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Recent Advances in Drug Delivery System Fabricated by Microfluidics for Disease Therapy. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9110625. [DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional drug therapy faces challenges such as drug distribution throughout the body, rapid degradation and excretion, and extensive adverse reactions. In contrast, micro/nanoparticles can controllably deliver drugs to target sites to improve drug efficacy. Unlike traditional large-scale synthetic systems, microfluidics allows manipulation of fluids at the microscale and shows great potential in drug delivery and precision medicine. Well-designed microfluidic devices have been used to fabricate multifunctional drug carriers using stimuli-responsive materials. In this review, we first introduce the selection of materials and processing techniques for microfluidic devices. Then, various well-designed microfluidic chips are shown for the fabrication of multifunctional micro/nanoparticles as drug delivery vehicles. Finally, we describe the interaction of drugs with lymphatic vessels that are neglected in organs-on-chips. Overall, the accelerated development of microfluidics holds great potential for the clinical translation of micro/nanoparticle drug delivery systems for disease treatment.
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Giannitelli SM, Limiti E, Mozetic P, Pinelli F, Han X, Abbruzzese F, Basoli F, Del Rio D, Scialla S, Rossi F, Trombetta M, Rosanò L, Gigli G, Zhang ZJ, Mauri E, Rainer A. Droplet-based microfluidic synthesis of nanogels for controlled drug delivery: tailoring nanomaterial properties via pneumatically actuated flow-focusing junction. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:11415-11428. [PMID: 35903969 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00827k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Conventional batch syntheses of polymer-based nanoparticles show considerable shortcomings in terms of scarce control over nanomaterials morphology and limited lot-to-lot reproducibility. Droplet-based microfluidics represents a valuable strategy to overcome these constraints, exploiting the formation of nanoparticles within discrete microdroplets. In this work, we synthesized nanogels (NGs) composed of hyaluronic acid and polyethyleneimine using a microfluidic flow-focusing device endowed with a pressure-driven micro-actuator. The actuator achieves real-time modulation of the junction orifice width, thereby regulating the microdroplet diameter and, as a result, the NG size. Acting on process parameters, NG hydrodynamic diameter could be tuned in the range 92-190 nm while preserving an extremely low polydispersity (0.015); those values are hardly achievable in batch syntheses and underline the strength of our toolbox for the continuous in-flow synthesis of nanocarriers. Furthermore, NGs were validated in vitro as a drug delivery system in a representative case study still lacking an effective therapeutic treatment: ovarian cancer. Using doxorubicin as a chemotherapeutic agent, we show that NG-mediated release of the drug results in an enhanced antiblastic effect vs. the non-encapsulated administration route even at sublethal dosages, highlighting the wide applicability of our microfluidics-enabled nanomaterials in healthcare scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Maria Giannitelli
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Limiti
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Pamela Mozetic
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology (NANOTEC), National Research Council, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Filippo Pinelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Xiaoyu Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Franca Abbruzzese
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Basoli
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Danila Del Rio
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), via Degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Scialla
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy.
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Trombetta
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Laura Rosanò
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), via Degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Institute of Nanotechnology (NANOTEC), National Research Council, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi", Università del Salento, via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Zhenyu Jason Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Emanuele Mauri
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alberto Rainer
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy.
- Institute of Nanotechnology (NANOTEC), National Research Council, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Guan Y, Zhang Y. Magnetic Field-Assisted Fast Assembly of Microgel Colloidal Crystals. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:6057-6065. [PMID: 35502583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Compared with the colloidal crystals (CCs) of hard spheres, large-scale, high-quality CCs of soft microgel spheres are easier to be assembled because they are more tolerant to defects. However, to assemble microgel CCs, a microgel dispersion should first be concentrated and then allowed to crystallize, which is tedious and time-consuming. Herein, we demonstrated that a magnetic poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgel with an Fe3O4 core and a PNIPAM shell can be assembled into CCs quickly by simply applying an external magnetic field to the diluted microgel dispersions. The resulting CCs are highly ordered as revealed by their iridescent color, laser diffraction pattern, and confocal characterization. They display a sharp Bragg peak on their reflection spectra, which shifts to lower wavelength when heated because of the thermosensitivity of the PNIPAM shell. The magnetic assembly is not only simple and fast but also allows control of the CC structure in both horizontal and vertical directions. Using spatially varying magnetic fields, patterned microgel CCs were facilely assembled. More importantly, magnetic microgel spheres with different sizes can be assembled in a layer-by-layer manner by adding them sequentially, and the thickness of each layer can be simply controlled by the amount of spheres added.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ying Guan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
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Bantawa M, Fontaine-Seiler WA, Olmsted PD, Del Gado E. Microscopic interactions and emerging elasticity in model soft particulate gels. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:414001. [PMID: 34265744 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac14f6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We discuss a class of models for particulate gels in which the particle contacts are described by an effective interaction combining a two-body attraction and a three-body angular repulsion. Using molecular dynamics, we show how varying the model parameters allows us to sample, for a given gelation protocol, a variety of gel morphologies. For a specific set of the model parameters, we identify the local elastic structures that get interlocked in the gel network. Using the analytical expression of their elastic energy from the microscopic interactions, we can estimate their contribution to the emergent elasticity of the gel and gain new insight into its origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minaspi Bantawa
- Department of Physics, Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20057, United States of America
| | - Wayan A Fontaine-Seiler
- Department of Physics, Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20057, United States of America
| | - Peter D Olmsted
- Department of Physics, Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20057, United States of America
| | - Emanuela Del Gado
- Department of Physics, Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20057, United States of America
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Srikanth S, Dudala S, Jayapiriya US, Mohan JM, Raut S, Dubey SK, Ishii I, Javed A, Goel S. Droplet-based lab-on-chip platform integrated with laser ablated graphene heaters to synthesize gold nanoparticles for electrochemical sensing and fuel cell applications. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9750. [PMID: 33963200 PMCID: PMC8105317 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88068-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlled, stable and uniform temperature environment with quick response are crucial needs for many lab-on-chip (LOC) applications requiring thermal management. Laser Induced Graphene (LIG) heater is one such mechanism capable of maintaining a wide range of steady state temperature. LIG heaters are thin, flexible, and inexpensive and can be fabricated easily in different geometric configurations. In this perspective, herein, the electro-thermal performance of the LIG heater has been examined for different laser power values and scanning speeds. The experimented laser ablated patterns exhibited varying electrical conductivity corresponding to different combinations of power and speed of the laser. The conductivity of the pattern can be tailored by tuning the parameters which exhibit, a wide range of temperatures making them suitable for diverse lab-on-chip applications. A maximum temperature of 589 °C was observed for a combination of 15% laser power and 5.5% scanning speed. A LOC platform was realized by integrating the developed LIG heaters with a droplet-based microfluidic device. The performance of this LOC platform was analyzed for effective use of LIG heaters to synthesize Gold nanoparticles (GNP). Finally, the functionality of the synthesized GNPs was validated by utilizing them as catalyst in enzymatic glucose biofuel cell and in electrochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangam Srikanth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad, 500078, India
| | - Sohan Dudala
- MEMS, Microfluidics and Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, 500078, India
| | - U S Jayapiriya
- MEMS, Microfluidics and Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, 500078, India
| | - J Murali Mohan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad, 500078, India
| | - Sushil Raut
- Digital Monozukuri (Manufacturing) Education Research Centre, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-0046, Japan
| | - Satish Kumar Dubey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad, 500078, India
| | - Idaku Ishii
- Smart Robotics Lab, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Arshad Javed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad, 500078, India
| | - Sanket Goel
- MEMS, Microfluidics and Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, 500078, India.
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Haddadi S, Skepö M, Jannasch P, Manner S, Forsman J. Building polymer-like clusters from colloidal particles with isotropic interactions, in aqueous solution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 581:669-681. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.07.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Liu L, Li G, Xiang N, Huang X, Shiba K. Microfluidic Production of Autofluorescent BSA Hydrogel Microspheres and Their Sequential Trapping for Fluorescence-Based On-Chip Permanganate Sensing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E5886. [PMID: 33080899 PMCID: PMC7594029 DOI: 10.3390/s20205886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microfabrication technologies have extensively advanced over the past decades, realizing a variety of well-designed compact devices for material synthesis, separation, analysis, monitoring, sensing, and so on. The performance of such devices has been undoubtedly improved, while it is still challenging to build up a platform by rationally combining multiple processes toward practical demands which become more diverse and complicated. Here, we present a simple and effective microfluidic system to produce and immobilize a well-defined functional material for on-chip permanganate (MnO4-) sensing. A droplet-based microfluidic approach that can continuously produce monodispersed droplets in a water-in-oil system is employed to prepare highly uniform microspheres (average size: 102 μm, coefficient of variation: 3.7%) composed of bovine serum albumin (BSA) hydrogel with autofluorescence properties in the presence of glutaraldehyde (GA). Each BSA hydrogel microsphere is subsequently immobilized in a microchannel with a hydrodynamic trapping structure to serve as an independent fluorescence unit. Various anions such as Cl-, NO3-, PO43-, Br-, BrO3-, ClO4-, SCN-, HCO3-, and MnO4- are individually flowed into the microchannel, resulting in significant fluorescence quenching only in the case of MnO4-. Linear correlation is confirmed at an MnO4- concentration from 20 to 80 μM, and a limit of detection is estimated to be 1.7 μM. Furthermore, we demonstrate the simultaneous immobilization of two kinds of different microspheres in parallel microchannels, pure BSA hydrogel microspheres and BSA hydrogel microspheres containing rhodamine B molecules, making it possible to acquire two fluorescence signals (green and yellow). The present microfluidics-based combined approach will be useful to record a fingerprint of complicated samples for sensing/identification purposes by flexibly designing the size and composition of the BSA hydrogel microspheres, immobilizing them in a desired manner and obtaining a specific pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbo Liu
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; (L.L.); (X.H.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China;
| | - Guangming Li
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; (L.L.); (X.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun 130022, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Nan Xiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China;
| | - Xing Huang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; (L.L.); (X.H.)
- Institute of Process Equipment, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kota Shiba
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; (L.L.); (X.H.)
- Center for Functional Sensor & Actuator (CFSN), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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Månsson LK, Peng F, Crassous JJ, Schurtenberger P. A microgel-Pickering emulsion route to colloidal molecules with temperature-tunable interaction sites. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:1908-1921. [PMID: 31995090 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02401h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A simple Pickering emulsion route has been developed for the assembly of temperature-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgel particles into colloidal molecules comprising a small number of discrete microgel interaction sites on a central oil emulsion droplet. Here, the surface activity of the microgels serves to drive their assembly through adsorption to growing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) emulsion oil droplets of high monodispersity, prepared in situ via ammonia-catalysed hydrolysis and condensation of dimethyldiethoxysilane (DMDES). A dialysis step is employed in order to limit further growth once the target assembly size has been reached, thus yielding narrowly size-distributed, colloidal molecule-like microgel-Pickering emulsion oil droplets with well-defined microgel interaction sites. The temperature-responsiveness of the PNIPAM interaction sites will allow for the directional interactions to be tuned in a facile manner with temperature, all the way from soft repulsive to short-range attractive as the their volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) is crossed. Finally, the microgel-Pickering emulsion approach is extended to a mixture of PNIPAM and poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) (PNIPMAM) microgels that differ with respect to their VPTT, this in order to prepare patchy colloidal molecules where the directional interactions will be more readily resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda K Månsson
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, POB 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. and NanoLund, POB 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Feifei Peng
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, POB 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. and NanoLund, POB 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jérôme J Crassous
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 AAchen, Germany
| | - Peter Schurtenberger
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, POB 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. and NanoLund, POB 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden and Lund Institute of Advanced Neutron and X-ray Science (LINXS), Scheelevägen 19, SE-22370 Lund, Sweden
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