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Guo Z, Liu W, He Z, Wang Z, Li W, Zhang M. A carbon-promoted galvanic replacement method to synthesize efficient PdNi nanoalloy catalyst. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 663:369-378. [PMID: 38412722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.02.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
PdNi nanoalloy catalysts were prepared by a carbon-promoted galvanic replacement method. Characterizations and control experiments show the increased replacement rate of metal Ni with Pd2+ ion can be attributed to the higher electrode potential and smaller crystalline sizes caused by carbon doping. Introduction of carbon (C) into Ni particles not only accelerates the formation process of PdNi nanoalloys, but also enables C atoms to successfully enter the lattice interstices of PdNi nanoalloys. C regulates the surface electronic properties of PdNi nanoalloys by the electron transfer between different elements and improves their activity. The PdNi@C-650 exhibits extraordinary activity and long-term stability for hydrogenation reduction of hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) and hydrodechlorination of chlorophenols in comparison with PdNi/CNTs (carbon nanotubes) and commercial Pd/C. Density functional theory calculations together with investigations of mechanism reveal that the high electron-deficient PdNi nanoalloys from the redistribution of electron between Ni, Pd and C of the PdNi@C-650 promote the surface adsorption of substrate molecules and H2, which accordingly enhances the hydrogenation activity. This study brings a new method for the design and preparation of high active noble metal nanoalloy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbo Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Environment and Resources, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Zhiping He
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Environment and Resources, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, PR China.
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
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2
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Cheng D, Li Z, Zhang M, Duan Z, Wang J, Wang C. Engineering Ultrathin Carbon Layer on Porous Hard Carbon Boosts Sodium Storage with High Initial Coulombic Efficiency. ACS NANO 2023; 17:19063-19075. [PMID: 37737004 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Hard carbon (HC) has been widely adopted as the anode material for sodium ion batteries (NIBs). However, it is troubled by a low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) due to its porous structure. Herein, a graphitized and ultrathin carbon layer coating on HC is proposed to solve this challenge. The as-prepared porous carbon material coated with an ultrathin carbon layer composite (PCS@V@C) exhibits a cavity structure, which is prepared by using bis(cyclopentadienyl) nickel (CP-Ni) as the carbon source for outer coating, glucose carbon spheres as porous carbon, and introducing a silica layer to facilitate the coating process. When utilized as the anode for NIBs, the material shows an ICE increase from 47.1% to 85.3%, and specific capacity enhancement at 0.1 A g-1 from 155.3 to 216.7 mA h g-1. Moreover, its rate capability and cycling performance are outstanding, demonstrating a capacity of 140.3 mA h g-1 at 10 A g-1, and a retaining capacity of 225.6 mA h g-1 after 300 cycles at 0.1 A g-1 with the Coulombic efficiency of 100% at the second cycle. The excellent electrochemical performance of the PCS@V@C is attributed to the ultrathin carbon layer, which is beneficial for the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film. Therefore, this study provides a feasible surface modification method for the preparation of anode materials for NIBs with high specific capacity and ICE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejian Cheng
- Research Institute of Materials Science, South China University of Technology, and Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering (South China University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510640, China
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhenghui Li
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Minglu Zhang
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhihua Duan
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chaoyang Wang
- Research Institute of Materials Science, South China University of Technology, and Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering (South China University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510640, China
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3
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Tanguturi RG, Tsai JC, Li YS, Tsay JS. Structural characterization and electronic properties of Ni/rubrene bilayers with alternative stacking sequences. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:7927-7936. [PMID: 36861757 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00297g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in organic electronics has attracted interest due to their excellent characteristics that include photovoltaic, light emission, and semiconducting behaviours. Spin-induced properties play important roles in organic electronics, while introducing spin into an organic layer in which spin responses, such as a weak spin-orbital coupling and long spin-relaxation time, allows a variety of spintronic applications to be achieved. However, such spin responses are rapidly attenuated by misalignment in the electronic structure of hybrid structures. We report herein on the energy level diagrams of Ni/rubrene bilayers that can be tuned by an alternating stacking. The band edges of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels were determined to be 1.24 and 0.48 eV relative to the Fermi level for Ni/rubrene/Si and rubrene/Ni/Si bilayers, respectively. This raises a possibility of accumulating electric dipoles at the ferromagnetic/organic semiconductor (FM/OSC) interface, which would inhibit the transfer of spin in the OSC layer. This phenomenon is caused by the formation of a Schottky-like barrier in the rubrene/Ni heterostructures. According to the information about the band edges of the HOMO levels, schematic plots of the HOMO shift in the electronic structure of the bilayers are presented. Based on the lower value of the effective uniaxial anisotropy for Ni/rubrene/Si, the uniaxial anisotropy was suppressed compared to that of rubrene/Ni/Si. The characteristics of the formation of Schottky barriers at the FM/OSC interface have an impact on the temperature-dependent spin states in the bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jian-Chen Tsai
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan.
| | - You-Siang Li
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan.
| | - Jyh-Shen Tsay
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan.
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Visser NL, Verschoor JC, Smulders LC, Mattarozzi F, Morgan DJ, Meeldijk JD, van der Hoeven JE, Stewart JA, Vandegehuchte BD, de Jongh PE. Influence of Carbon Support Surface Modification on the Performance of Nickel Catalysts in Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation. Catal Today 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2023.114071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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5
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A completely precious metal-free alkaline fuel cell with enhanced performance using a carbon-coated nickel anode. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2119883119. [PMID: 35312369 PMCID: PMC9060468 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2119883119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SignificanceWe present a groundbreaking advance in completely nonprecious hydrogen fuel cell technologies achieving a record power density of 200 mW/cm2 with Ni@CNx anode and Co-Mn cathode. The 2-nm CNx coating weakens the O-binding energy, which effectively mitigates the undesirable surface oxidation during hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) polarization, leading to a stable fuel cell operation for Ni@CNx over 100 h at 200 mA/cm2, superior to a Ni nanoparticle counterpart. Ni@CNx exhibited a dramatically enhanced tolerance to CO relative to Pt/C, enabling the use of hydrogen gas with trace amounts of CO, critical for practical applications. The complete removal of precious metals in fuel cells lowers the catalyst cost to virtually negligible levels and marks a milestone for practical alkaline fuel cells.
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Ostapenko R, Ivanenko K, Kuryliuk A, Nakonechna O, Belyavina N. Synthesis and characterization of the novel nanostructured NiC carbide obtained by mechanical alloying. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Naghdi S, Cherevan A, Giesriegl A, Guillet-Nicolas R, Biswas S, Gupta T, Wang J, Haunold T, Bayer BC, Rupprechter G, Toroker MC, Kleitz F, Eder D. Selective ligand removal to improve accessibility of active sites in hierarchical MOFs for heterogeneous photocatalysis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:282. [PMID: 35022390 PMCID: PMC8755752 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27775-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are commended as photocatalysts for H2 evolution and CO2 reduction as they combine light-harvesting and catalytic functions with excellent reactant adsorption capabilities. For dynamic processes in liquid phase, the accessibility of active sites becomes a critical parameter as reactant diffusion is limited by the inherently small micropores. Our strategy is to introduce additional mesopores by selectively removing one ligand in mixed-ligand MOFs via thermolysis. Here we report photoactive MOFs of the MIL-125-Ti family with two distinct mesopore architectures resembling either large cavities or branching fractures. The ligand removal is highly selective and follows a 2-step process tunable by temperature and time. The introduction of mesopores and the associated formation of new active sites have improved the HER rates of the MOFs by up to 500%. We envision that this strategy will allow the purposeful engineering of hierarchical MOFs and advance their applicability in environmental and energy technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Naghdi
- Institute of Material Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexey Cherevan
- Institute of Material Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ariane Giesriegl
- Institute of Material Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rémy Guillet-Nicolas
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry - Functional Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Wien, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Normandie University, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, 14050, Caen, France
| | - Santu Biswas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3600003, Israel
| | - Tushar Gupta
- Institute of Material Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jia Wang
- Institute of Material Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Haunold
- Institute of Material Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Günther Rupprechter
- Institute of Material Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maytal Caspary Toroker
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3600003, Israel
- The Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3600003, Israel
| | - Freddy Kleitz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry - Functional Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Wien, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Eder
- Institute of Material Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
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Bakuru VR, Fazl-Ur-Rahman K, Periyasamy G, Velaga B, Peela NR, DMello ME, Kanakikodi KS, Maradur SP, Maji TK, Kalidindi SB. Unraveling High Alkene Selectivity at Full Conversion in Alkyne Hydrogenation over Ni under Continuous Flow Conditions. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00875k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Selective hydrogenation of alkynes into alkenes in continuous flow conditions over non-precious metal catalysts is an attractive prospect for the chemical industry, especially for the petrochemical and polymer industry. Achieving...
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Vihervaara A, Hatanpää T, Mizohata K, Chundak M, Popov G, Ritala M. Low temperature thermal ALD process for nickel utilizing dichlorobis(triethylphosphine)nickel(II) and 1,4-bis(trimethylgermyl)-1,4-dihydropyrazine. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:10898-10908. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01347a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we developed a new ALD process for nickel metal from dichlorobis(triethylphosphine)nickel(II) (NiCl2(PEt3)2) and 1,4-bis(trimethylgermyl)-1,4-dihydropyrazine ((Me3Ge)2DHP). A series of phosphine adducts of nickel and cobalt halides was synthesized...
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Rostovshchikova TN, Lokteva ES, Shilina MI, Golubina EV, Maslakov KI, Krotova IN, Bryzhin AA, Tarkhanova IG, Udalova OV, Kozhevin VM, Yavsin DA, Gurevich SA. Laser Electrodispersion of Metals for the Synthesis of Nanostructured Catalysts: Achievements and Prospects. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024421030171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Galhardo TS, Braga AH, Arpini BH, Szanyi J, Gonçalves RV, Zornio BF, Miranda CR, Rossi LM. Optimizing Active Sites for High CO Selectivity during CO 2 Hydrogenation over Supported Nickel Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4268-4280. [PMID: 33661617 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the selectivity of CO2 hydrogenation catalysts is a fundamental challenge. In this study, the selectivity of supported Ni catalysts prepared by the traditional impregnation method was found to change after a first CO2 hydrogenation reaction cycle from 100 to 800 °C. The usually high CH4 formation was suppressed leading to full selectivity toward CO. This behavior was also observed after the catalyst was treated under methane or propane atmospheres at elevated temperatures. In situ spectroscopic studies revealed that the accumulation of carbon species on the catalyst surface at high temperatures leads to a nickel carbide-like phase. The catalyst regains its high selectivity to CH4 production after carbon depletion from the surface of the Ni particles by oxidation. However, the selectivity readily shifts back toward CO formation after exposing the catalysts to a new temperature-programmed CO2 hydrogenation cycle. The fraction of weakly adsorbed CO species increases on the carbide-like surface when compared to a clean nickel surface, explaining the higher selectivity to CO. This easy protocol of changing the surface of a common Ni catalyst to gain selectivity represents an important step for the commercial use of CO2 hydrogenation to CO processes toward high-added-value products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalita S Galhardo
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano H Braga
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno H Arpini
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - János Szanyi
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Renato V Gonçalves
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno F Zornio
- Instituto de Física, DFMT, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 66318, 05315-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Caetano R Miranda
- Instituto de Física, DFMT, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 66318, 05315-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Liane M Rossi
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
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12
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Blanco E, Sepulveda C, Cruces K, García-Fierro J, Ghampson I, Escalona N. Conversion of guaiacol over metal carbides supported on activated carbon catalysts. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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13
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Bryzhin AA, Golubina EV, Maslakov KI, Lokteva ES, Tarkhanova IG, Gurevich SA, Yavsin DA, Rostovshchikova TN. Bimetallic Nanostructured Catalysts Prepared by Laser Electrodispersion: Structure and Activity in Redox Reactions. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Bryzhin
- Department of Chemistry Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory, 1/3 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - E. V. Golubina
- Department of Chemistry Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory, 1/3 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - K. I. Maslakov
- Department of Chemistry Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory, 1/3 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - E. S. Lokteva
- Department of Chemistry Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory, 1/3 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - I. G. Tarkhanova
- Department of Chemistry Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory, 1/3 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - S. A. Gurevich
- Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute of RAS Politekhnicheskaya, 26 194021 Saint Petersburg Russia
| | - D. A. Yavsin
- Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute of RAS Politekhnicheskaya, 26 194021 Saint Petersburg Russia
| | - T. N. Rostovshchikova
- Department of Chemistry Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory, 1/3 119991 Moscow Russia
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14
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Gao Y, Peng H, Wang Y, Wang G, Xiao L, Lu J, Zhuang L. Improving the Antioxidation Capability of the Ni Catalyst by Carbon Shell Coating for Alkaline Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:31575-31581. [PMID: 32551482 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the antioxidation capability of Ni for the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) is considered important and challenging for alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells (APEFCs). Herein, we report a series of Ni-core carbon-shell (Ni@C) catalysts obtained by a vacuum pyrolysis method treated at different temperatures. According to the cyclic voltammetry tests and the HOR tests, Ni@C treated at 500 °C exhibits a much higher Ni core utilization and better catalytic activity toward HOR than the commonly used Ni/C catalyst. Furthermore, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization shows that a higher percentage of Ni0 appears at the surface of the Ni core of Ni@C than the Ni/C catalyst. The accelerated durability tests, as well as the chronoamperometry tests, suggest that the antioxidation capability of Ni has been obviously improved by the carbon shells. The Raman spectra show that the graphitization degree of the carbon shells might be the key factor affecting the Ni utilization and the HOR catalytic activity of the Ni@C catalysts. The APEFC achieves a peak power density of 160 mW/cm2 using Ni@C-500 °C as the anode, which could also stably discharge for 120 h at 0.7 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Gao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab of Electrochemical Power Sources, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hanqing Peng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab of Electrochemical Power Sources, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yingming Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab of Electrochemical Power Sources, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Gongwei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab of Electrochemical Power Sources, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Li Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab of Electrochemical Power Sources, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Juntao Lu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab of Electrochemical Power Sources, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lin Zhuang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab of Electrochemical Power Sources, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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15
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Mao F, Liu PF, Yang P, Gu J, Yang HG. One-step coating of commercial Ni nanoparticles with a Ni, N-co-doped carbon shell towards efficient electrocatalysts for CO 2 reduction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:7495-7498. [PMID: 32500898 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02188a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Commercial nickel nanoparticles (Ni NPs) were directly converted to efficient electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction by urea-Ni solid powder pyrolysis, in which a Ni, N-co-doped graphite carbon shell wraps the Ni NPs in situ. 98.3% CO selectivity was realized with a current density of -20.2 mA cm-2 and an overpotential of 0.69 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxin Mao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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16
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Munir A, Haq TU, Saleem M, Qurashi A, Hussain SZ, Sher F, Ul-Hamid A, Jilani A, Hussain I. Controlled engineering of nickel carbide induced N-enriched carbon nanotubes for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions in wide pH range. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Saha J, Kumar A, PM A, Jakhad V. Oxidised charcoal: an efficient support for NiFe layered double hydroxide to improve electrochemical oxygen evolution. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8770-8773. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02880k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
NiFeLDH/oxidised charcoal showed excellent activity in the oxygen evolution reaction with an overpotential of 240 mV at 10 mA cm−2, which is ∼115 mV less than that of NiFeLDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jony Saha
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy
- Central University of Rajasthan
- Rajasthan 305817
- India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy
- Central University of Rajasthan
- Rajasthan 305817
- India
| | - Anjana PM
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy
- Central University of Rajasthan
- Rajasthan 305817
- India
| | - Vikash Jakhad
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy
- Central University of Rajasthan
- Rajasthan 305817
- India
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19
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Mahnaz F, Mostafa-Al-Momin M, Rubel M, Ferdous M, Azam MS. Mussel-inspired immobilization of Au on bare and graphene-wrapped Ni nanoparticles toward highly efficient and easily recyclable catalysts. RSC Adv 2019; 9:30358-30369. [PMID: 35530224 PMCID: PMC9072119 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05736f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bimetallic nanocatalysts have been gaining huge research attention in the heterogeneous catalysis community recently owing to their tunable properties and multifunctional characteristics. In this work, we fabricated a bimetallic core-shell nanocomposite catalyst by employing a mussel-inspired strategy for immobilizing gold nanoparticles (AuNP) on the surface of nickel nanoparticles (NiNP). NiNPs obtained from the reduction of Ni(ii) were first coated with polydopamine to provide the anchoring sites towards the robust immobilization of AuNPs. The as-synthesized nanocomposite (Ni-PD-Au) exhibited outstanding catalytic activity while reducing methylene blue (MB) and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) yielding rate constants 13.11 min-1 and 4.21 min-1, respectively, outperforming the catalytic efficiency of its monometallic counterparts and other similar reported catalysts by large margins. The superior catalytic efficiency of the Ni-PD-Au was attributed to the well-known synergistic effect, which was experimentally investigated and compared with prior reports. Similar bio-inspired immobilization of AuNPs was also applied on graphene-wrapped NiNPs (Ni-G) instead of bare NiNPs to synthesize another composite catalyst (Ni-G-PD-Au), which yet again exhibited synergistic catalytic activity. A comparative study between the two nanocomposites suggested that Ni-PD-Au excelled in catalytic activity but Ni-G-PD-Au provided noteworthy stability showing ∼100% efficiency over 17 repeated cycles. However, along with excellent synergistic performance, both nanocomposites demonstrated high magnetization and thermal stability up to 350 °C ascertaining their easy separation and sustainability for high-temperature applications, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Mahnaz
- Department of Chemistry, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mostafa-Al-Momin
- Department of Chemistry, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh
| | - Md Rubel
- Department of Chemistry, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh
| | - Md Ferdous
- Department of Chemistry, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh
| | - Md Shafiul Azam
- Department of Chemistry, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh
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Vrijburg WL, van Helden JWA, van Hoof AJF, Friedrich H, Groeneveld E, Pidko EA, Hensen EJM. Tunable colloidal Ni nanoparticles confined and redistributed in mesoporous silica for CO2 methanation. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy00532c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal Ni nanoparticles were prepared using seed-mediated strategies and encapsulated in mesoporous silica to yield stable and sinter-resistant hydrogenation catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilbert L. Vrijburg
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis
- Schuit Institute of Catalysis
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda W. A. van Helden
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis
- Schuit Institute of Catalysis
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Arno J. F. van Hoof
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis
- Schuit Institute of Catalysis
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Heiner Friedrich
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis
- Schuit Institute of Catalysis
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | | | - Evgeny A. Pidko
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis
- Schuit Institute of Catalysis
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Emiel J. M. Hensen
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis
- Schuit Institute of Catalysis
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
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21
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Vamvakeros A, Jacques SDM, Di Michiel M, Matras D, Middelkoop V, Ismagilov IZ, Matus EV, Kuznetsov VV, Drnec J, Senecal P, Beale AM. 5D operando tomographic diffraction imaging of a catalyst bed. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4751. [PMID: 30420610 PMCID: PMC6232103 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the results from the first 5D tomographic diffraction imaging experiment of a complex Ni–Pd/CeO2–ZrO2/Al2O3 catalyst used for methane reforming. This five-dimensional (three spatial, one scattering and one dimension to denote time/imposed state) approach enabled us to track the chemical evolution of many particles across the catalyst bed and relate these changes to the gas environment that the particles experience. Rietveld analysis of some 2 × 106 diffraction patterns allowed us to extract heterogeneities in the catalyst from the Å to the nm and to the μm scale (3D maps corresponding to unit cell lattice parameters, crystallite sizes and phase distribution maps respectively) under different chemical environments. We are able to capture the evolution of the Ni-containing species and gain a more complete insight into the multiple roles of the CeO2-ZrO2 promoters and the reasons behind the partial deactivation of the catalyst during partial oxidation of methane. Multi-scale chemical imaging holds the potential to revolutionize our understanding of the relationships between structure and functionality in complex catalytic materials. Here the authors report the results from the first 5D tomographic diffraction imaging experiment of a complex Ni – Pd/ CeO2 – ZrO2/ Al2O3 catalyst used for methane reforming.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vamvakeros
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK. .,Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK. .,Finden Limited, Merchant House, 5 East St. Helens Street, Abingdon, OX14 5EG, UK. .,ESRF, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - S D M Jacques
- Finden Limited, Merchant House, 5 East St. Helens Street, Abingdon, OX14 5EG, UK.
| | - M Di Michiel
- ESRF, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - D Matras
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK.,School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - V Middelkoop
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research, VITO NV, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - I Z Ismagilov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090
| | - E V Matus
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090
| | - V V Kuznetsov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090
| | - J Drnec
- ESRF, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - P Senecal
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.,Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - A M Beale
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK. .,Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK. .,Finden Limited, Merchant House, 5 East St. Helens Street, Abingdon, OX14 5EG, UK.
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22
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Guo Q, Guo Z, Shi J, Xiong W, Zhang H, Chen Q, Liu Z, Wang X. Atomic Layer Deposition of Nickel Carbide from a Nickel Amidinate Precursor and Hydrogen Plasma. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:8384-8390. [PMID: 29443492 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A new atomic layer deposition (ALD) process for depositing nickel carbide (Ni3C x) thin films is reported, using bis( N, N'-di- tert-butylacetamidinato)nickel(II) and H2 plasma. The process shows a good layer-by-layer film growth behavior with a saturated film growth rate of 0.039 nm/cycle for a fairly wide process temperature window from 75 to 250 °C. Comprehensive material characterizations are performed on the Ni3C x films deposited at 95 °C with various H2 plasma pulse lengths from 5 to 12 s, and no appreciable difference is found with the change of the plasma pulse length. The deposited Ni3C x films are fairly pure, smooth, and conductive, and the x in the nominal formula of Ni3C x is approximately 0.7. The ALD Ni3C x films are polycrystalline with a rhombohedral Ni3C crystal structure, and the films are free of nanocrystalline graphite or amorphous carbon. Last, we demonstrate that, by using this ALD process, highly uniform Ni3C x films can be conformally deposited into deep narrow trenches with an aspect ratio as high as 20:1, which thereby highlights the broad and promising applicability of this process for conformal Ni3C x film coatings on complex high-aspect-ratio 3D architectures in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Guo
- Laboratory of Plasma Physics and Materials , Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication , Beijing 102600 , China
| | - Zheng Guo
- School of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Graduate School , Peking University , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Jianmin Shi
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry , China Academy of Engineering Physics , Mianyang 621000 , China
| | - Wei Xiong
- School of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Graduate School , Peking University , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Haibao Zhang
- Laboratory of Plasma Physics and Materials , Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication , Beijing 102600 , China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Laboratory of Plasma Physics and Materials , Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication , Beijing 102600 , China
| | - Zhongwei Liu
- Laboratory of Plasma Physics and Materials , Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication , Beijing 102600 , China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- School of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Graduate School , Peking University , Shenzhen 518055 , China
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23
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Rameshan R, Vonk V, Franz D, Drnec J, Penner S, Garhofer A, Mittendorfer F, Stierle A, Klötzer B. Role of Precursor Carbides for Graphene Growth on Ni(111). Sci Rep 2018; 8:2662. [PMID: 29422517 PMCID: PMC5805774 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20777-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface X-ray Diffraction was used to study the transformation of a carbon-supersaturated carbidic precursor toward a complete single layer of graphene in the temperature region below 703 K without carbon supply from the gas phase. The excess carbon beyond the 0.45 monolayers of C atoms within a single Ni2C layer is accompanied by sharpened reflections of the |4772| superstructure, along with ring-like diffraction features resulting from non-coincidence rotated Ni2C-type domains. A dynamic Ni2C reordering process, accompanied by slow carbon loss to subsurface regions, is proposed to increase the Ni2C 2D carbide long-range order via ripening toward coherent domains, and to increase the local supersaturation of near-surface dissolved carbon required for spontaneous graphene nucleation and growth. Upon transformation, the intensities of the surface carbide reflections and of specific powder-like diffraction rings vanish. The associated change of the specular X-ray reflectivity allows to quantify a single, fully surface-covering layer of graphene (2 ML C) without diffraction contributions of rotated domains. The simultaneous presence of top-fcc and bridge-top configurations of graphene explains the crystal truncation rod data of the graphene-covered surface. Structure determination of the |4772| precursor surface-carbide using density functional theory is in perfect agreement with the experimentally derived X-ray structure factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffael Rameshan
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck-Society, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vedran Vonk
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Franz
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakub Drnec
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, Avenue des Martyrs 71, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Simon Penner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Garhofer
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Center for Computational Materials Science, Technische Universität Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, A-1040, Wien, Austria
| | - Florian Mittendorfer
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Center for Computational Materials Science, Technische Universität Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, A-1040, Wien, Austria
| | - Andreas Stierle
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Klötzer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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24
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Kaindl R, Bayer BC, Resel R, Müller T, Skakalova V, Habler G, Abart R, Cherevan AS, Eder D, Blatter M, Fischer F, Meyer JC, Polyushkin DK, Waldhauser W. Growth, structure and stability of sputter-deposited MoS 2 thin films. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:1115-1126. [PMID: 28685112 PMCID: PMC5480320 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) thin films have received increasing interest as device-active layers in low-dimensional electronics and also as novel catalysts in electrochemical processes such as the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in electrochemical water splitting. For both types of applications, industrially scalable fabrication methods with good control over the MoS2 film properties are crucial. Here, we investigate scalable physical vapour deposition (PVD) of MoS2 films by magnetron sputtering. MoS2 films with thicknesses from ≈10 to ≈1000 nm were deposited on SiO2/Si and reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) substrates. Samples deposited at room temperature (RT) and at 400 °C were compared. The deposited MoS2 was characterized by macro- and microscopic X-ray, electron beam and light scattering, scanning and spectroscopic methods as well as electrical device characterization. We find that room-temperature-deposited MoS2 films are amorphous, of smooth surface morphology and easily degraded upon moderate laser-induced annealing in ambient conditions. In contrast, films deposited at 400 °C are nano-crystalline, show a nano-grained surface morphology and are comparatively stable against laser-induced degradation. Interestingly, results from electrical transport measurements indicate an unexpected metallic-like conduction character of the studied PVD MoS2 films, independent of deposition temperature. Possible reasons for these unusual electrical properties of our PVD MoS2 thin films are discussed. A potential application for such conductive nanostructured MoS2 films could be as catalytically active electrodes in (photo-)electrocatalysis and initial electrochemical measurements suggest directions for future work on our PVD MoS2 films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Kaindl
- JOANNEUM RESEARCH - MATERIALS, Institute for Surface Technologies and Photonics, Leobner Straße 94, A-8712 Niklasdorf, Austria
| | - Bernhard C Bayer
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Resel
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Müller
- Photonics Institute, Vienna University of Technology, Gusshausstraße 27–29, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Viera Skakalova
- Danubia NanoTech, Ilkovicova 3, SVK-84104, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Gerlinde Habler
- Department of Lithospheric Research, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Abart
- Department of Lithospheric Research, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexey S Cherevan
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Eder
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maxime Blatter
- Institute of Life Technologies, HES-SO Valais-Wallis, Route du Rawyl 64, CP, 1950 Sion 2, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Fischer
- Institute of Life Technologies, HES-SO Valais-Wallis, Route du Rawyl 64, CP, 1950 Sion 2, Switzerland
| | - Jannik C Meyer
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dmitry K Polyushkin
- Photonics Institute, Vienna University of Technology, Gusshausstraße 27–29, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Waldhauser
- JOANNEUM RESEARCH - MATERIALS, Institute for Surface Technologies and Photonics, Leobner Straße 94, A-8712 Niklasdorf, Austria
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25
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Buan MEM, Muthuswamy N, Walmsley JC, Chen D, Rønning M. Nitrogen‐doped Carbon Nanofibers for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Importance of the Iron Growth Catalyst Phase. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201601585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marthe E. M. Buan
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNorwegian University of Science and Technology 7491 Trondheim Norway
| | - Navaneethan Muthuswamy
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNorwegian University of Science and Technology 7491 Trondheim Norway
| | - John C. Walmsley
- SINTEF Materials and Chemistry Høgskoleringen 5 7465 Trondheim Norway
| | - De Chen
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNorwegian University of Science and Technology 7491 Trondheim Norway
| | - Magnus Rønning
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNorwegian University of Science and Technology 7491 Trondheim Norway
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26
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Zakaria MB, Ebeid EZM, Abdel-Galeil MM, Chikyow T. Cyanide bridged coordination polymer nanoflakes thermally derived Ni3C and fcc-Ni nanoparticles for electrocatalysts. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj03311g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We have reported a controlled crystal growth process, which allows the formation of NiCNNi CP nanoflakes derived Ni3C and fcc-Ni nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed B. Zakaria
- International Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitechtonics (MANA)
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
- Department of Chemistry
| | | | | | - Toyohiro Chikyow
- International Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitechtonics (MANA)
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
- Materials Data & Integrated System (MaDIS)
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