1
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Chen Y, Atwi R, Nguyen DT, Bazak JD, Hahn NT, Ryu J, Sears JA, Han KS, Song M, Li Z, Karkamkar AJ, Hu JZ, Zavadil KR, Rajput NN, Mueller KT, Murugesan V. From Bulk to Interface: Solvent Exchange Dynamics and Their Role in Ion Transport and the Interfacial Model of Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12984-12999. [PMID: 38709897 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Multivalent battery chemistries have been explored in response to the increasing demand for high-energy rechargeable batteries utilizing sustainable resources. Solvation structures of working cations have been recognized as a key component in the design of electrolytes; however, most structure-property correlations of metal ions in organic electrolytes usually build upon favorable static solvation structures, often overlooking solvent exchange dynamics. We here report the ion solvation structures and solvent exchange rates of magnesium electrolytes in various solvents by using multimodal nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis and molecular dynamics/density functional theory (MD/DFT) calculations. These magnesium solvation structures and solvent exchange dynamics are correlated to the combined effects of several physicochemical properties of the solvents. Moreover, Mg2+ transport and interfacial charge transfer efficiency are found to be closely correlated to the solvent exchange rate in the binary electrolytes where the solvent exchange is tunable by the fraction of diluent solvents. Our primary findings are (1) most battery-related solvents undergo ultraslow solvent exchange coordinating to Mg2+ (with time scales ranging from 0.5 μs to 5 ms), (2) the cation transport mechanism is a mixture of vehicular and structural diffusion even at the ultraslow exchange limit (with faster solvent exchange leading to faster cation transport), and (3) an interfacial model wherein organic-rich regions facilitate desolvation and inorganic regions promote Mg2+ transport is consistent with our NMR, electrochemistry, and cryogenic X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (cryo-XPS) results. This observed ultraslow solvent exchange and its importance for ion transport and interfacial properties necessitate the judicious selection of solvents and informed design of electrolyte blends for multivalent electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Rasha Atwi
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Dan Thien Nguyen
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - J David Bazak
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Nathan T Hahn
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Material, Physical and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Jaegeon Ryu
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Jesse A Sears
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Kee Sung Han
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Minyung Song
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Zheng Li
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Abhijeet J Karkamkar
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jian Zhi Hu
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Kevin R Zavadil
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Nav Nidhi Rajput
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Karl T Mueller
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Vijayakumar Murugesan
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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2
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Fraenza CC, Greenbaum SG, Suarez SN. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Relaxation Pathways in Electrolytes for Energy Storage. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10373. [PMID: 37373520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spin relaxation times have been an instrumental tool in deciphering the local environment of ionic species, the various interactions they engender and the effect of these interactions on their dynamics in conducting media. Of particular importance has been their application in studying the wide range of electrolytes for energy storage, on which this review is based. Here we highlight some of the research carried out on electrolytes in recent years using NMR relaxometry techniques. Specifically, we highlight studies on liquid electrolytes, such as ionic liquids and organic solvents; on semi-solid-state electrolytes, such as ionogels and polymer gels; and on solid electrolytes such as glasses, glass ceramics and polymers. Although this review focuses on a small selection of materials, we believe they demonstrate the breadth of application and the invaluable nature of NMR relaxometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla C Fraenza
- Physics Department, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Steve G Greenbaum
- Physics Department, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Physics Department, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sophia N Suarez
- Physics Department, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Physics Department, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
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3
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Prabhakaran V, Agarwal G, Howard JD, Wi S, Shutthanandan V, Nguyen DT, Soule L, Johnson GE, Liu YS, Yang F, Feng X, Guo J, Hankins K, Curtiss LA, Mueller KT, Assary RS, Murugesan V. Coordination-Dependent Chemical Reactivity of TFSI Anions at a Mg Metal Interface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:7518-7528. [PMID: 36715357 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Charge transfer across the electrode-electrolyte interface is a highly complex and convoluted process involving diverse solvated species with varying structures and compositions. Despite recent advances in in situ and operando interfacial analysis, molecular specific reactivity of solvated species is inaccessible due to a lack of precise control over the interfacial constituents and/or an unclear understanding of their spectroscopic fingerprints. However, such molecular-specific understanding is critical to the rational design of energy-efficient solid-electrolyte interphase layers. We have employed ion soft landing, a versatile and highly controlled method, to prepare well-defined interfaces assembled with selected ions, either as solvated species or as bare ions, with distinguishing molecular precision. Equipped with precise control over interfacial composition, we employed in situ multimodal spectroscopic characterization to unravel the molecular specific reactivity of Mg solvated species comprising (i.e., bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, TFSI-) anions and solvent molecules (i.e., dimethoxyethane, DME/G1) on a Mg metal surface relevant to multivalent Mg batteries. In situ multimodal spectroscopic characterization revealed higher reactivity of the undercoordinated solvated species [Mg-TFSI-G1]+ compared to the fully coordinated [Mg-TFSI-(G1)2]+ species or even the bare TFSI-. These results were corroborated by the computed reaction pathways and energy barriers for decomposition of the TFSI- within Mg solvated species relative to bare TFSI-. Finally, we evaluated the TFSI reactivity under electrochemical conditions using Mg(TFSI)2-DME-based phase-separated electrolytes representing different solvated constituents. Based on our multimodal study, we report a detailed understanding of TFSI- decomposition processes as part of coordinated solvated species at a Mg-metal anode that will aid the rational design of improved sustainable electrochemical energy technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateshkumar Prabhakaran
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, United States
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Garvit Agarwal
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jason D Howard
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Sungun Wi
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, United States
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | | | - Dan-Thien Nguyen
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, United States
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Luke Soule
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, United States
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Grant E Johnson
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, United States
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Yi-Sheng Liu
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, United States
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Feipeng Yang
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, United States
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xuefei Feng
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, United States
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jinghua Guo
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, United States
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kie Hankins
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, United States
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Larry A Curtiss
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Karl T Mueller
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, United States
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Rajeev S Assary
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Vijayakumar Murugesan
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, United States
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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4
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Zhao W, Pan Z, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Dou H, Shi Y, Zuo Z, Zhang B, Chen J, Zhao X, Yang X. Tailoring Coordination in Conventional Ether-Based Electrolytes for Reversible Magnesium-Metal Anodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205187. [PMID: 35586955 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Rechargeable magnesium (Mg) batteries based on conventional electrolytes are seriously plagued by the formation of the ion-blocking passivation layer on the Mg metal anode. By tracking the Mg2+ solvation sheath, this work links the passivation components to the Mg2+ -solvents (1,2-dimethoxyethane, DME) coordination and the consequent thermodynamically unstable DME molecules. On this basis, we propose a methodology to tailor solvation coordination by introducing the additive solvent with extreme electron richness. Oxygen atoms in phosphorus-oxygen groups compete with that in carbon-oxygen groups of DME for the coordination with Mg2+ , thus softening the solvation sheath deformation. Meanwhile, the organophosphorus molecules in the rearranged solvation sheath decompose on the Mg surface, increasing the Mg2+ transport and electrical resistance by three and one orders of magnitude, respectively. Consequently, the symmetric cells exhibit superior cycling performance of over 600 cycles with low polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyu Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Zhenghui Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Huanglin Dou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China.,College of Material Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
| | - Yayun Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China.,College of Material Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
| | - Zhijun Zuo
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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5
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Zhao W, Pan Z, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Dou H, Shi Y, Zuo Z, Zhang B, Chen J, Zhao X, Yang X. Tailoring Coordination in Conventional Ether‐Based Electrolytes for Reversible Magnesium‐Metal Anodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanyu Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 201804 P. R. China
| | - Zhenghui Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 201804 P. R. China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 201804 P. R. China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 201804 P. R. China
| | - Huanglin Dou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 201804 P. R. China
- College of Material Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 P. R. China
| | - Yayun Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 201804 P. R. China
- College of Material Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 P. R. China
| | - Zhijun Zuo
- College of Material Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 P. R. China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 201804 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 201804 P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 201804 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
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6
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Hu JZ, Jaegers NR, Hahn NT, Hu W, Han KS, Chen Y, Sears JA, Murugesan V, Zavadil KR, Mueller KT. Understanding the Solvation-Dependent Properties of Cyclic Ether Multivalent Electrolytes Using High-Field NMR and Quantum Chemistry. JACS AU 2022; 2:917-932. [PMID: 35557755 PMCID: PMC9088299 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to expand the technological capability of batteries have generated increased interest in divalent cationic systems. Electrolytes used for these electrochemical applications often incorporate cyclic ethers as electrolyte solvents; however, the detailed solvation environments within such systems are not well-understood. To foster insights into the solvation structures of such electrolytes, Ca(TFSI)2 and Zn(TFSI)2 dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran were investigated through multi-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (17O, 43Ca, and 67Zn NMR) combined with quantum chemistry modeling of NMR chemical shifts. NMR provides spectroscopic fingerprints that readily couple with quantum chemistry to identify a set of most probable solvation structures based on the best agreement between the theoretically predicted and experimentally measured values of chemical shifts. The multi-nuclear approach significantly enhances confidence that the correct solvation structures are identified due to the required simultaneous agreement between theory and experiment for multiple nuclear spins. Furthermore, quantum chemistry modeling provides a comparison of the solvation cluster formation energetics, allowing further refinement of the preferred solvation structures. It is shown that a range of solvation structures coexist in most of these electrolytes, with significant molecular motion and dynamic exchange among the structures. This level of solvation diversity correlates with the solubility of the electrolyte, with Zn(TFSI)2/THF exhibiting the lowest degree of each. Comparisons of analogous Ca2+ and Zn2+ solvation structures reveal a significant cation size effect that is manifested in significantly reduced cation-solvent bond lengths and thus stronger solvent bonding for Zn2+ relative to Ca2+. The strength of this bonding is further reduced by methylation of the cyclic ether ring. Solvation shells containing anions are energetically preferred in all the studied electrolytes, leading to significant quantities of contact ion pairs and consequently neutrally charged clusters. It is likely that the transport and interfacial de-solvation/re-solvation properties of these electrolytes are directed by these anion interactions. These insights into the detailed solvation structures, cation size, and solvent effects, including the molecular dynamics, are fundamentally important for the rational design of electrolytes in multivalent battery electrolyte systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhi Hu
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- The Gene & Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Nicholas R Jaegers
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Nathan T Hahn
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Material, Physical and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Wenda Hu
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- The Gene & Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Kee Sung Han
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Ying Chen
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jesse A Sears
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Vijayakumar Murugesan
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Kevin R Zavadil
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Material, Physical and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Karl T Mueller
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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7
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Towards accurate predictions of NMR chemical shifts in liquid solutions. NATURE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 2:146-147. [PMID: 38177439 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-022-00204-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
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8
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Atwi R, Chen Y, Han KS, Mueller KT, Murugesan V, Rajput NN. An automated framework for high-throughput predictions of NMR chemical shifts within liquid solutions. NATURE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 2:112-122. [PMID: 38177518 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-022-00200-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Identifying stable speciation in multi-component liquid solutions is fundamentally important to areas from electrochemistry to organic chemistry and biomolecular systems. Here we introduce a fully automated, high-throughput computational framework for the accurate prediction of stable species in liquid solutions by computing the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts. The framework automatically extracts and categorizes hundreds of thousands of atomic clusters from classical molecular dynamics simulations, identifies the most stable species in solution and calculates their NMR chemical shifts via density functional theory calculations. Additionally, the framework creates a database of computed chemical shifts for liquid solutions across a wide chemical and parameter space. We compare our computational results to experimental measurements for magnesium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Mg(TFSI)2 salt in dimethoxyethane solvent. Our analysis of the Mg2+ solvation structural evolutions reveals key factors that influence the accuracy of NMR chemical shift predictions in liquid solutions. Furthermore, we show how the framework reduces the performance of over 300 13C and 600 1H density functional theory chemical shift predictions to a single submission procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Atwi
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- The Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Kee Sung Han
- The Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Karl T Mueller
- The Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Vijayakumar Murugesan
- The Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Nav Nidhi Rajput
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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9
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Pan G, Li J, Han L, Peng W, Xu X, Lu T, A. Amin M, Yamauchi Y, Xu M, Pan L. MoS2 Nanosheets with Expanded Interlayer Spacing for Ultrastable Aqueous Mg-Ion Hybrid Supercapacitor. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi01613j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous magnesium ion supercapacitors (MISs) have attracted attention due to their safety, low cost and environmental friendliness. However, the cycling stability of MISs is usually not ideal due to magnesium...
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10
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Chen Y, Atwi R, Han KS, Ryu J, Washton NM, Hu JZ, Rajput NN, Mueller KT, Murugesan V. Role of a Multivalent Ion-Solvent Interaction on Restricted Mg 2+ Diffusion in Dimethoxyethane Electrolytes. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:12574-12583. [PMID: 34748339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c08729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The diffusion behavior of Mg2+ in electrolytes is not as readily accessible as that from Li+ or Na+ utilizing PFG NMR, due to the low sensitivity, poor resolution, and rapid relaxation encountered when attempting 25Mg NMR. In MgTFSI2/DME solutions, "bound" DME (coordinating to Mg2+) and "free" DME (bulk) are distinguishable from 1H NMR. With the exchange rates between them obtained from 2D 1H EXSY NMR, we can extract the self-diffusivities of free DME and bound DME (which are equal to that of Mg2+) before the exchange occurs using PFG diffusion NMR measurements coupled with analytical formulas describing diffusion under two-site exchange. The high activation enthalpy for exhange (65-70 kJ/mol) can be explained by the structural change of bound DME as evidenced by its reduced C-H bond length. Comparison of the diffusion behaviors of Mg2+, TFSI-, DME, and Li+ reveals a relative restriction to Mg2+ diffusion that is caused by the long-range interaction between Mg2+ and solvent molecules, especially those with suppressed motions at high concentrations and low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- The Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Rasha Atwi
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Kee Sung Han
- The Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jaegeon Ryu
- The Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Nancy M Washton
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jian Zhi Hu
- The Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Nav Nidhi Rajput
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Karl T Mueller
- The Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Vijayakumar Murugesan
- The Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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11
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Baskin A, Lawson JW, Prendergast D. Anion-Assisted Delivery of Multivalent Cations to Inert Electrodes. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:4347-4356. [PMID: 33929859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To understand and control key electrochemical processes-metal plating, corrosion, intercalation, etc.-requires molecular-scale details of the active species at electrochemical interfaces and their mechanisms for desolvation from the electrolyte. Using free energy sampling techniques we reveal the interfacial speciation of divalent cations in ether-based electrolytes and mechanisms for their delivery to an inert graphene electrode interface. Surprisingly, we find that anion solvophobicity drives a high population of anion-containing species to the interface that facilitate the delivery of divalent cations, even to negatively charged electrodes. Our simulations indicate that cation desolvation is greatly facilitated by cation-anion coupling. We propose anion solvophobicity as a molecular-level descriptor for rational design of electrolytes with increased efficiency for electrochemical processes limited by multivalent cation desolvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Baskin
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
| | - John W Lawson
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
| | - David Prendergast
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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12
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Baskin A, Prendergast D. Ion Solvation Engineering: How to Manipulate the Multiplicity of the Coordination Environment of Multivalent Ions. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:9336-9343. [PMID: 33090799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Free energy analysis of solvation structures of free divalent cations, their ion pairs, and neutral aggregates in low dielectric solvents reveals the multiplicity of thermodynamically stable cation solvation configurations and identifies the micro- and macroscopic factors responsible for this phenomenon. Specifically, we show the role of ion-solvent interactions and solvent mixtures in determining the cation solvation free energy landscapes. We show that it is the entropic contribution of solvent degrees of freedom that is responsible for the solvation multiplicity, and the mutual balance between enthalpic and entropic forces or their concerted contributions is what ultimately defines the most stable ion solvation configuration and creates new ones. We show general consequences of ion solvation multiplicity on thermodynamics of complex electrolytes, specifically in the context of homogeneous or interfacial charge transfer. Identified factors and their interplay provide a pathway to formulation of solvation design rules that can be used to control bulk solvation, interfacial chemistry, and charge transfer. Our findings also suggest experimentally testable predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Baskin
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - David Prendergast
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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