1
|
Fábri C, Császár AG, Halász GJ, Cederbaum LS, Vibók Á. Coupling polyatomic molecules to lossy nanocavities: Lindblad vs Schrödinger description. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:214308. [PMID: 38836455 DOI: 10.1063/5.0205048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of cavities to impact molecular structure and dynamics has become popular. As cavities, in particular plasmonic nanocavities, are lossy and the lifetime of their modes can be very short, their lossy nature must be incorporated into the calculations. The Lindblad master equation is commonly considered an appropriate tool to describe this lossy nature. This approach requires the dynamics of the density operator and is thus substantially more costly than approaches employing the Schrödinger equation for the quantum wave function when several or many nuclear degrees of freedom are involved. In this work, we compare numerically the Lindblad and Schrödinger descriptions discussed in the literature for a molecular example where the cavity is pumped by a laser. The laser and cavity properties are varied over a range of parameters. It is found that the Schrödinger description adequately describes the dynamics of the polaritons and emission signal as long as the laser intensity is moderate and the pump time is not much longer than the lifetime of the cavity mode. Otherwise, it is demonstrated that the Schrödinger description gradually fails. We also show that the failure of the Schrödinger description can often be remedied by renormalizing the wave function at every step of time propagation. The results are discussed and analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Fábri
- HUN-REN-ELTE Complex Chemical Systems Research Group, P.O. Box 32, H-1518 Budapest 112, Hungary
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila G Császár
- HUN-REN-ELTE Complex Chemical Systems Research Group, P.O. Box 32, H-1518 Budapest 112, Hungary
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure and Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor J Halász
- Department of Information Technology, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Lorenz S Cederbaum
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ágnes Vibók
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Dugonics tér 13, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fábri C, Halász GJ, Cederbaum LS, Vibók Á. Impact of Cavity on Molecular Ionization Spectra. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:4655-4661. [PMID: 38647546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Ionization phenomena have been widely studied for decades. With the advent of cavity technology, the question arises how quantum light affects molecular ionization. As the ionization spectrum is recorded from the neutral ground state, it is usually possible to choose cavities which exert negligible effect on the neutral ground state, but have significant impact on the ion and the ionization spectrum. Particularly interesting are cases where the ion exhibits conical intersections between close-lying electronic states, which gives rise to substantial nonadiabatic effects. Assuming single-molecule strong coupling, we demonstrate that vibrational modes irrelevant in the absence of a cavity play a decisive role when the molecule is in the cavity. Here, dynamical symmetry breaking is responsible for the ion-cavity coupling and high symmetry enables control of the coupling via molecular orientation relative to the cavity field polarization. Significant impact on the spectrum by the cavity is found and shown to even substantially increase for less symmetric molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Fábri
- HUN-REN-ELTE Complex Chemical Systems Research Group, H-1518 Budapest 112, Hungary
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor J Halász
- Department of Information Technology, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Lorenz S Cederbaum
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ágnes Vibók
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd, Dugonics tér 13, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Climent C, Casanova D, Feist J, Garcia-Vidal FJ. Not dark yet for strong light-matter coupling to accelerate singlet fission dynamics. CELL REPORTS. PHYSICAL SCIENCE 2022; 3:100841. [PMID: 35620360 PMCID: PMC9022090 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2022.100841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polaritons are unique hybrid light-matter states that offer an alternative way to manipulate chemical processes. In this work, we show that singlet fission dynamics can be accelerated under strong light-matter coupling. For superexchange-mediated singlet fission, state mixing speeds up the dynamics in cavities when the lower polariton is close in energy to the multiexcitonic state. This effect is more pronounced in non-conventional singlet fission materials in which the energy gap between the bright singlet exciton and the multiexcitonic state is large ( > 0.1 eV). In this case, the dynamics is dominated by the polaritonic modes and not by the bare-molecule-like dark states, and, additionally, the resonant enhancement due to strong coupling is robust even for energetically broad molecular states. The present results provide a new strategy to expand the range of suitable materials for efficient singlet fission by making use of strong light-matter coupling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clàudia Climent
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Casanova
- Donostia International Physics Centre (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Johannes Feist
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Garcia-Vidal
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A∗STAR), Connexis, 138632, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fábri C, Halász GJ, Vibók Á. Probing Light-Induced Conical Intersections by Monitoring Multidimensional Polaritonic Surfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:1172-1179. [PMID: 35084197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of a molecule with the quantized electromagnetic field of a nanocavity gives rise to light-induced conical intersections between polaritonic potential energy surfaces. We demonstrate for a realistic model of a polyatomic molecule that the time-resolved ultrafast radiative emission of the cavity enables following both nuclear wavepacket dynamics on, and nonadiabatic population transfer between, polaritonic surfaces without applying a probe pulse. The latter provides an unambiguous (and in principle experimentally accessible) dynamical fingerprint of light-induced conical intersections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Fábri
- MTA-ELTE Complex Chemical Systems Research Group, P.O. Box 32, Budapest 112, H-1518, Hungary
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, Debrecen, H-4002, Hungary
| | - Gábor J Halász
- Department of Information Technology, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, Debrecen, H-4002, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Vibók
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, Debrecen, H-4002, Hungary
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Dugonics tér 13, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fábri C, Halász GJ, Cederbaum LS, Vibók Á. Radiative emission of polaritons controlled by light-induced geometric phase. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12612-12615. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04222c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polaritons – hybrid light-matter states formed in cavity – strongly change the properties of the underlying matter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Fábri
- MTA-ELTE Complex Chemical Systems Research Group, P.O. Box 32, H-1518 Budapest 112, Hungary
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Debrecen, PO Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor J. Halász
- Department of Information Technology, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Lorenz S. Cederbaum
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ágnes Vibók
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Debrecen, PO Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Limited, Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, H-6728 Szeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ahrens A, Huang C, Beutel M, Covington C, Varga K. Stochastic Variational Approach to Small Atoms and Molecules Coupled to Quantum Field Modes in Cavity QED. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:273601. [PMID: 35061426 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.273601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present a stochastic variational calculation (SVM) of energies and wave functions of few particle systems coupled to quantum fields in cavity QED. The spatial wave function and the photon spaces are optimized by a random selection process. Using correlated basis functions, the SVM approach solves the problem accurately and opens the way to the same precision that is reached the nonlight coupled quantum systems. Examples for a two-dimensional trion and confined electrons as well as for the He atom and the H_{2} molecule are presented showing that the light-matter coupling drastically changes the electronic states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ahrens
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - Chenhang Huang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - Matt Beutel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - Cody Covington
- Department of Chemistry, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, Tennessee 37044, USA
| | - Kálmán Varga
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yan Y, Ergogo TT, Lü Z, Chen L, Luo J, Zhao Y. Lamb Shift and the Vacuum Rabi Splitting in a Strongly Dissipative Environment. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:9919-9925. [PMID: 34613722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We study the vacuum Rabi splitting of a qubit ultrastrongly coupled to a high-Q cavity mode and a radiation reservoir. Three methods are employed: a numerically exact variational approach with a multiple Davydov ansatz, the rotating-wave approximation (RWA), and the transformed RWA. Agreement between the variational results and the transformed RWA results is found in the regime of validity of the latter, where the RWA breaks down completely. We illustrate that the Lamb shift plays an essential role in modifying the vacuum Rabi splitting in the ultrastrong coupling regime, leading to off-resonant qubit-cavity coupling even though the cavity frequency equals the bare transition frequency of the qubit. Specifically, the emission spectrum exhibits one broad low-frequency peak and one narrow high-frequency peak in the presence of relatively weak cavity-qubit coupling. As the cavity-qubit coupling increases, the low-frequency peak narrows while the high-frequency peak broadens until they have similar widths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Yan
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Tadele T Ergogo
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Zhiguo Lü
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lipeng Chen
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Str., 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - JunYan Luo
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Division of Materials Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|