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Chen CJ, Wu CY, Wu CW, Chang CW, Huang TT, Shiao MH, Lin CK, Chen YC, Lin YS. Metal-enhanced fluorescence through conventional Ag-polyethylene glycol nanoparticles for cellular imaging. RSC Adv 2023; 13:26545-26549. [PMID: 37674489 PMCID: PMC10477826 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02277c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel application of conventional Ag nanoparticles (NPs) for metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) in cellular imaging is proposed. Different molecular weights of polyethylene glycol (PEG) were tested to determine a suitable spacer on Ag NPs for MEF, and NPs comprising Ag with PEG with a molecular weight of 6000 g (Ag-PEG6k), when present in fluorescein solution, were discovered to cause a 2-fold quantum yield enhancement. For fluorescence imaging of mesenchymal stem cells stained by Alexa Fluor 488, the enhancement factor increased with the Ag-PEG6k NP concentration but decreased with the Alexa Fluor 488 concentration. At 243 parts per billion Ag-PEG6k NPs and 625 parts per million Alexa Fluor 488, the enhancement factor reached its greatest value of over 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Jung Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung 407219 Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Taichung 402306 Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402202 Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University Miaoli 360302 Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University Miaoli 360302 Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University Miaoli 360302 Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Tao Huang
- Taiwan Instrument Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories Hsinchu 302058 Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hua Shiao
- Taiwan Instrument Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories Hsinchu 302058 Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-Chun Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University Miaoli 360302 Taiwan
| | - Yung-Sheng Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University Miaoli 360302 Taiwan
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Ajmal M, Wei JW, Zhao Y, Liu YH, Wu PP, Li YQ. Derivative Matrix-Isopotential Synchronous Spectrofluorimetry and Hantzsch Reaction: A Direct Route to Simultaneous Determination of Urinary δ-Aminolevulinic Acid and Porphobilinogen. Front Chem 2022; 10:920468. [PMID: 35711951 PMCID: PMC9194443 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.920468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early and sensitive detection of δ-aminolevulinic acid (δ-ALA) and porphobilinogen (PBG) is the cornerstone of diagnosis and effective treatment for acute porphyria. However, at present, the quantifying strategies demand multiple solvent extraction steps or chromatographic approaches to separate δ-ALA and PBG prior to quantification. These methods are both time-consuming and laborious. Otherwise, in conventional spectrofluorimetry, the overlapping spectra of the two analytes cause false diagnosis. To overcome this challenge, we present a two-step approach based on derivative matrix-isopotential synchronous fluorescence spectrometry (DMISFS) and the Hantzsch reaction, realizing the simple and simultaneous detection of δ-ALA and PBG in urine samples. The first step is chemical derivatization of the analytes by Hantzsch reaction. The second step is the determination of the target analytes by combining MISFS and the first derivative technique. The proposed approach accomplishes following advantages: 1) The MISFS technique improves the spectral resolution and resolves severe spectral overlap of the analytes, alleviating tedious and complicated pre-separation processes; 2) First derivative technique removes the background interference of δ-ALA on PBG and vice versa, ensuring high sensitivity; 3) Both the analytes can be determined simultaneously via single scanning, enabling rapid detection. The obtained detection limits for δ-ALA and PBG were 0.04 μmol L−1 and 0.3 μmol L−1, respectively. Within-run precisions (intra and inter-day CVs) for both the analytes were <5%. Further, this study would serve to enhance the availability of early and reliable quantitative diagnosis for acute porphyria in both scientific and clinical laboratories.
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Li Y, Huang X, Ren J. Analysis of protein phosphorylation in solution and in cells by using an ATP analogue in combination with fluorescence techniques. Analyst 2021; 146:4506-4514. [PMID: 34190230 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00742d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a very important mechanism for regulating and controlling the activity and function of proteins, and is closely associated with signal transduction, gene expression, cell cycle and other life activities in organisms. In this paper, we proposed a new strategy for studying protein phosphorylation in living cells by combining fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) with a small molecule adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) analogue. We synthesized a new ATP analogue functionalized by norbornene (ATP-NB), and a tetrazine modified fluorescent probe Cyanine3 (TZ-Cy3). Based on the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (D-A) reaction, ATP-NB phosphorylated proteins in solution and in living cells were in situ labelled with TZ-Cy3. By combining FRET with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FRET-FCS) and imaging technology, we established an efficient method for studying the phosphorylation of proteins in solution and in living cells using an ATP analogue instead of natural ATP. We studied the effects of phosphatase inhibitors on the phosphorylation of proteins in living cells. Our results documented that ATP-NB is a small molecule ATP analogue with hydrophobicity, which can penetrate cells and efficiently phosphorylate proteins in living cells. This strategy is well suitable for in situ study of protein phosphorylation in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Xiangyi Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Jicun Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.
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Koya A, Zhu X, Ohannesian N, Yanik AA, Alabastri A, Proietti Zaccaria R, Krahne R, Shih WC, Garoli D. Nanoporous Metals: From Plasmonic Properties to Applications in Enhanced Spectroscopy and Photocatalysis. ACS NANO 2021; 15:6038-6060. [PMID: 33797880 PMCID: PMC8155319 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The field of plasmonics is capable of enabling interesting applications in different wavelength ranges, spanning from the ultraviolet up to the infrared. The choice of plasmonic material and how the material is nanostructured has significant implications for ultimate performance of any plasmonic device. Artificially designed nanoporous metals (NPMs) have interesting material properties including large specific surface area, distinctive optical properties, high electrical conductivity, and reduced stiffness, implying their potentials for many applications. This paper reviews the wide range of available nanoporous metals (such as Au, Ag, Cu, Al, Mg, and Pt), mainly focusing on their properties as plasmonic materials. While extensive reports on the use and characterization of NPMs exist, a detailed discussion on their connection with surface plasmons and enhanced spectroscopies as well as photocatalysis is missing. Here, we report on different metals investigated, from the most used nanoporous gold to mixed metal compounds, and discuss each of these plasmonic materials' suitability for a range of structural design and applications. Finally, we discuss the potentials and limitations of the traditional and alternative plasmonic materials for applications in enhanced spectroscopy and photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiangchao Zhu
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa
Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Nareg Ohannesian
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston Texas 77204, United States
| | - A. Ali Yanik
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa
Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Alessandro Alabastri
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Remo Proietti Zaccaria
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
- Cixi
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials
Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Zhejiang 315201, China
| | - Roman Krahne
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Wei-Chuan Shih
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa
Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Denis Garoli
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
- Faculty of
Science and Technology, Free University
of Bozen, Piazza Università
5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
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