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Liu M, Wu B, Baryshnikov GV, Shen S, Sun H, Gu X, Ågren H, Xu Y, Zou Q, Qu DH, Zhu L. Photo-controlled order-to-order host-guest self-assembly transfer for an afterglow effect with water resistance. Chem Sci 2024; 15:12569-12579. [PMID: 39118609 PMCID: PMC11304790 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03451a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the general incompleteness of photochemical reactions, the photostationary structure in traditional photo-controlled host-guest self-assembly transfer is usually disordered or irregular. This fact readily affects the photoregulation or improvement of related material properties. Herein, a photoexcitation-induced aggregation molecule, hydroxyl hexa(thioaryl)benzene (HB), was grafted into β-cyclodextrin to form a host-guest system. Upon irradiation, the excited state conformational change of HB can drive an order-to-order phase transition of the system, enabling the transfer of the initial linear nanostructure to a photostationary worm-like nanostructure with orderliness and crystallinity capability. Along with the photoexcitation-controlled phase transition, an afterglow effect was obtained from the films prepared by doping the host-guest system into poly(vinyl alcohol). The afterglow effect had a superior water resistance, which successfully overcame the general sensitivity of doped materials with the afterglow effect to water vapor. These results are expected to provide new insights for pushing forward chemical self-assembly from the light perspective, towards materials with superior and stable properties under light treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouwei Liu
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Glib V Baryshnikov
- Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University Norrköping 60174 Sweden
| | - Shen Shen
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Xinyan Gu
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Hans Ågren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University Box 516 Uppsala SE-751 20 Sweden
| | - Yifei Xu
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Qi Zou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Da-Hui Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
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2
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Li J, Jia X. Photo-Controlled Self-Assembly of Nanoparticles: A Promising Strategy for Development of Novel Structures. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2562. [PMID: 37764591 PMCID: PMC10535597 DOI: 10.3390/nano13182562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Photo-controlled self-assembly of nanoparticles (NPs) is an advanced and promising approach to address a series of material issues from the molecular level to the nano/micro scale, owing to the fact that light stimulus is typically precise and rapid, and can provide contactless spatial and temporal control. The traditional photo-controlled assembly of NPs is based on photochemical processes through NPs modified by photo-responsive molecules, which are realized through the change in chemical structure under irradiation. Moreover, photoexcitation-induced assembly of NPs is another promising physical strategy, and such a strategy aims to employ molecular conformational change in the excited state (rather than the chemical structure) to drive molecular motion and assembly. The exploration and control of NP assembly through such a photo-controlled strategy can open a new paradigm for scientists to deal with "bottom-up" behaviors and develop unprecedented optoelectronic functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoyong Jia
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, College of Future Technical, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China;
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3
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Jia X, Zhu L. Photoexcitation-Induced Assembly: A Bottom-Up Physical Strategy for Driving Molecular Motion and Phase Evolution. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:655-666. [PMID: 36888924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusIn the field of molecular assembly, photodriven self-assembly is a smart and crucial strategy to regulate the molecular orderliness, multiscale structure, and optoelectronic properties. Traditionally, photodriven self-assembly is based on photochemical processes, through molecular structural change induced by photoreactions. Despite great progress in the photochemical self-assembly, there still exists disadvantages (e.g., the photoconversion rate never reaches 100% with the possible side reactions). Therefore, the photoinduced nanostructure and morphology are often difficult to predict due to insufficient phase transition or defects. In contrast, the physical processes based on photoexcitation are straightforward and can fully utilize photons to avoid the drawbacks of photochemistry. The photoexcitation strategy excludes the change of molecular structure, only utilizing the molecular conformational change from the ground state to excited state. Then, the excited state conformation is employed to drive molecular movement and aggregation, further promoting the synergistic assembly or phase transition of the entire material system. The regulation and exploration of molecular assembly upon photoexcitation can open up a new paradigm to deal with the "bottom-up" behavior and develop unprecedented optoelectronic functional materials.This Account starts with a brief introduction to the problems faced by photocontrolled self-assembly and presents the photoexcitation-induced assembly (PEIA) strategy. Then, we focus on exploring PEIA strategy based on persulfurated arenes as the prototype. The molecular conformational transition of persulfurated arenes from the ground state to the excited state is conducive to the formation of intermolecular interactions, successively driving molecular motion, aggregation, and assembly. Next, we describe our progress in exploring PEIA of persulfurated arenes at the molecular level and then demonstrate that the PEIA of persulfurated arenes can synergistically drive molecular motion and phase transition in various block copolymer systems. Moreover, we provide the potential applications of PEIA in dynamic visual imaging, information encryption, and surface property regulation. Finally, an outlook on further development of PEIA is prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
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4
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Jin JM, Chen WC, Tan JH, Li Y, Mu Y, Zhu ZL, Cao C, Ji S, Hu D, Huo Y, Zhang HL, Lee CS. Photo-controllable Luminescence from Radicals Leading to Ratiometric Emission Switching via Dynamic Intermolecular Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214281. [PMID: 36314420 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The development of photoinduced luminescent radicals with dynamic emission color is still challenging. Herein we report a novel molecular radical system (TBIQ) that shows photo-controllable luminescence, leading to a wide range of ratiometric color changes via light excitation. The conjugated skeleton of TBIQ is decorated with steric-demanding tertiary butyl groups that enable appropriate intermolecular interaction to make dynamic intermolecular coupling possible for controllable behaviors. We reveal that the helicenic pseudo-planar conformation of TBIQ experiences a planarization process after light excitation, leading to more compactly stacked supermolecules and thus generating radicals via intermolecular charge transfer. The photo-controllable luminescent radical system is employed for a high-level information encryption application. This study may offer unique insight into molecular dynamic motion for optical manufacturing and broaden the scope of smart-responsive materials for advanced applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ming Jin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Cheng Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Hua Tan
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yingxiao Mu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Lin Zhu
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Chen Cao
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Shaomin Ji
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Dehua Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Huo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Li Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MOE), and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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Yang F, Yue B, Zhu L. Light-triggered Modulation of Supramolecular Chirality. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203794. [PMID: 36653305 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Dynamically controlling the supramolecular chirality is of great significance in development of functional chiral materials, which is thus essential for the specific function implementation. As an external energy input, light is remote and accurate for modulating chiral assemblies. In non-polarized light control, some photochemically reactive units (e. g., azobenzene, ɑ-cyanostilbene, spiropyran, anthracene) or photo-induced directionally rotating molecular motors were designed to drive chiral transfer or amplification. Besides, photoexcitation induced assembly based physical approach was also explored recently to regulate supramolecular chirality beyond photochemical reactions. In addition, circularly polarized light was applied to induce asymmetric arrangement of organic molecules and asymmetric photochemical synthesis of inorganic metallic nanostructures, in which both wavelength and handedness of circularly polarized light have effects on the induced supramolecular chirality. Although light-triggered chiral assemblies have been widely applied in photoelectric materials, biomedical fields, soft actuator, chiral catalysis and chiral sensing, there is a lack of systematic review on this topic. In this review, we summarized the recent studies and perspectives in the constructions and applications of light-responsive chiral assembled systems, aiming to provide better knowledge for the development of multifunctional chiral nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, P. R. China
| | - Bingbing Yue
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
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6
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Xu X, Zhang M, Li Z, Ye D, Gou L, Zou Q, Zhu L. Highly efficient light-induced self-assembly of gold nanoparticles promoted by photoexcitation-induced aggregatable ligands. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:418-421. [PMID: 36515095 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06188k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There are numerous ways to achieve light-induced self-assembly of gold nanoparticles, but most of them are through chemical reaction and slow. Ligands that can perform photoexcitation-induced aggregation were synthesized and modified onto gold nanoparticles. The leading functionalized nanoparticles exhibit highly efficient light-induced self-assembly properties and show high-contrast color fading in tens of seconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Zhongyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Danfeng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Lizhen Gou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Qi Zou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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7
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Luminescent properties and recent progress in applications of lanthanide metal-organic frameworks. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.108009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Yue B, Feng X, Wang C, Zhang M, Lin H, Jia X, Zhu L. In Situ Regulation of Microphase Separation-Recognized Circularly Polarized Luminescence via Photoexcitation-Induced Molecular Aggregation. ACS NANO 2022; 16:16201-16210. [PMID: 36130082 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) has attracted great interest owing to its extensive optical information and chiral structural dependence. However, rationally regulating solid-phase CPL signals remains difficult because of the close packing of molecules in solid-state materials and the lack of structural visualization. In this work, we proposed a microphase-separation-recognized CPL regulation strategy via coassembly of a hexathiobenzene-based luminophore and chiral block copolymer (cBCP) with in situ photocontrollability. As a consequence to the continuous increase in the luminophore-to-cBCP ratio, the CPL signal of the supramolecular system exhibited an increasing trend until a critical point. Then, further increasing the ratio stretched the helical pitch of cBCP, which led to CPL reduction. With the photoexcitation-induced molecular aggregation of the luminophore, which was implemented using in situ photoirradiation, the helical pitch was retracted along with the restoration of the CPL signal. These processes were fully recognized and monitored by the microphase-separated nanomorphological change of the coassembled system, which indicated that such a structural contrast could be an effective method for rationally regulating the supramolecular chiropticity of solid-state materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Yue
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xicheng Feng
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Cisong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xiaoyong Jia
- Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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9
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Yue B, Jia X, Baryshnikov GV, Jin X, Feng X, Lu Y, Luo M, Zhang M, Shen S, Ågren H, Zhu L. Photoexcitation‐Based Supramolecular Access to Full‐Scale Phase‐Diagram Structures through in situ Phase‐Volume Ratio Phototuning. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209777. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Yue
- School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Xiaoyong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
- Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 China
| | - Glib V. Baryshnikov
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology Linköping University 60174 Norrköping Sweden
| | - Xin Jin
- Institute of Lasers and Biophotonics School of Biomedical Engineering Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 China
| | - Xicheng Feng
- School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Yunle Lu
- School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Mengkai Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Shen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Hans Ågren
- Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy Uppsala University 75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
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10
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Yue B, Jia X, Baryshnikov GV, Jin X, Feng X, Lu Y, Luo M, Zhang M, Shen S, Ågren H, Zhu L. Photoexcitation‐based Supramolecular Access to Full‐scale Phase‐diagram Structures through in situ Phase‐volume Ratio Phototuning. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Yue
- Fudan University Department of Macromolecular Science CHINA
| | - Xiaoyong Jia
- Fudan University Department of Macromolecular Science CHINA
| | | | - Xin Jin
- Wenzhou Medical College - Chashan Campus: Wenzhou Medical University School of Biomedical Engineering CHINA
| | - Xicheng Feng
- USST: University of Shanghai for Science and Technology School of Materials and Chemistry CHINA
| | - Yunle Lu
- Fudan University Department of Macromolecular Science CHINA
| | - Mengkai Luo
- Fudan University Department of Macromolecular Science CHINA
| | - Man Zhang
- Fudan University Department of Macromolecular Science CHINA
| | - Shen Shen
- Fudan University Department of Macromolecular Science CHINA
| | - Hans Ågren
- Uppsala Universitet Department of Physics and Astronomy Roslagstullsbacken 15 10691 Stockholm SWEDEN
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- Fudan University Department of Macromolecular Science 220 Handan RoadYangpu District 200433 Shanghai CHINA
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11
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Yunle L, Yanjie W, Liangliang Z, Bingbing Y. Progress in Synthesis and Aggregation-Induced Phosphorescence of Persulfurated Arene Compounds. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202204063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Gong Y, Zhang M, Jia X, Yue B, Zhu L. Rigid Polymer Network-Based Autonomous Photoswitches Working in the Solid State Encoded by Room-Temperature Phosphorescence. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:14398-14406. [PMID: 34851633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Autonomous molecular switches with self-recoverability are of great theoretical and experimental interest since they can avoid additional chemical or energy imposition during the working process. Due to the high energy barrier, however, the solid state is generally unfavorable for materials to exhibit the autonomous switch behavior. To promote the practical usage of the autonomous molecular switch, herein, we propose a prototype of an autonomous photoswitch that can work in the solid state based on a rigid polymer network. A hexacarboxylic sodium-modified hexathiobenzene compound was employed as a photoexcitation-driven unit, which can undergo molecular aggregation upon irradiation because of the distinct conformational difference between the ground state and the photoexcited state. Then, we selected a relatively rigid polymer named poly(dimethyldiallylammonium)chloride (PDDA) to complex with the hexacarboxylic sodium-modified hexathiobenzene through electrostatic coupling. Through optimization, the photoexcitation-controlled molecular aggregation and its self-recovery can work well in the solid matrix of PDDA under rhythmical photoirradiation. This process can be easily encoded by a self-recoverable room-temperature phosphorescence, featuring an excellent performance of the autonomous switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaoyong Jia
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, 475004 Kaifeng, P. R. China
| | - Bingbing Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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