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Tian Y, Yang D, Ma Y, Li Z, Li J, Deng Z, Tian H, Yang H, Sun S, Li J. Spatiotemporal Visualization of Photogenerated Carriers on an Avalanche Photodiode Surface Using Ultrafast Scanning Electron Microscopy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:310. [PMID: 38334581 PMCID: PMC10857202 DOI: 10.3390/nano14030310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The spatiotemporal evolution of photogenerated charge carriers on surfaces and at interfaces of photoactive materials is an important issue for understanding fundamental physical processes in optoelectronic devices and advanced materials. Conventional optical probe-based microscopes that provide indirect information about the dynamic behavior of photogenerated carriers are inherently limited by their poor spatial resolution and large penetration depth. Herein, we develop an ultrafast scanning electron microscope (USEM) with a planar emitter. The photoelectrons per pulse in this USEM can be two orders of magnitude higher than that of a tip emitter, allowing the capture of high-resolution spatiotemporal images. We used the contrast change of the USEM to examine the dynamic nature of surface carriers in an InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiode (APD) after femtosecond laser excitation. It was observed that the photogenerated carriers showed notable longitudinal drift, lateral diffusion, and carrier recombination associated with the presence of photovoltaic potential at the surface. This work demonstrates an in situ multiphysics USEM platform with the capability to stroboscopically record carrier dynamics in space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.T.); (D.Y.); (Y.M.); (Z.L.); (J.L.); (Z.D.); (H.T.); (H.Y.); (S.S.)
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.T.); (D.Y.); (Y.M.); (Z.L.); (J.L.); (Z.D.); (H.T.); (H.Y.); (S.S.)
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.T.); (D.Y.); (Y.M.); (Z.L.); (J.L.); (Z.D.); (H.T.); (H.Y.); (S.S.)
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhongwen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.T.); (D.Y.); (Y.M.); (Z.L.); (J.L.); (Z.D.); (H.T.); (H.Y.); (S.S.)
| | - Jun Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.T.); (D.Y.); (Y.M.); (Z.L.); (J.L.); (Z.D.); (H.T.); (H.Y.); (S.S.)
| | - Zhen Deng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.T.); (D.Y.); (Y.M.); (Z.L.); (J.L.); (Z.D.); (H.T.); (H.Y.); (S.S.)
| | - Huanfang Tian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.T.); (D.Y.); (Y.M.); (Z.L.); (J.L.); (Z.D.); (H.T.); (H.Y.); (S.S.)
| | - Huaixin Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.T.); (D.Y.); (Y.M.); (Z.L.); (J.L.); (Z.D.); (H.T.); (H.Y.); (S.S.)
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuaishuai Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.T.); (D.Y.); (Y.M.); (Z.L.); (J.L.); (Z.D.); (H.T.); (H.Y.); (S.S.)
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jianqi Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.T.); (D.Y.); (Y.M.); (Z.L.); (J.L.); (Z.D.); (H.T.); (H.Y.); (S.S.)
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
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