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Green JA, Brey D, Razgatlioglu LP, Ali B, Błasiak B, Burghardt I. Internal Conversion Cascade in a Carbon Nanobelt: A Multiconfigurational Quantum Dynamical Study. J Chem Theory Comput 2024. [PMID: 39259675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Carbon nanobelts feature intriguing photophysical properties, due to their high symmetry and structural rigidity. Here, we consider a (6,6) armchair carbon nanobelt, i.e., the very first carbon nanobelt to be synthesized [Povie et al., Science 2017, 356, 172] and characterize the internal conversion dynamics using multiconfigurational quantum dynamics via the multi-layer multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree (ML-MCTDH) method. A symmetry-adapted linear vibronic coupling Hamiltonian for 26 electronic states and 210 vibrational modes is employed. Electronic excitations are found to decay through a dense manifold of excited states, which interact via multiple conical intersections, while inducing minimal geometry change. It is shown that a rapid coherent decay, exhibiting a nonvanishing quantum flux on a time scale of less than 50 fs, transitions toward a slower, decoherent decay at longer times. As previously suggested in the literature, electronic relaxation is hindered by phonon bottlenecks such that a stepwise internal conversion cascade is observed. The computed vibronic absorption spectrum is shown to be in good agreement with the experimental spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Green
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dominik Brey
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Leyla P Razgatlioglu
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Badria Ali
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bartosz Błasiak
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Irene Burghardt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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2
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Wang Y, Zhou Y, Du K. Enumeration, Nomenclature, and Stability Rules of Carbon Nanobelts. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:1261-1276. [PMID: 38327033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c02051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
With recent breakthroughs and advances in synthetic chemistry, carbon nanobelts (CNBs) have become an emerging hot topic in chemistry and materials science. Owing to their unique molecular structures, CNBs have intriguing properties with applications in synthetic materials, host-guest chemistry, optoelectronics, and so on. Although a considerable number of CNBs with diverse forms have been synthesized, no systematic nomenclature is available yet for this important family of macrocycles. Moreover, little is known about the detailed isomerism of CNBs, which, in fact, exhibits greater complexity than that of carbon nanotubes. The copious variety of CNB isomers, along with the underlying structure-property relationships, bears fundamental relevance to the ongoing design and synthesis of novel nanobelts. In this paper, we propose an elegant approach to systematically enumerate, classify, and name all possible isomers of CNBs. Besides the simplest, standard CNBs defined by chiral indices (n, m), the nonstandard CNBs (n, m, l) involve an additional winding index l. Based on extensive quantum chemical calculations, we present a comprehensive study of the relative isomer stability of CNBs containing up to 30 rings. A simple Hückel-based model with a high predictive power reveals that the relative stability of standard CNBs is governed by the π stabilization and the strain destabilization induced by the cylindrical carbon framework, and the former effect prevails over the latter. For nonstandard CNBs, a third stability factor, the H···H repulsion in the benzo[c]phenanthrene-like motifs, is also shown to be important and can be incorporated into the simple quantitative model. In general, lower-energy CNB isomers have a larger HOMO-LUMO gap, suggesting that their thermodynamic stability coincides with kinetic stability. The most stable CNB isomers determined can be considered the optimal targets for future synthesis. These results lay an initial foundation and provide a useful theoretical tool for further research on CNBs and related analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Ke Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
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3
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Freixas VM, Oldani N, Tretiak S, Fernandez-Alberti S. Twisting Aromaticity and Photoinduced Dynamics in Hexapole Helicenes. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:10145-10150. [PMID: 37924328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Curved aromatic molecules are attractive electronic materials, where an additional internal strain uniquely modifies their structure, aromaticity, dynamics, and optical properties. Helicenes are examples of such twisted conjugated systems. Herein, we analyze the photoinduced dynamics in different stereoisomers of a hexapole helicene by using nonadiabatic excited-state molecular dynamics simulations. We explore how changes in symmetry and structural distortion modulate the intramolecular energy redistribution. We find that distinct helical assembly leads to different rigid distorted structures that in turn impact the nonradiative energy relaxation and ultimately formation of the self-trapped exciton. Subsequently, the value of the twisting angles relative to the central triphenylene core structure controls the global molecular aromaticity and electronic localization during the internal conversion process. Our work sheds light on how the future synthesis of novel curved aromatic compounds can be directed to attain specific desired electronic properties through the modulation of their twisted aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Freixas
- Department of Chemistry and Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Nicolas Oldani
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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George G, Stasyuk OA, Solà M, Stasyuk AJ. A step towards rational design of carbon nanobelts with tunable electronic properties. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:17373-17385. [PMID: 37791958 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04045c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Belt-shaped aromatic compounds are among the most attractive classes of radial π-conjugated nanocarbon molecules with unique physical and chemical properties. In this work, we computationally studied a number of all-carbon and heteroatom-bridged nanobelts, as well as their inclusion complexes with fullerene C60. Our results provide a useful guide for modulating the electronic properties of the nanobelts. An in-depth analysis of the ground and excited state properties of their complexes has allowed us to establish structure-property relationships and propose simple principles for the design of nanobelts with improved electron-donating properties suitable for photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- G George
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - O A Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - M Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - A J Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain.
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5
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Lin J, Wang S, Zhang F, Yang B, Du P, Chen C, Zang Y, Zhu D. Highly efficient charge transport across carbon nanobelts. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eade4692. [PMID: 36563157 PMCID: PMC9788781 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade4692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanobelts (CNBs) are a new form of nanocarbon that has promising applications in optoelectronics due to their unique belt-shaped π-conjugated systems. Recent synthetic breakthrough has led to the access to various CNBs, but their optoelectronic properties have not been explored yet. In this work, we study the electronic transport performance of a series of CNBs by incorporating them into molecular devices using the scanning tunneling microscope break junction technique. We show that, by tuning the bridging groups between the adjacent benzenes in the CNBs, we can achieve remarkably high conductance close to 0.1 G0, nearly one order of magnitude higher than their nanoring counterpart cycloparaphenylene. Density functional theory-based calculations further elucidate the crucial role of the structural distortion played in facilitating the unique radial π-electron delocalization and charge transport across the belt-shaped carbon skeletons. These results develop a basic understanding of electronic transport properties of CNBs and lay the foundation for further exploration of CNB-based optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shengda Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bowen Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Pingwu Du
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chuanfeng Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yaping Zang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Daoben Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Alfonso Hernandez L, Freixas VM, Rodriguez-Hernandez B, Tretiak S, Fernandez-Alberti S, Oldani N. Exciton-vibrational dynamics induces efficient self-trapping in a substituted nanoring. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:24095-24104. [PMID: 36178044 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03162k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cycloparaphenylenes, being the smallest segments of carbon nanotubes, have emerged as prototypes of the simplest carbon nanohoops. Their unique structure-dynamics-optical properties relationships have motivated a wide variety of synthesis of new related nanohoop species. Studies of how chemical changes, introduced in these new materials, lead to systems with new structural, dynamics and optical properties, expand their functionalities for optoelectronics applications. Herein, we study the effect that conjugation extension of a cycloparaphenylene through the introduction of a satellite tetraphenyl substitution has on its structural and dynamical properties. Our non-adiabatic excited state molecular dynamics simulations suggest that this substitution accelerates the electronic relaxation from the high-energy band to the lowest excited state. This is partially due to efficient conjugation achieved between specific phenyl units as introduced by the tetraphenyl substitution. We observe a particular exciton redistribution during relaxation, in which the tetraphenyl substitution plays a significant role. As a result, an efficient inter-band energy transfer takes place. Besides, the observed phonon-exciton interplay induces a significant exciton self-trapping. Our results encourage and guide the future studies of new phenyl substitutions in carbon nanorings with desired optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Alfonso Hernandez
- Departamento de Ciencia Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina.
| | - Victor M Freixas
- Departamento de Ciencia Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina.
| | | | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | | | - Nicolas Oldani
- Departamento de Ciencia Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina.
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7
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Freixas VM, Tretiak S, Fernandez-Alberti S. Infinitene: Computational Insights from Nonadiabatic Excited State Dynamics. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:8495-8501. [PMID: 36066077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Progress in organic synthesis opens exploration of a rich diversity of molecules with interesting new structural topologies. This is the case of a recently synthesized helically twisted figure-eight molecule coined infinitene. The molecule belongs to a numerous family of looped polyarenes, where the degree of π-conjugation is controlled by high strain energies and steric hindrances. A particular balance of these ingredients leads to unusual optoelectronic properties potentially suitable for a range of applications in nanoelectronics and photonics. Due to its recent discovery, the photophysical properties of infinitene remain unexplored. In this Letter, atomistic nonadiabatic excited state molecular dynamics modeling unveils unique features of intramolecular electronic and vibrational energy relaxation and redistribution that take place after molecular photoexcitation. Our results detail relationships between optical and electronic properties providing useful knowledge for future molecular designs related to infinitene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Manuel Freixas
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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Guo QH, Qiu Y, Wang MX, Fraser Stoddart J. Aromatic hydrocarbon belts. Nat Chem 2021; 13:402-419. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00671-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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