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Kuz'micheva GM, Ivleva LI, Kaurova IA, Khramov EV, Lazarenko VA, Rybakov VB, Fionov YA, Fionov AV. Annealing-Induced Structural Behavior of Mn Dopant Ions in Calcium Orthovanadate Ca 3(VO 4) 2 Single Crystals. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:7060-7068. [PMID: 35471861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The crystal and local structures of Czochralski-grown calcium orthovanadate (Ca3(VO4)2) single crystals doped with over-stoichiometric 0.05 wt % Mn2O3 (CVO:0.05Mn) and annealed under different conditions are studied by single-crystal conventional and synchrotron X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance for the first time. Bottom (annealing in air) and top (annealing in air and in vacuum) parts of the CVO:0.05Mn crystal differ in the manganese content (higher in the bottom part), formal charge (Mn4+ and Mn(3+δ)+, respectively), and color (orange bottom part; light orange and yellow top parts annealed in air and vacuum, respectively). Manganese ions are located in one (Ca3, distorted two-capped trigonal prism) of five crystallographic Ca sites and have octahedral coordination, which is consistent with crystal-chemical properties of transition-metal ions. The presence of vacancies in one of three V sites is revealed. Formal charge 5+ for vanadium ions is confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Different colors of CVO:Mn crystals and different formal charges of manganese are explained depending on the growth and post-growth treatment conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina M Kuz'micheva
- MIREA - Russian Technological University, 78 Vernadskogo pr., Moscow 119454, Russia
| | - Liudmila I Ivleva
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilova str., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Irina A Kaurova
- MIREA - Russian Technological University, 78 Vernadskogo pr., Moscow 119454, Russia
| | - Evgeny V Khramov
- National Research Center ≪Kurchatov Institute≫, 1 Akademika Kurchatova pl., Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Lazarenko
- National Research Center ≪Kurchatov Institute≫, 1 Akademika Kurchatova pl., Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Victor B Rybakov
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Yuri A Fionov
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, 6 Mikluho-Maklaya str., Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Alexander V Fionov
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia
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2
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Kauzlarich SM, Ju Z, Tseng E, Lundervold J. Recent developments in germanium containing clusters in intermetallics and nanocrystals. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:13236-13252. [PMID: 34726681 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00538c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multimetallic clusters can be described as building blocks in intermetallics, compounds prepared from all metals and/or semi-metals, and in Zintl phases, a subset of intermetallics containing metals with large differences in electronegativity. In many cases, these intermetallic and Zintl phases provide the first clue for the possibilities of bond formation between metals and semi-metals. Recent advances in multimetallic clusters found in Zintl phases and nanoparticles focusing on Ge with transition metals and semi-metals is presented. Colloidal routes to Ge nanocrystals provide an opportunity for kinetically stabilized Ge-metal and Ge-semi-metal bonding. These routes provide crystalline nanoclusters of Ge, hereafter referred to as nanocrystals, that can be structurally characterized. Compositions of Ge nanocrystals containing transition metals, and the semi-metals, Sb, Bi, and Sn, whose structures have recently been elucidated through EXAFS, will be presented along with potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Kauzlarich
- Chemistry Department, One Shields Ave, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Zheng Ju
- Chemistry Department, One Shields Ave, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Emily Tseng
- Chemistry Department, One Shields Ave, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Jesse Lundervold
- Chemistry Department, One Shields Ave, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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3
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Milliken S, Thiessen AN, Cheong IT, O'Connor KM, Li Z, Hooper RW, Robidillo CJT, Veinot JGC. "Turning the dials": controlling synthesis, structure, composition, and surface chemistry to tailor silicon nanoparticle properties. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:16379-16404. [PMID: 34492675 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04701a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) can be challenging to prepare with defined size, crystallinity, composition, and surface chemistry. As is the case for any nanomaterial, controlling these parameters is essential if SiNPs are to realize their full potential in areas such as alternative energy generation and storage, sensors, and medical imaging. Numerous teams have explored and established innovative synthesis methods, as well as surface functionalization protocols to control these factors. Furthermore, substantial effort has been expended to understand how the abovementioned parameters influence material properties. In the present review we provide a commentary highlighting the benefits and limitations of available methods for preparing silicon nanoparticles as well as demonstrations of tailoring optical and electronic properties through definition of structure (i.e., crystalline vs. amorphous), composition and surface chemistry. Finally, we highlight potential opportunities for future SiNP studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Milliken
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Chemistry, Edmonton, Canada.
| | | | - I Teng Cheong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Chemistry, Edmonton, Canada.
| | - Kevin M O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Chemistry, Edmonton, Canada.
| | - Ziqi Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Chemistry, Edmonton, Canada.
| | - Riley W Hooper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Chemistry, Edmonton, Canada.
| | | | - Jonathan G C Veinot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Chemistry, Edmonton, Canada.
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4
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Beekman M, Kauzlarich SM, Doherty L, Nolas GS. Zintl Phases as Reactive Precursors for Synthesis of Novel Silicon and Germanium-Based Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E1139. [PMID: 30965603 PMCID: PMC6479709 DOI: 10.3390/ma12071139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent experimental and theoretical work has demonstrated significant potential to tune the properties of silicon and germanium by adjusting the mesostructure, nanostructure, and/or crystalline structure of these group 14 elements. Despite the promise to achieve enhanced functionality with these already technologically important elements, a significant challenge lies in the identification of effective synthetic approaches that can access metastable silicon and germanium-based extended solids with a particular crystal structure or specific nano/meso-structured features. In this context, the class of intermetallic compounds known as Zintl phases has provided a platform for discovery of novel silicon and germanium-based materials. This review highlights some of the ways in which silicon and germanium-based Zintl phases have been utilized as precursors in innovative approaches to synthesize new crystalline modifications, nanoparticles, nanosheets, and mesostructured and nanoporous extended solids with properties that can be very different from the ground states of the elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Beekman
- Department of Physics, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA.
| | - Susan M Kauzlarich
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Luke Doherty
- Department of Physics, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA.
- Department of Materials Engineering, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA.
| | - George S Nolas
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
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5
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Xiao F, Xiao Y, Chen F, Liu X, Lin C, Chen J, Wu Y. Facile synthesis of Silicon quantum dot-Gadolinium: A potential fluorescent/T1-T2 multimodal imaging agent. Talanta 2019; 199:336-346. [PMID: 30952268 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Highly stable and multifunctional fluorescent quantum dots are particularly attractive in practical applications. Here, a new kind of ultra-small-sized silicon quantum dot-gadolinium (SiQD-Gd) was successfully fabricated by a newly-designed facile hydrothermal growth and chelating method. The obtained SiQD-Gd exhibited outstanding water dispersibility, stability and good fluorescent property with the quantum yield of 11.6%. SiQD-Gd displayed a low cytotoxicity in normal cell lines (HELF, HEK293F) and tumor cell lines (H1299, A549). Meanwhile, SiQD-Gd showed excellent magnetic resonance response with r1 relaxation rate of 10.5 mmol L-1·s-1 and r2 relaxation rate of 47.5 mmol L-1·s-1, which are 2.5 and 7.4 times enhanced comparing to that of the commercial MR agent Magnevist. In vivo studies showed significant contrast enhancement effect of its T1- and T2-weighted MR imaging. In addition, in vivo fluorescent imaging for mice and zebrafish indicated its potential applications in fluorescent tracking. Thus, the excellent multimodal imaging capacity and biocompatibility of SiQD-Gd make it a potential imaging agent for clinic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangnan Xiao
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350119, China; Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; School of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Fangman Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; School of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chentao Lin
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Yunkun Wu
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350119, China; Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.
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6
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McVey BFP, König D, Cheng X, O'Mara PB, Seal P, Tan X, Tahini HA, Smith SC, Gooding JJ, Tilley RD. Synthesis, optical properties and theoretical modelling of discrete emitting states in doped silicon nanocrystals for bioimaging. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:15600-15607. [PMID: 30090899 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05071f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The creation of multiple emission pathways in quantum dots (QDs) is an exciting prospect with fundamental interest and optoelectronic potential. For the first time, we report multiple emission pathways in semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) where the number of emission pathways desired is controlled by the number of dopant atoms per quantum dot. The origin of additional emission pathways is explained by interactions between dopant states and NC energy levels. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of undoped 2.3 nm silicon (Si NCs) and the same NCs doped with 2 interstitial Cu atoms show good agreement to experiment. Such calculations provide valuable data to explain the changes in optical transitions due to the Cu dopant in terms of transition energies, quantum yield and dopant position as a function of dopants per NC. Changes in the optical properties of Si NCs induced by dopant concentration include extended excitation range and enhanced absorption coefficients, emission redshifts of up to 60 nm, and a two-fold increase in quantum yields up to 22%. The optical properties of doped NCs lead to significant bioimaging improvements illustrated by in vitro cell imaging, including redshifted excitation wavelengths away from natural autofluorescence and enhanced fluorescent signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F P McVey
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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7
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Dou YK, Chen Y, He XW, Li WY, Li YH, Zhang YK. Synthesis of Water-Dispersible Mn2+ Functionalized Silicon Nanoparticles under Room Temperature and Atmospheric Pressure for Fluorescence and Magnetic Resonance Dual-Modality Imaging. Anal Chem 2017; 89:11286-11292. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Kun Dou
- College
of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing
and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xi-Wen He
- College
of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing
and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wen-You Li
- College
of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing
and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yu-Hao Li
- Key
Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yu-Kui Zhang
- College
of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing
and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- National
Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of
Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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