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Hobson A, Hussain H, Mousley PJ, Duncan DA, Braim M, Costantini G, Nicklin C, Woodruff DP. Structure Determination of F 4TCNQ on Ag(111): A Systematic Trend in Metal Adatom Incorporation. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:32193-32200. [PMID: 39072074 PMCID: PMC11270728 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c04860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
A structure determination of the commensurate phase formed by 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroquinodimethane (F4TCNQ) absorbed on Ag(111) is reported. Initial characterization was performed using low-energy electron diffraction and synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy, with quantitative structural data being provided by normal incident X-ray standing waves (NIXSW) and surface X-ray diffraction (SXRD). NIXSW data show the F4TCNQ molecule to adopt a "twisted" conformation on the surface, previously found to be associated with metal adatom incorporation into a 2d-metal-organic framework for F4TCNQ on Au(111), Ag(100), and Cu(111). SXRD results provide direct evidence of the presence of Ag adatoms that are found to occupy near-bridge or fcc hollow sites with respect to the underlying surface, at an adsorption height of 2.69 ± 0.10 Å. The results show a consistent pattern of behavior for F4TCNQ adsorption on the (111) surfaces of Cu, Ag, and Au.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archie
L. Hobson
- Department
of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation
Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE,U.K.
| | - Hadeel Hussain
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation
Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE,U.K.
| | - Philip J. Mousley
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation
Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE,U.K.
| | - David A. Duncan
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation
Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE,U.K.
| | - Mona Braim
- Department
of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Giovanni Costantini
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Christopher Nicklin
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation
Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE,U.K.
| | - D. Phil Woodruff
- Department
of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
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2
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Jakub Z, Shahsavar A, Planer J, Hrůza D, Herich O, Procházka P, Čechal J. How the Support Defines Properties of 2D Metal-Organic Frameworks: Fe-TCNQ on Graphene versus Au(111). J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3471-3482. [PMID: 38253402 PMCID: PMC10859937 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The functionality of 2D metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is crucially dependent on the local environment of the embedded metal atoms. These atomic-scale details are best ascertained on MOFs supported on well-defined surfaces, but the interaction with the support often changes the MOF properties. We elucidate the extent of this effect by comparing the Fe-TCNQ 2D MOF on two weakly interacting supports: graphene and Au(111). We show that the Fe-TCNQ on graphene is nonplanar with iron in quasi-tetrahedral sites, but on Au(111) it is planarized by stronger van der Waals interaction. The differences in physical and electronic structures result in distinct properties of the supported 2D MOFs. The dz2 center position is shifted by 1.4 eV between Fe sites on the two supports, and dramatic differences in chemical reactivity are experimentally identified using a TCNQ probe molecule. These results outline the limitations of common on-surface approaches using metal supports and show that the intrinsic MOF properties can be partially retained on graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Jakub
- CEITEC−Central
European Institute of Technology, Brno University
of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno 61200, Czech Republic
| | - Azin Shahsavar
- CEITEC−Central
European Institute of Technology, Brno University
of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno 61200, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Planer
- CEITEC−Central
European Institute of Technology, Brno University
of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno 61200, Czech Republic
| | - Dominik Hrůza
- CEITEC−Central
European Institute of Technology, Brno University
of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno 61200, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Herich
- CEITEC−Central
European Institute of Technology, Brno University
of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno 61200, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Procházka
- CEITEC−Central
European Institute of Technology, Brno University
of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno 61200, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Čechal
- CEITEC−Central
European Institute of Technology, Brno University
of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno 61200, Czech Republic
- Institute
of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, Brno 61200,Czech Republic
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3
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Ding P, Braim M, Hobson AL, Rochford LA, Ryan PTP, Duncan DA, Lee TL, Hussain H, Costantini G, Yu M, Woodruff DP. Does F 4TCNQ Adsorption on Cu(111) Form a 2D-MOF? THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:20903-20910. [PMID: 37908743 PMCID: PMC10614301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c04927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The results of a quantitative experimental structural investigation of the adsorption phases formed by 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7',8,8'-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ) on Cu(111) are reported. A particular objective was to establish whether Cu adatoms are incorporated into the molecular overlayer. A combination of normal incidence X-ray standing waves, low-energy electron diffraction, scanning tunneling microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, complemented by dispersion-inclusive density functional theory calculations, demonstrates that F4TCNQ on Cu(111) does cause Cu adatoms to be incorporated into the overlayer to form a two-dimensional metal-organic framework (2D-MOF). This conclusion is shown to be consistent with the behavior of F4TCNQ adsorption on other coinage metal surfaces, despite an earlier report concluding that the adsorption structure on Cu(111) is consistent with the absence of any substrate reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Ding
- Department
of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Laboratory
for Space Environment and Physical Sciences, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of
Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Mona Braim
- Department
of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - A. L. Hobson
- Department
of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation
Campus, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - L. A. Rochford
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation
Campus, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - P. T. P. Ryan
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation
Campus, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0DE, U.K.
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - D. A. Duncan
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation
Campus, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - T.-L. Lee
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation
Campus, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - H. Hussain
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation
Campus, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - G. Costantini
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- School of
Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Miao Yu
- Laboratory
for Space Environment and Physical Sciences, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of
Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - D. P. Woodruff
- Department
of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
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4
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Noh K, Colazzo L, Urdaniz C, Lee J, Krylov D, Devi P, Doll A, Heinrich AJ, Wolf C, Donati F, Bae Y. Template-directed 2D nanopatterning of S = 1/2 molecular spins. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 8:624-631. [PMID: 36752198 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00375a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecular spins are emerging platforms for quantum information processing. By chemically tuning their molecular structure, it is possible to prepare a robust environment for electron spins and drive the assembly of a large number of qubits in atomically precise spin-architectures. The main challenges in the integration of molecular qubits into solid-state devices are (i) minimizing the interaction with the supporting substrate to suppress quantum decoherence and (ii) controlling the spatial distribution of the spins at the nanometer scale to tailor the coupling among qubits. Herein, we provide a nanofabrication method for the realization of a 2D patterned array of individually addressable Vanadyl Phthalocyanine (VOPc) spin qubits. The molecular nanoarchitecture is crafted on top of a diamagnetic monolayer of Titanyl Phthalocyanine (TiOPc) that electronically decouples the electronic spin of VOPc from the underlying Ag(100) substrate. The isostructural TiOPc interlayer also serves as a template to regulate the spacing between VOPc spin qubits on a scale of a few nanometers, as demonstrated using scanning tunneling microscopy, X-ray circular dichroism, and density functional theory. The long-range molecular ordering is due to a combination of charge transfer from the metallic substrate and strain in the TiOPc interlayer, which is attained without altering the pristine VOPc spin characteristics. Our results pave a viable route towards the future integration of molecular spin qubits into solid-state devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungju Noh
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience (QNS), Institute of Basic Science (IBS), 03760 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, 03760 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Luciano Colazzo
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience (QNS), Institute of Basic Science (IBS), 03760 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Ewha Womans University, 03760 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Corina Urdaniz
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience (QNS), Institute of Basic Science (IBS), 03760 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Ewha Womans University, 03760 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Lee
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience (QNS), Institute of Basic Science (IBS), 03760 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, 03760 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Denis Krylov
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience (QNS), Institute of Basic Science (IBS), 03760 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Ewha Womans University, 03760 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Parul Devi
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience (QNS), Institute of Basic Science (IBS), 03760 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Ewha Womans University, 03760 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrin Doll
- Swiss Light Source (SLS), Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Andreas J Heinrich
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience (QNS), Institute of Basic Science (IBS), 03760 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, 03760 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Christoph Wolf
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience (QNS), Institute of Basic Science (IBS), 03760 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, 03760 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Fabio Donati
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience (QNS), Institute of Basic Science (IBS), 03760 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, 03760 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujeong Bae
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience (QNS), Institute of Basic Science (IBS), 03760 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, 03760 Seoul, Republic of Korea
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5
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Berger R, Jeindl A, Hörmann L, Hofmann OT. Role of Adatoms for the Adsorption of F4TCNQ on Au(111). THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:7718-7727. [PMID: 35558824 PMCID: PMC9082607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c00994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic adlayers on inorganic substrates often contain adatoms, which can be incorporated within the adsorbed molecular species, forming two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks at the substrate surface. The interplay between native adatoms and adsorbed molecules significantly changes various adlayer properties such as the adsorption geometry, the bond strength between the substrate and the adsorbed species, or the work function at the interface. Here, we use dispersion-corrected density functional theory to gain insight into the energetics that drive the incorporation of native adatoms within molecular adlayers based on the prototypical, experimentally well-characterized system of F4TCNQ on Au(111). We explain the adatom-induced modifications in the adsorption geometry and the adsorption energy based on the electronic structure and charge transfer at the interface.
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