1
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Zhao S, Tang D, Xiao X, Wang R, Sun Q, Chen Z, Cai X, Li Z, Yu H, Fang WH. Quantum Computation of Conical Intersections on a Programmable Superconducting Quantum Processor. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:7244-7253. [PMID: 38976358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Conical intersections (CIs) are pivotal in many photochemical processes. Traditional quantum chemistry methods, such as the state-average multiconfigurational methods, face computational hurdles in solving the electronic Schrödinger equation within the active space on classical computers. While quantum computing offers a potential solution, its feasibility in studying CIs, particularly on real quantum hardware, remains largely unexplored. Here, we present the first successful realization of a hybrid quantum-classical state-average complete active space self-consistent field method based on the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE-SA-CASSCF) on a superconducting quantum processor. This approach is applied to investigate CIs in two prototypical systems─ethylene (C2H4) and triatomic hydrogen (H3). We illustrate that VQE-SA-CASSCF, coupled with ongoing hardware and algorithmic enhancements, can lead to a correct description of CIs on existing quantum devices. These results lay the groundwork for exploring the potential of quantum computing to study CIs in more complex systems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoukuan Zhao
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Diandong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ruixia Wang
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiming Sun
- Quantum Engine LLC, Lacey, Washington 98516, United States
| | - Zhen Chen
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoxia Cai
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhendong Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Haifeng Yu
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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2
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Chang XP, Wang JL, Peng LY, Cen XJ, Yin BW, Xie BB. Mechanistic photophysics of tellurium-substituted cytosine: Electronic structure calculations and nonadiabatic dynamics simulations. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:339-354. [PMID: 37435854 DOI: 10.1111/php.13835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Previously, the MS-CASPT2 method was performed to study the static and qualitative photophysics of tellurium-substituted cytosine (TeC). To get quantitative information, we used our recently developed QTMF-FSSH dynamics method to simulate the excited-state decay of TeC. The CASSCF method was adopted to reduce the calculation costs, which was confirmed to provide reliable structures and energies as those of MS-CASPT2. A detailed structural analysis showed that only 5% trajectories will hop to the lower triplet or singlet state via the twisted (S2 /S1 /T2 )T intersection, while 67% trajectories will choose the planar intersections of (S2 /S1 /T3 /T2 /T1 )P and (S2 /S1 /T2 /T1 )P but subsequently become twisted in other electronic states. By contrast, ~28% trajectories will maintain in a plane throughout dynamics. Electronic population revealed that the S2 population will ultrafast transfer to the lower triplet or singlet state. Later, the TeC system will populate in the spin-mixed electronic states composed of S1 , T1 and T2 . At the end of 300 fs, most trajectories (~74%) will decay to the ground state and only 17.4% will survive in the triplet states. Our dynamics simulation verified that tellurium substitution will enhance the intersystem crossings, but the very short triplet lifetime (ca. 125 fs) will make TeC a less effective photosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ping Chang
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Jie-Lei Wang
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Ya Peng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-Jiang Cen
- Ningbo Zhongtian Engineering Co., Ltd., Ningbo, China
| | - Bo-Wen Yin
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin-Bin Xie
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Vandaele E, Mališ M, Luber S. A Local Diabatisation Method for Two-State Adiabatic Conical Intersections. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:856-872. [PMID: 38174710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
A methodology to locally characterize conical intersections (CIs) between two adiabatic electronic states for which no nonadiabatic coupling (NAC) vectors are available is presented. Based on the Hessian and gradient at the CI, the branching space coordinates are identified. The potential energy surface around the CI in the branching space is expressed in the diabatic representation, from which the NAC vectors can be calculated in a wave-function-free, energy-based approach. To demonstrate the universality of the developed methodology, the minimum-energy CI (MECI) between the first (S1) and second (S2) singlet excited states of formamide is investigated at the state-averaged complete active space self-consistent field (SA-CASSCF) and extended multistate complete active space second-order perturbation theory (XMS-CASPT2) levels of theory. In addition, the asymmetrical MECI between the ground state (S0) and S1 of cyclopropanone is evaluated using SA-CASSCF, as well as (ME)CIs between the S1 and S2 states of benzene using SA-CASSCF and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). Finally, a CI between the S1 and S2 excited states of thiophene was analyzed using TDDFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Vandaele
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Momir Mališ
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Luber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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4
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Abstract
Endogenous photosensitizers play a critical role in both beneficial and harmful light-induced transformations in biological systems. Understanding their mode of action is essential for advancing fields such as photomedicine, photoredox catalysis, environmental science, and the development of sun care products. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of endogenous photosensitizers in human skin, investigating the connections between their electronic excitation and the subsequent activation or damage of organic biomolecules. We gather the physicochemical and photochemical properties of key endogenous photosensitizers and examine the relationships between their chemical reactivity, location within the skin, and the primary biochemical events following solar radiation exposure, along with their influence on skin physiology and pathology. An important take-home message of this review is that photosensitization allows visible light and UV-A radiation to have large effects on skin. The analysis presented here unveils potential causes for the continuous increase in global skin cancer cases and emphasizes the limitations of current sun protection approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick L Bastos
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frank H Quina
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício S Baptista
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Recio P, Alessandrini S, Vanuzzo G, Pannacci G, Baggioli A, Marchione D, Caracciolo A, Murray VJ, Casavecchia P, Balucani N, Cavallotti C, Puzzarini C, Barone V. Intersystem crossing in the entrance channel of the reaction of O( 3P) with pyridine. Nat Chem 2022; 14:1405-1412. [PMID: 36175514 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01047-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Two quantum effects can enable reactions to take place at energies below the barrier separating reactants from products: tunnelling and intersystem crossing between coupled potential energy surfaces. Here we show that intersystem crossing in the region between the pre-reactive complex and the reaction barrier can control the rate of bimolecular reactions for weakly coupled potential energy surfaces, even in the absence of heavy atoms. For O(3P) plus pyridine, a reaction relevant to combustion, astrochemistry and biochemistry, crossed-beam experiments indicate that the dominant products are pyrrole and CO, obtained through a spin-forbidden ring-contraction mechanism. The experimental findings are interpreted-by high-level quantum-chemical calculations and statistical non-adiabatic computations of branching fractions-in terms of an efficient intersystem crossing occurring before the high entrance barrier for O-atom addition to the N-atom lone pair. At low to moderate temperatures, the computed reaction rates prove to be dominated by intersystem crossing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Recio
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvia Alessandrini
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica 'Giacomo Ciamician', University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Vanuzzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pannacci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alberto Baggioli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Demian Marchione
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Adriana Caracciolo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Vanessa J Murray
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Piergiorgio Casavecchia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Nadia Balucani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Carlo Cavallotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Cristina Puzzarini
- Dipartimento di Chimica 'Giacomo Ciamician', University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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6
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Abstract
Chemiluminescence (CL) utilizing chemiexcitation for energy transformation is one of the most highly sensitive and useful analytical techniques. The chemiexcitation is a chemical process of a ground-state reactant producing an excited-state product, in which a nonadiabatic event is facilitated by conical intersections (CIs), the specific molecular geometries where electronic states are degenerated. Cyclic peroxides, especially 1,2-dioxetane/dioxetanone derivatives, are the iconic chemiluminescent substances. In this Perspective, we concentrated on the CIs in the CL of cyclic peroxides. We first present a computational overview on the role of CIs between the ground (S0) state and the lowest singlet excited (S1) state in the thermolysis of cyclic peroxides. Subsequently, we discuss the role of the S0/S1 CI in the CL efficiency and point out misunderstandings in some theoretical studies on the singlet chemiexcitations of cyclic peroxides. Finally, we address the challenges and future prospects in theoretically calculating S0/S1 CIs and simulating the dynamics and chemiexcitation efficiency in the CL of cyclic peroxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yue
- Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi710049, China
| | - Ya-Jun Liu
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai519087, China
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, China
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7
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Tang D, Jia L, Shen L, Fang WH. Fewest-Switches Surface Hopping with Long Short-Term Memory Networks. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10377-10387. [PMID: 36317657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The mixed quantum-classical dynamical simulation is essential for studying nonadiabatic phenomena in photophysics and photochemistry. In recent years, many machine learning models have been developed to accelerate the time evolution of the nuclear subsystem. Herein, we implement long short-term memory (LSTM) networks as a propagator to accelerate the time evolution of the electronic subsystem during the fewest-switches surface hopping (FSSH) simulations. A small number of reference trajectories are generated using the original FSSH method, and then the LSTM networks can be built, accompanied by careful examination of typical LSTM-FSSH trajectories that employ the same initial condition and random numbers as the corresponding reference. The constructed network is applied to FSSH to further produce a trajectory ensemble to reveal the mechanism of nonadiabatic processes. Taking Tully's three models as test systems, we qualitatively reproduced the collective results. This work demonstrates that LSTM can be applied to the most popular surface hopping simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diandong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Luyang Jia
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Yantai-Jingshi Institute of Material Genome Engineering, Yantai 265505, Shandong, China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Yantai-Jingshi Institute of Material Genome Engineering, Yantai 265505, Shandong, China
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8
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Liu MK, Li J, Li QS, Li ZS. Theoretical insights into photo-induced isomerization mechanisms of phenylsulfinyl radical PhSO˙. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:6266-6273. [PMID: 35229842 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05331k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sulfinyl radicals (R-SO˙) play important roles in lots of reactions, while the isomer oxathiyl radicals (R-OS˙) and the isomerization between them are rarely observed due to the poor stability of R-OS˙. In this work, the complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) and its multi-state second order perturbation (MS-CASPT2) methods were employed to study the photo-induced reaction mechanisms of phenylsulfinyl radical PhSO˙ 1 and its isomer phenoxathiyl radical PhOS˙ 2. Our results show that 1 and 2 have similar singly occupied molecular orbitals in the ground state but different properties in the excited state, which determine their diverse behaviors after irradiation. Radical 1 can generate 2 by light irradiation, but 2 produces isomerization product 3 (2-hydroxyphenylthiyl radical) and ring-opening product 4 (acyclic thioketoketene radical) in two paths via S atom migration intermediate Int1 (2-carbonylcyclohexadienthiyl radical). The former path involves consequent hydrogen shift reactions with a strongly exothermic process while the latter path involves both ring-expansion and ring-opening processes with a high barrier, resulting in a structural and energetic preference for the former path. Moreover, we revealed several conical intersections that participate in the reactions and facilitate the photochemical processes. Our calculations not only remain consistent with and clarify the experimental observations (X. Zeng, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2018, 140(31), 9972-9978) but also enrich the knowledge of sulfinyl radicals and isomer oxathiyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Kai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Quan-Song Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Ze-Sheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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9
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Xie BB, Tang XF, Liu XY, Chang XP, Cui G. Mechanistic photophysics and photochemistry of unnatural bases and sunscreen molecules: insights from electronic structure calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:27124-27149. [PMID: 34849517 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03994f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photophysics and photochemistry are basic subjects in the study of light-matter interactions and are ubiquitous in diverse fields such as biology, energy, materials, and environment. A full understanding of mechanistic photophysics and photochemistry underpins many recent advances and applications. This contribution first provides a short discussion on the theoretical calculation methods we have used in relevant studies, then we introduce our latest progress on the mechanistic photophysics and photochemistry of two classes of molecular systems, namely unnatural bases and sunscreens. For unnatural bases, we disclose the intrinsic driving forces for the ultrafast population to reactive triplet states, impacts of the position and degree of chalcogen substitutions, and the effects of complex environments. For sunscreen molecules, we reveal the photoprotection mechanisms that dissipate excess photon energy to the surroundings by ultrafast internal conversion to the ground state. Finally, relevant theoretical challenges and outlooks are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Bin Xie
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou 311231, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
| | - Xiu-Fang Tang
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou 311231, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
| | - Xiang-Yang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610068, China
| | - Xue-Ping Chang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, P. R. China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China.
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10
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Zhang M, Wang M, Guo Y, Shi Y, Wang J, Chen Y, Zhao C, Zhou Y, Xiao Y, Zhang H, Zhao G. Unveiling the nonadiabatic photoisomerization mechanism of hemicyanines for UV photoprotection. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 260:119949. [PMID: 34023551 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the nonadiabatic energy relaxation mechanism of hemicyanines for UV photoprotection were investigated by using the density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) method for the first time. The absorption spectra and potential energy surfaces (PESs) of four hemicyanines with different positions of substituents were presented. The maximum absorption peaks of the four hemicyanines are located in the UVA region. In addition, all these hemicyanine molecules also have light absorption in both the UVB and UVC regions. At the same time, we found that the trans-cis photoisomerization PESs of all these hemicyanines have a significant conical intersection (CI) point between the first excited state and the ground state. Herein, it was first demonstrated that the UV energy absorbed by the hemicyanines could be dissipated nonadiabatically through the CI point by using the trans-cis photoisomerization dynamics mechanism. This work proves that hemicyanines have the possibility to be applied for UV photoabsorbers, and provides important basis for designing new type of hemicyanines for UV photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshui Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163318, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Yurong Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Yanan Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163318, China.
| | - Yibing Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Yongze Xiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Haoyue Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Guangjiu Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
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11
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Zhu YH, Tang XF, Chang XP, Zhang TS, Xie BB, Cui G. Mechanistic Photophysics of Tellurium-Substituted Uracils: Insights from Multistate Complete-Active-Space Second-Order Perturbation Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:8816-8826. [PMID: 34606278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c06169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The photophysical mechanisms of tellurium-substituted uracils were studied at the multistate complete-active-space second-order perturbation level with a particular focus on how the position and number of tellurium substitutions affect their nonadiabatic relaxation processes. Electronic structure analysis reveals that the lowest several excited states are closely concerned with the n and π orbitals at the Te7-C2 [Te8-C4] moiety of 2-tellurouracil (2TeU) [4TeU and 24TeU]. Both planar and twisted minima were optimized for 2TeU, whereas only planar ones were obtained for 4TeU and 24TeU, except for a twisted T1 minimum of 4TeU. Based on intersection structures and linearly interpolated internal coordinate paths, we proposed several feasible excited-state deactivation paths. It is found that the relaxation channels for 2TeU are more complicated than those of 4TeU and 24TeU. The electronic population transfer to the T1 state for 2TeU is easier than that for 4TeU and 24TeU in consideration of the barrier heights from the S2 Franck-Condon point to the S2/S1 or S2/T2 intersections. In addition, the recovery of the ground state from the T1 state for 2TeU will be more efficient than that for the other two systems as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Fang Tang
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou 311231, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Ping Chang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, P. R. China
| | - Teng-Shuo Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P R. China
| | - Bin-Bin Xie
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou 311231, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
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12
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Matsika S. Electronic Structure Methods for the Description of Nonadiabatic Effects and Conical Intersections. Chem Rev 2021; 121:9407-9449. [PMID: 34156838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonadiabatic effects are ubiquitous in photophysics and photochemistry, and therefore, many theoretical developments have been made to properly describe them. Conical intersections are central in nonadiabatic processes, as they promote efficient and ultrafast nonadiabatic transitions between electronic states. A proper theoretical description requires developments in electronic structure and specifically in methods that describe conical intersections between states and nonadiabatic coupling terms. This review focuses on the electronic structure aspects of nonadiabatic processes. We discuss the requirements of electronic structure methods to describe conical intersections and nonadiabatic couplings, how the most common excited state methods perform in describing these effects, and what the recent developments are in expanding the methodology and implementing nonadiabatic couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spiridoula Matsika
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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13
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Zhu YH, Zhang TS, Tang XF, Xie BB, Cui G. MS-CASPT2 studies on the mechanistic photophysics of tellurium-substituted guanine and cytosine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:12421-12430. [PMID: 34028476 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01142a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur-substituted nucleobases are highly promising photosensitizers that are widely used in photodynamic therapy, and there are numerous studies exploring their unique photophysical behaviors. However, relevant photophysical investigations on selenium and tellurium substitutions are still rare. Herein, the high-level multistate complete-active-space second-order perturbation (MS-CASPT2) method was performed for the first time to explore the excited-state relaxation processes of tellurium-substituted guanine (TeG) and cytosine (TeC). Based on the electronic state properties in the Franck-Condon (FC) region, we found that the lowest five (S0, S1, S2, T1, and T2) and six (S0, S1, S2, T1, T2 and T3) states will participate in the nonadiabatic transition processes of TeG and TeC systems, respectively. In these electronic states, two kinds of minimum and intersection structures (i.e., planar and twisted structures) were obtained for both TeG and TeC systems. The linearly interpolated internal coordinate (LIIC) paths and spin-orbit coupling (SOC) constants revealed several possible planar and twisted excited-state decay channels, which could lead the systems to the lowest reactive triplet state of T1. Small energy barriers in the T1 state will trap the TeG and TeC systems for a while before they finally populate to the ground state. Although tellurium substitution would further redshift the absorption wavelength and enhance the intersystem crossing (ISC) rate to the T1 state compared with sulfur and selenium substitutions, the rapid ISC process of T1 → S0 may make it a less effective photosensitizer to sensitize the molecular oxygen. We believe our present work will provide important mechanistic insights into the photophysics of tellurium-substituted nucleobases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China.
| | - Teng-Shuo Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Fang Tang
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou 311231, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
| | - Bin-Bin Xie
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou 311231, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China.
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"On-The-Fly" Non-Adiabatic Dynamics Simulations on Photoinduced Ring-Closing Reaction of a Nucleoside-Based Diarylethene Photoswitch. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092724. [PMID: 34066431 PMCID: PMC8125013 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside-based diarylethenes are emerging as an especial class of photochromic compounds that have potential applications in regulating biological systems using noninvasive light with high spatio-temporal resolution. However, relevant microscopic photochromic mechanisms at atomic level of these novel diarylethenes remain to be explored. Herein, we have employed static electronic structure calculations (MS-CASPT2//M06-2X, MS-CASPT2//SA-CASSCF) in combination with non-adiabatic dynamics simulations to explore the related photoinduced ring-closing reaction of a typical nucleoside-based diarylethene photoswitch, namely, PS-IV. Upon excitation with UV light, the open form PS-IV can be excited to a spectroscopically bright S1 state. After that, the molecule relaxes to the conical intersection region within 150 fs according to the barrierless relaxed scan of the C1–C6 bond, which is followed by an immediate deactivation to the ground state. The conical intersection structure is very similar to the ground state transition state structure which connects the open and closed forms of PS-IV, and therefore plays a crucial role in the photochromism of PS-IV. Besides, after analyzing the hopping structures, we conclude that the ring closing reaction cannot complete in the S1 state alone since all the C1–C6 distances of the hopping structures are larger than 2.00 Å. Once hopping to the ground state, the molecules either return to the original open form of PS-IV or produce the closed form of PS-IV within 100 fs, and the ring closing quantum yield is estimated to be 56%. Our present work not only elucidates the ultrafast photoinduced pericyclic reaction of the nucleoside-based diarylethene PS-IV, but can also be helpful for the future design of novel nucleoside-based diarylethenes with better performance.
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Xie BB, Liu BL, Tang XF, Tang D, Shen L, Fang WH. Nonadiabatic dynamics simulation of photoinduced ring-opening reaction of 2(5 H)-thiophenone with internal conversion and intersystem crossing. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:9867-9877. [PMID: 33908501 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00281c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, the quantum trajectory mean-field approach, which is able to overcome the overcoherence problem, was generalized to simulate internal conversion and intersystem crossing processes simultaneously. The photoinduced ring-opening and subsequent rearrangement reactions of isolated 2(5H)-thiophenone were studied based on geometry optimizations on critical structures and nonadiabatic dynamics simulations using this method. Upon 267 nm irradiation, the molecule is initially populated in the 1ππ* state. After a sudden rupture of one C-S bond within 100 fs in this state, the lowest two singlet excited states and the lowest two triplet excited states become quasi-degenerated, and then the intersystem crossing processes between singlet and triplet states accompanied by rearrangement reactions can be observed several times. Compared with our previous nonadiabatic simulations in the absence of intersystem crossing (ChemPhotoChem, 2019, 3, 897-906), some new nonadiabatic relaxation pathways involving triplet states and different ring-opening products were identified. The present work provides new mechanistic insights into the photoinduced ring-opening of thio-substituted heterocyclic molecules and reveals the importance of nonadiabatic dynamics simulation that is able to deal with multiple electronic states with different spin multiplicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Bin Xie
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou 311231, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
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