophobic sites, facilitating its interaction with hydrophobic compounds. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) of formed CP-Cur nanoparticles was relatively high, reaching 99.09%, 98.8%, and 89.77% when the mass ratios of CP to Cur were 20:1, 10:1, and 5:1 (w/v), respectively. The hydrophobic interaction, weak van der Waals, and hydrogen bond were the forces contributing to the formation of CP-Cur nanoparticles, whereas the hydrophobic interaction played a crucial role. The CP-Cur complex exhibited increased stability and a homogeneous-stable structural phase. Thus, this research not only proposed a novel and simple encapsulation method of hydrophobic bioactive compounds but also provided a theoretical reference for the application of reductants in food or pharmacy system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China; College of Food Science, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; College of Food Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130015, China
| | - Xufei Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China; College of Food Science, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xianbing Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China; College of Food Science, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Ming Du
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China; College of Food Science, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Chao Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China; College of Food Science, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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Wang Y, Chen X, Xu X, Du M, Zhu B, Wu C. Disulfide bond-breaking induced structural unfolding and assembly of soy protein acting as a nanovehicle for curcumin. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2022.103188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Shi Y, Tian H, Xia Y, Sun Y, Zhou Z, Ren Y, Shi T, Liu Z, Ma G. Deciphering the reaction mechanism and the reactivity of the TCEP species towards reduction of hexachloroiridate(IV). J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Xi Y, Liu B, Jiang H, Yin S, Ngai T, Yang X. Sodium caseinate as a particulate emulsifier for making indefinitely recycled pH-responsive emulsions. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3797-3803. [PMID: 34122848 PMCID: PMC8152521 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05050g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
pH-responsive emulsions are one of the simplest and most readily implementable stimuli-responsive systems. However, their practical uses have been greatly hindered by cyclability. Here, we report a robust pH-responsive emulsion prepared by utilizing pure sodium caseinate (NaCas) as the sole emulsifier. We demonstrate that the emulsification/demulsification of the obtained NaCas-stabilized emulsion can be triggered by simply changing the pH value over 100 cycles, which has never been observed in any protein-stabilized emulsion system. The NaCas-stabilized emulsion maintains its pH-responsive properties even in a saturated salt solution (NaCl ∼ 6.1 M) or seawater. We illustrate how NaCas functions in pH-responsive emulsions and show that when conventional nanoparticles such as zein protein or bare SiO2 particles were coated with a layer of NaCas, the resulting formulated emulsions could be switched on and off over 10 cycles. The unique properties of NaCas thus enable the engineering of conventional Pickering emulsions to pH-responsive Pickering emulsions. Finally, we have integrated catalytically active gold (Au) nanoclusters (NCs) into the NaCas protein and then utilized them to produce emulsions. Remarkably, these NaCas-Au NCs assembled at the oil-water interface exhibited excellent catalytic activity and cyclability, not only in aqueous solution, but also in complicated seawater environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Xi
- Research and Development Centre of Food Proteins, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products Safety, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- Research and Development Centre of Food Proteins, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products Safety, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Hang Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin N. T. Hong Kong
| | - Shouwei Yin
- Research and Development Centre of Food Proteins, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products Safety, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China .,Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin N. T. Hong Kong .,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center) Guangzhou 510640 PR China
| | - To Ngai
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin N. T. Hong Kong
| | - Xiaoquan Yang
- Research and Development Centre of Food Proteins, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products Safety, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China .,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center) Guangzhou 510640 PR China
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Effect of casein on pure lecithin liposome: Mixed biomacromolecular system for providing superior stabilization to hydrophobic molecules. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 180:298-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Nesmelova IV, Melnikova DL, Ranjan V, Skirda VD. Translational diffusion of unfolded and intrinsically disordered proteins. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 166:85-108. [PMID: 31521238 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Translational (or self-diffusion) coefficient in dilute solution is inversely proportional to the size of a diffusing molecule, and hence self-diffusion coefficient measurements have been applied to determine the effective hydrodynamic radii for a range of native and nonnative protein conformations. In particular, translational diffusion coefficient measurements are useful to estimate the hydrodynamic radius of natively (or intrinsically) disordered proteins in solution, and, thereby, probe the compactness of a protein as well as its change when environmental parameters such as temperature, solution pH, or protein concentration are varied. The situation becomes more complicated in concentrated solutions. In this review, we discuss the translational diffusion of disordered proteins in dilute and crowded solutions, focusing primarily on the information provided by pulsed-field gradient NMR technique, and draw analogies to well-structured globular proteins and synthetic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Nesmelova
- Department of Physics and Optical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC, United States; Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC, United States.
| | | | - Venkatesh Ranjan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC, United States
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