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Tang Z, Zhu H, Pan Z, Gao J, Zhang J. A many-body energy decomposition analysis (MB-EDA) scheme based on a target state optimization self-consistent field (TSO-SCF) method. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:17549-17560. [PMID: 38884195 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01259c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we combine an energy decomposition analysis (EDA) scheme with many-body expansion (MBE) to develop a MB-EDA method to study the cooperative and anti-cooperative effects in molecular cluster systems. Based on the target state optimization self-consistent field (TSO-SCF) method, the intermolecular interaction energy can be decomposed into five chemically meaningful terms, i.e., electrostatic, exchange, polarization, charge transfer and dispersion interaction energies. MB-EDA can decompose each of these terms in MBE. This MB-EDA has been applied to 3 different cluster systems: water clusters, ionic liquid clusters, and acetonitrile-methane clusters. This reveals that electrostatic, exchange, and dispersion interactions are highly pairwise additive in all systems. In water and ionic liquid clusters, the many-body effects are significant in both polarization and charge transfer interactions, but are cooperative and anti-cooperative, respectively. For acetonitrile-methane clusters, which do not involve hydrogen bonds or charge-charge Coulombic interactions, the many-body effects are quite small. The chemical origins of different many-body effects are deeply analyzed. The MB-EDA method has been implemented in Qbics (https://qbics.info) and can be a useful tool for understanding the many-body behavior in molecular aggregates at the quantum chemical level of theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Tang
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong Zhu
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhijun Pan
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiali Gao
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China.
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Edgecomb J, Nguyen DT, Tan S, Murugesan V, Johnson GE, Prabhakaran V. Electrochemical Imaging of Precisely-Defined Redox and Reactive Interfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202405846. [PMID: 38871656 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the diverse electrochemical reactions occurring at electrode-electrolyte interfaces (EEIs) is a critical challenge to developing more efficient energy conversion and storage technologies. Establishing a predictive molecular-level understanding of solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) is challenging due to the presence of multiple intertwined chemical and electrochemical processes occurring at battery electrodes. Similarly, chemical conversions in reactive electrochemical systems are often influenced by the heterogeneous distribution of active sites, surface defects, and catalyst particle sizes. In this mini review, we highlight an emerging field of interfacial science that isolates the impact of specific chemical species by preparing precisely-defined EEIs and visualizing the reactivity of their individual components using single-entity characterization techniques. We highlight the broad applicability and versatility of these methods, along with current state-of-the-art instrumentation and future opportunities for these approaches to address key scientific challenges related to batteries, chemical separations, and fuel cells. We establish that controlled preparation of well-defined electrodes combined with single entity characterization will be crucial to filling key knowledge gaps and advancing the theories used to describe and predict chemical and physical processes occurring at EEIs and accelerating new materials discovery for energy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Edgecomb
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | | | - Shuai Tan
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | | | - Grant E Johnson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
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3
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Vagov A, Nikonov EG. Tracing Vortex Clustering in a Superconductor by the Magnetic Flux Distribution. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3743-3748. [PMID: 37043359 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
By investigating spatial configurations of the intermediate mixed state in an intertype superconductor, it is shown that vortex clustering can be characterized by the sample averaged distribution of the penetrating magnetic field. The clustering is manifested in the two-peak structure of the distribution. The second peak indicates a spot a material occupies in the phase diagram of superconductivity types. The conclusions are general and do not depend on details of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vagov
- HSE University, Moscow 101000, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - E G Nikonov
- HSE University, Moscow 101000, Russia
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
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Zhang J, Tang Z, Zhang X, Zhu H, Zhao R, Lu Y, Gao J. Target State Optimized Density Functional Theory for Electronic Excited and Diabatic States. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:1777-1789. [PMID: 36917687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c01317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
A flexible self-consistent field method, called target state optimization (TSO), is presented for exploring electronic excited configurations and localized diabatic states. The key idea is to partition molecular orbitals into different subspaces according to the excitation or localization pattern for a target state. Because of the orbital-subspace constraint, orbitals belonging to different subspaces do not mix. Furthermore, the determinant wave function for such excited or diabatic configurations can be variationally optimized as a ground state procedure, unlike conventional ΔSCF methods, without the possibility of collapsing back to the ground state or other lower-energy configurations. The TSO method can be applied both in Hartree-Fock theory and in Kohn-Sham density functional theory (DFT). The density projection procedure and the working equations for implementing the TSO method are described along with several illustrative applications. For valence excited states of organic compounds, it was found that the computed excitation energies from TSO-DFT and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) are of similar quality with average errors of 0.5 and 0.4 eV, respectively. For core excitation, doubly excited states and charge-transfer states, the performance of TSO-DFT is clearly superior to that from conventional TD-DFT calculations. It is shown that variationally optimized charge-localized diabatic states can be defined using TSO-DFT in energy decomposition analysis to gain both qualitative and quantitative insights on intermolecular interactions. Alternatively, the variational diabatic states may be used in molecular dynamics simulation of charge transfer processes. The TSO method can also be used to define basis states in multistate density functional theory for excited states through nonorthogonal state interaction calculations. The software implementing TSO-DFT can be accessed from the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Tang
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.,School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Ruoqi Zhao
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.,Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023 Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Yangyi Lu
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jiali Gao
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.,School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Otlyotov AA, Minenkov Y. Conformational energies of microsolvated Na + clusters with protic and aprotic solvents from GFNn-xTB methods. J Comput Chem 2022; 43:1856-1863. [PMID: 36053781 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Performance of contemporary tight-binding semiempirical GFNn-xTB methods for the conformational energies of singly charged sodium clusters Na+ (S)n (n = 4-8) with 3 protic and 8 aprotic solvents is examined against the reference RI-MP2/CBS method. The median Pearson correlation coefficients of ρ = 0.84 (GFN2-xTB) and ρ = 0.82 (GFN1-xTB) do not give the clear preference to any tested approach. GFN1-xTB method demonstrates more stable performance than its GFN2-xTB successor with the average mean absolute errors (MAEs)/mean signed errors (MSEs) of 1.2/0.2 and 2.3/1.6 kcal mol-1 , respectively. Conformational energies produced by the computationally efficient DFT functional PBE and double-ζ basis set complemented with -D3(BJ) dispersion correction are suitable for the preliminary sampling (median ρ = 0.93), but should be used with a caution for the calculations of the average ensemble properties (MAE/MSE = 1.7/1.1 kcal mol-1 ). Higher-ranking PBE0-D3(BJ) and ωB97M-V with triple-ζ basis sets yield significantly lower MAEs/MSEs of 0.55/0.20 and 0.51/0.23 kcal mol-1 , respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arseniy A Otlyotov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yury Minenkov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Bomhardt K, Schneider P, Glaser T, Dürr M. Surface Properties of Ionic Liquids: A Mass Spectrometric View Based on Soft Cluster-Induced Desorption. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:974-980. [PMID: 35579531 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Desorption/ionization induced by neutral clusters (DINeC) in combination with mass spectrometry (MS) was used for the investigation of the molecular composition of the surface of ionic liquids (IL). Based on the surface sensitivity of DINeC-MS, accumulation of either cations or anions was discriminated on the surface of bulk IL depending on the molecular structure of the IL components. In particular, cations with long alkyl chains aggregate on the surface, but this tendency is more reduced the larger the respective anion is; in the case of larger anions and smaller cations, it can be even reversed. For thin layers of IL, the ratio between cations and anions as detected in the mass spectra was found to be further influenced by the substrate surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolin Bomhardt
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Pascal Schneider
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Timo Glaser
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael Dürr
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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Zhang J, Lu T. Efficient evaluation of electrostatic potential with computerized optimized code. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:20323-20328. [PMID: 34486612 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02805g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of molecular electrostatic potential (ESP) is a performance bottleneck for many computational chemical tasks like restrained ESP charge fitting or quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics simulations. In this paper, an efficient algorithm for the evaluation of ESP is proposed. It regroups the expression in terms of primitive Gaussian type orbitals (GTOs) with identical angular momentum types and nuclei centers. Each term is calculated using a computerized optimized code. This algorithm was integrated into the wavefunction analysis program Multiwfn and was tested on several large systems. In the cases of dopamine and remdesivir, the performance of this algorithm was comparable to or better than some popular state-of-the-art codes. For meta1-organic framework-5, where the number of GTOs and ESP points is 4840 and 259 262, respectively, our code could finish the evaluation in 1874 seconds on ordinary hardware. It also exhibits good parallelization scaling. The source code of this algorithm is freely available and can become a useful tool for computational chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tian Lu
- Beijing Kein Research Center for Natural Sciences, Beijing 100022, People's Republic of China
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Córdoba-Camacho WY, Vagov A, Shanenko AA, Aguiar JA, Vasenko AS, Stolyarov VS. Vortex Interactions and Clustering in Thin Superconductors. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:4172-4179. [PMID: 33896186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cluster formation is a focus of interdisciplinary research in both chemistry and physics. Here we discuss the exotic example of this phenomenon in the vortex matter of a thin superconductor. In superconducting films, the clustering takes place because of particular properties of the vortex interactions in the crossover or intertype regime between superconductivity types I and II. These interactions are controlled by the two parameters that are responsible for the crossover, Ginzburg-Landau parameter κ, which specifies the superconducting material of the film, and film thickness d, which controls effects due to stray magnetic fields outside the sample. We demonstrate that their competition gives rise to a complex spatial dependence of the interaction potential between vortices, favoring the formation of chainlike vortex clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Y Córdoba-Camacho
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
- HSE University, Moscow 101000, Russia
| | - A Vagov
- Institute for Theoretical Physics III, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | | | - J Albino Aguiar
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - A S Vasenko
- HSE University, Moscow 101000, Russia
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, San Sebastián/Donostia 20018, Basque Country, Spain
| | - V S Stolyarov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
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Roy HA, Hamlow LA, Rodgers MT. Gas-Phase Binding Energies and Dissociation Dynamics of 1-Alkyl-3-Methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate Ionic Liquid Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:10181-10198. [PMID: 33231466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c06297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have become increasingly popular due to their useful and unique properties, yet there are still many unanswered questions regarding their fundamental interactions. In particular, details regarding the nature and strength of the intrinsic cation-anion interactions and how they influence the macroscopic properties of ILs are still largely unknown. Elucidating the molecular-level details of these interactions is essential to the development of better models for describing ILs and enabling the purposeful design of ILs with properties tailored for specific applications. Current uses of ILs are widespread and diverse and include applications for energy storage, electrochemistry, designer/green solvents, separations, and space propulsion. To advance the understanding of the energetics, conformations, and dynamics of gas-phase IL clustering relevant to space propulsion, threshold collision-induced dissociation approaches are used to measure the bond dissociation energies (BDEs) of the 2:1 clusters of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cations and tetrafluoroborate, [2Cnmim:BF4]+. The cation, [Cnmim]+, is varied across the series, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium [C2mim]+, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium [C4mim]+, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium [C6mim]+, and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium [C8mim]+, to examine the structural and energetic effects of the size of the 1-alkyl substituent on binding. Complementary electronic structure calculations are performed to determine the structures and energetics of the [Cnmim]+ and [BF4]- ions and their binding preferences in the (Cnmim:BF4) ion pairs and [2Cnmim:BF4]+ clusters. Several levels of theory, B3LYP, B3LYP-GD3BJ, and M06-2X, using the 6-311+G(d,p) basis set for geometry optimizations and frequency analyses and the 6-311+G(2d,2p) basis set for energetics, are benchmarked to examine their abilities to properly describe the nature of the binding interactions and to reproduce the measured BDEs. The modest structural variation among these [Cnmim]+ cations produces only minor structural changes and variation in the measured BDEs of the [2Cnmim:BF4]+ clusters. Present findings indicate that the dominant cation-anion interactions involve the 3-methylimidazolium moieties and that these clusters are sufficiently small that differences in packing effects associated with the variable length of the 1-alkyl substituents are not yet significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - L A Hamlow
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - M T Rodgers
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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