1
|
Wu J, Guo R, Wu D, Li X, Wu X. Turning Nonmagnetic Two-Dimensional Molybdenum Disulfides into Room-Temperature Ferromagnets by the Synergistic Effect of Lattice Stretching and Charge Injection. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:2293-2300. [PMID: 38386013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Exploring two-dimensional (2D) room-temperature magnetic materials in the field of 2D spintronics remains a formidable challenge. The vast array of nonmagnetic 2D materials provides abundant resources for exploration, but the strategy to convert them into intrinsic room-temperature magnets remains elusive. To address this challenge, we present a general strategy based on surface halogenation for the transition from nonmagnetism to intrinsic room-temperature ferromagnetism in 2D MoS2 based on first-principles calculations. The derived 2D halogenated MoS2 are half-semimetals with a high Curie temperature (TC) of 430-589 K and excellent stability. In-depth mechanistic studies revealed that this marvelous nonmagnetism-to-ferromagnetism transition originates from the modulation of the splitting as well as the occupation of the Mo d orbitals by the synergy of lattice stretching and charge injection induced by the surface halogenation. This work establishes a promising route for exploring 2D room-temperature magnetic materials from the abundant pool of 2D nonmagnetic counterparts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Quantum Transport and Thermal Energy Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Yancheng Kangju Road Junior Middle School, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Ruyi Guo
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Quantum Transport and Thermal Energy Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Daoxiong Wu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiuling Li
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Quantum Transport and Thermal Energy Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, and School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Snoeren TJ, Pressler K, Kluherz KT, Walsh KM, De Yoreo JJ, Gamelin DR. Luminescence and Covalency in Ytterbium-Doped CrX 3 (X = Cl, Br, I) van der Waals Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17427-17434. [PMID: 37523747 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The layered 2D van der Waals ferromagnets CrX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) show broad d-d photoluminescence (PL). Here we report preparation, structural characterization, and spectroscopic studies of all three CrX3 compounds doped with the optical impurity, Yb3+. EXAFS measurements show very similar Cr K-edge and Yb L-edge data for each doped compound, and good fits of the latter are obtained for structures having Yb3+ occupying substitutional octahedral sites. Yb-X bond lengths are systematically ∼0.25 Å larger than their Cr-X counterparts. 4 K PL measurements show efficient sensitization of Yb3+ luminescence upon photoexcitation into lattice absorption bands [Cr3+ d-d and ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT)] for all three compounds, converting their nondescript broadband d-d PL into sharp f-f emission. The PL of CrCl3:Yb3+ and CrBr3:Yb3+ occurs at energies typical for [YbX6]3- with these halides, with PL decay times of 0.5-1.0 ms at 4 K, but CrI3:Yb3+ displays anomalously low-energy Yb3+ emission and an unusually short PL decay time of only 8 μs at 4 K. Data analysis and angular overlap model (AOM) calculations show that Yb3+ in CrI3:Yb3+ has a lower spin-orbit splitting energy than reported for any other Yb3+ in any other compound. We attribute these observations to exceptionally high covalency of the Yb3+ f orbitals in CrI3:Yb3+ stemming primarily from the shallow valence-shell ionization potentials of the iodide anions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thom J Snoeren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Kimo Pressler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Kyle T Kluherz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Kelly M Walsh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - James J De Yoreo
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Daniel R Gamelin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ma R, Sun Y, Ge M, Ma C, Zhang J. Electronic and magnetic properties of charged point defects in monolayer CrI 3. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:8809-8815. [PMID: 36916286 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05657g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The two-dimensional magnetic material CrI3 has gained considerable attention owing to its promising applications in photoelectric and spin-related devices. Recently, various structural defects in CrI3 have been identified; however, the charge states of these defects have been mainly ignored. Here, we report on an investigation of the charged defects in monolayer CrI3, focused on the electronic and magnetic properties of the five most stable point defects using first-principles calculations. For positively charged I vacancies and negatively charged Cr vacancies, a blue- and red-shift of defect states near the Fermi level can be observed because of the atom relaxation. Our results also indicate that, among the five defects, the Cr interstitial defect has the smallest ionization energy of 0.34 eV, which makes its ionization easiest. Furthermore, a 0.2 μB enhancement of the magnetic moment on the nearest Cr atom can be found for the I vacancy and Cr interstitial defect. The investigation contributes to the atomic-scale comparison and understanding of the charged defects of monolayer CrI3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Ma
- School of Physics and Information, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China.
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Measurement and Analysis of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Yun Sun
- School of Physics and Information, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China.
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Measurement and Analysis of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Mei Ge
- School of Physics and Information, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China.
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Measurement and Analysis of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Chenrui Ma
- School of Physics and Information, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China.
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Measurement and Analysis of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- School of Physics and Information, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China.
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Measurement and Analysis of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Said H, Garbouj H, Debbichi M, El Hog S, Lebègue S. Ab initio investigations of a CoBiS monolayer with and without point defects. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:1187-1195. [PMID: 36519552 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03891a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Through density functional theory (DFT) calculations, a new triclinic monolayer, namely CoBiS, with higher stability than that of penta-CoBiS, is predicted. Our results show that this monolayer is a nonmagnetic metallic compound. To tune its magnetic properties, we systematically investigated the formation and energetics of different point defects in the CoBiS monolayer, such as VBi, VS and VCo. We find that the monolayer becomes magnetic with the different points defects. Our calculated magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) indicated that VBi and VS exhibit out-of-plane MAE, while the MAE is in-plane for VCo. By solving the Heisenberg model using the Monte Carlo simulation method, we obtain transition temperatures for VS and VCo systems much larger than room temperature, implying potential applications in spintronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Said
- Laboratoire de la matière condensée et nanosciences, Département de Physique, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - H Garbouj
- Laboratoire de la matière condensée et nanosciences, Département de Physique, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - M Debbichi
- Laboratoire de la matière condensée et nanosciences, Département de Physique, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - S El Hog
- Laboratoire de la matière condensée et nanosciences, Département de Physique, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - S Lebègue
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie, Résonance Magnétique et Modélisations (CRM2, UMR CNRS 7036) Institut Jean Barriol, Université de Lorraine, BP 239, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu D, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Huang L, Xiao Y, Chen S, Zhao Y. Atomic Intercalation Induced Spin-Flip Transition in Bilayer CrI 3. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1420. [PMID: 35564129 PMCID: PMC9101792 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The recent discovery of 2D magnets has induced various intriguing phenomena due to the modulated spin polarization by other degrees of freedoms such as phonons, interlayer stacking, and doping. The mechanism of the modulated spin-polarization, however, is not clear. In this work, we demonstrate theoretically and computationally that interlayer magnetic coupling of the CrI3 bilayer can be well controlled by intercalation and carrier doping. Interlayer atomic intercalation and carrier doping have been proven to induce an antiferromagnetic (AFM) to ferromagnetic (FM) phase transition in the spin-polarization of the CrI3 bilayer. Our results revealed that the AFM to FM transition induced by atom intercalation was a result of enhanced superexchange interaction between Cr atoms of neighboring layers. FM coupling induced by O intercalation mainly originates from the improved superexchange interaction mediated by Cr 3d-O 2p coupling. FM coupling induced by Li intercalation was found to be much stronger than that by O intercalation, which was attributed to the much stronger superexchange by electron doping than by hole doping. This comprehensive spin exchange mechanism was further confirmed by our results of the carrier doping effect on the interlayer magnetic coupling. Our work provides a deep understanding of the underlying spin exchange mechanism in 2D magnetic materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongsi Wu
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.); (L.H.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ying Zhao
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.); (L.H.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yibin Yang
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.); (L.H.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Le Huang
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.); (L.H.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ye Xiao
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.); (L.H.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.); (L.H.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.); (L.H.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|