1
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Langeland J, Lindkvist TT, Kjær C, Nielsen SB. Gas-phase Förster resonance energy transfer in mass-selected and trapped ions. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:477-499. [PMID: 36514825 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Förster Resonance Energy transfer (FRET) is a nonradiative process that may occur from an electronically excited donor to an acceptor when the emission spectrum of the donor overlaps with the absorption spectrum of the acceptor. FRET experiments have been done in the gas phase based on specially designed mass-spectroscopy setups with the goal to obtain structural information on biomolecular ions labeled with a FRET pair (i.e., donor and acceptor dyes) and to shed light on the energy-transfer process itself. Ions are accumulated in a radio-frequency ion trap or a Penning trap where mass selection of those of interest takes place, followed by photoexcitation. Gas-phase FRET is identified from detection of emitted light either from the donor, the acceptor, or both, or from a fragmentation channel that is specific to the acceptor when electronically excited. The challenge associated with the first approach is the collection and detection of photons emitted from a thin ion cloud that is not easily accessible while the second approach relies both on the photophysical and chemical behavior of the acceptor. In this review, we present the different instrumentation used for gas-phase FRET, including a discussion of advantages and disadvantages, and examples on how the technique has provided important structural information that is not easily obtainable otherwise. Furthermore, we describe how the spectroscopic properties of the dyes are affected by nearby electric fields, which is readily discernable from experiments on simple model systems with alkyl or π-conjugated bridges. Such spectral changes can have a significant effect on the FRET efficiency. Ideas for new directions are presented at the end with special focus on cold-ion spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeppe Langeland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Christina Kjær
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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2
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Zheng H, Li YX, Xiong WC, Wang XC, Gong SS, Pu S, Shi R, Sun Q. Mechanistic insights into diversified photoluminescence behaviours of BF 2 complexes of N-benzoyl 2-aminobenzothiazoles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:11611-11617. [PMID: 38546106 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00101j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Many BF2 complexes of heteroaromatics are well known for their dual-state emission (DSE) properties. However, AIE and ACQ effects have also been observed in certain cases. To date, no rational explanations have been proposed for these uncommon photoluminescence (PL) behaviours. The current research prepared four BF2 complexes of N-benzoyl 2-aminobenzothiazoles with diversified photoluminescence (PL) properties as model compounds and utilized quantum chemical calculation tools to address this issue. Theoretical calculations revealed that the electron-donating groups (EDGs) at the para-position of the exocyclic phenyl ring exert significant influence on their ground-state electronic structures and vertical excitation features. Potential energy curve (PEC) analysis showed that the exocyclic phenyl ring and NMe2 could not function as effective rotors due to elevated energy barriers. Only the NPh2 of BFBB-3 could spontaneously rotate ∼60° to induce the formation of an emissive twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) state. The two-channel model involving both vibronic relaxation and S0/S1 surface crossing revealed that the drastic narrowing of the S1/S0 energy gap in the region approaching minimun energy conical intersection (MECI) led to the generation of a dark state in BFBB-1. The small energy barrier to access the dark-state region makes the resulting fast internal conversion a competitive channel for excited-state deactivation. In contrast, the presence of EDGs in BFBB-2 and 4 inhibits this pathway, thereby resulting in intense fluorescence emissions in solution. In addition, crystallographic analysis illustrated that the F atoms perpendicular to the polyheterocycle promoted a slipped face-to-face packing mode and enhanced intermolecular interactions. The efficiencies of their solid-state emissions are mainly affected by the degree of π-π overlaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zheng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Avenue, Nanchang, 330013, P. R. China.
| | - Yan-Xue Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Avenue, Nanchang, 330013, P. R. China.
| | - Wen-Chao Xiong
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Avenue, Nanchang, 330013, P. R. China.
| | - Xing-Cong Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Avenue, Nanchang, 330013, P. R. China.
| | - Shan-Shan Gong
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Avenue, Nanchang, 330013, P. R. China.
| | - Shouzhi Pu
- Department of Ecology and Environment, Yuzhang Normal University, Nanchang 330103, P. R. China.
| | - Rongwei Shi
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Tongren University, Tongren, 554300, P. R. China.
| | - Qi Sun
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Avenue, Nanchang, 330013, P. R. China.
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3
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Mardani H, Mehrbakhsh S, Sheikhzadegan S, Babazadeh-Mamaqani M, Roghani-Mamaqani H. Colloidal Polymer Nanoparticles as Smart Inks for Authentication and Indication of Latent Fingerprints and Scratch. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:1605-1615. [PMID: 38150585 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
An environmentally friendly smart ink was developed by incorporating fluorescein into functionalized poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanoparticles synthesized using an emulsifier-free emulsion copolymerization approach. The functional comonomers of 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), acrylamide, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and glycidyl methacrylate in 10 wt % with respect to methyl methacrylate were used to obtain the functionalized colloidal PMMA nanoparticles. Functional groups of the latex nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Field emission scanning electron microscopy results showed that all of the latex nanoparticles have nearly spherical morphologies with variations in size and surface smoothness due to the presence of different comonomers. Ultraviolet-visible and fluorescence spectra indicated that the fluorescein-doped latex nanoparticles containing the DMAEMA comonomer had the highest absorbance and fluorescence intensity. In the alkaline media, fluorescein turns to a dianion, showing a red shift and increased absorbance in the UV-vis spectroscopy. In addition, the electron inductive characteristics of the tertiary amine groups result in enhancing the conjugation of fluorescein molecules and increasing the fluorescence intensities. Therefore, the colloidal nanoparticles with amine functional groups were used in the formulation of a smart ink with applications in securing documents and fingerprints, encrypting banknotes and money, detecting latent fingerprints, crafting anticounterfeiting paper, and eventually providing optical detection and indication of surface scratches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Mardani
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box, Tabriz 51335-1996, Iran
| | - Sana Mehrbakhsh
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box, Tabriz 51335-1996, Iran
| | - Sina Sheikhzadegan
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box, Tabriz 51335-1996, Iran
| | - Milad Babazadeh-Mamaqani
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box, Tabriz 51335-1996, Iran
| | - Hossein Roghani-Mamaqani
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box, Tabriz 51335-1996, Iran
- Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box, Tabriz 51335-1996, Iran
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4
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do Casal MT, Veys K, Bousquet MHE, Escudero D, Jacquemin D. First-Principles Calculations of Excited-State Decay Rate Constants in Organic Fluorophores. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:10033-10053. [PMID: 37988002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
In this Perspective, we discuss recent advances made to evaluate from first-principles the excited-state decay rate constants of organic fluorophores, focusing on the so-called static strategy. In this strategy, one essentially takes advantage of Fermi's golden rule (FGR) to evaluate rate constants at key points of the potential energy surfaces, a procedure that can be refined in a variety of ways. In this way, the radiative rate constant can be straightforwardly obtained by integrating the fluorescence line shape, itself determined from vibronic calculations. Likewise, FGR allows for a consistent calculation of the internal conversion (related to the non-adiabatic couplings) in the weak-coupling regime and intersystem crossing rates, therefore giving access to estimates of the emission yields when no complex photophysical phenomenon is at play. Beyond outlining the underlying theories, we summarize here the results of benchmarks performed for various types of rates, highlighting that both the quality of the vibronic calculations and the accuracy of the relative energies are crucial to reaching semiquantitative estimates. Finally, we illustrate the successes and challenges in determining the fluorescence quantum yields using a series of organic fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana T do Casal
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Quantum Chemistry Division, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Veys
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Quantum Chemistry Division, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Daniel Escudero
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Quantum Chemistry Division, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), FR-75005 Paris, France
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5
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Lv M, Gao Y, Cai Z, Tang Z, Zhang Y, Wang T, Li W. Theoretical study based on the excited state dynamical of an oxadiazole derivative: A novel fluorescence mechanism. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 302:123011. [PMID: 37418901 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Excited intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) has been widely studied as a model system for proton transfer. In recent years, materials and biological systems containing two proton transfers have received special attention from researchers. In this work, the excited state intramolecular double-proton-transfer (ESIDPT) mechanism of a fluorescent compound based on an oxadiazole derivative, 2,5-bis-[5-(4-tert-butyl-phenyl)-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl]-benzene-1,4-diol (DOX), has been comprehensively investigated through theoretical calculations. The potential energy surface curve of the reaction shows that ESIDPT can occur in the first excited state. This work proposes a new and reasonable fluorescence mechanism based on previous experiments, which has theoretical significance for the future research of DOX compounds in biomedicine and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiheng Lv
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Yue Gao
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China
| | - Zexu Cai
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China
| | - Zhe Tang
- Life and Health Intelligent Research Institute, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China
| | - Tingting Wang
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China
| | - Wenze Li
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China.
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6
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Jiang S, He Y, Brandt JH, Zhao L, Chen J. Sensing Mechanism and Excited-State Dynamics of a Widely Used Intracellular Fluorescent pH Probe: pHrodo. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:10482-10488. [PMID: 37967406 PMCID: PMC10683063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The pHrodo with an "off-on" response to the changes of pH has been widely used as a fluorescent pH probe for bioimaging. The fluorescence off-on mechanism is fundamentally important for its application and further development. Herein, the sensing mechanism, especially the relevant excited-state dynamics, of pHrodo is investigated by steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy as well as quantum chemical calculations, showing that pHrodo is best understood using the bichromophore model. Its first excited state (S1) is a charge transfer state between two chromophores. From S1, pHrodo relaxes to its ground state (S0) via an ultrafast nonradiative process (∼0.5 ps), which causes its fluorescence to be "off". After protonation, S1 becomes a localized excited state, which accounts for the fluorescence being turned "on". Our work provides photophysical insight into the sensing mechanism of pHrodo and indicates the bichromophore model might be relevant to a wide range of fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Jiang
- Nano-Science
Center & Department of Chemistry, University
of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yanmei He
- Nano-Science
Center & Department of Chemistry, University
of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Division
of Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas Højberg Brandt
- Nano-Science
Center & Department of Chemistry, University
of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Li Zhao
- College
of Science, China University of Petroleum
(East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Junsheng Chen
- Nano-Science
Center & Department of Chemistry, University
of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Division
of Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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7
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Zhu L, Li Q, Wan Y, Guo M, Yan L, Yin H, Shi Y. Short-Range Charge Transfer in DNA Base Triplets: Real-Time Tracking of Coherent Fluctuation Electron Transfer. Molecules 2023; 28:6802. [PMID: 37836645 PMCID: PMC10574627 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The short-range charge transfer of DNA base triplets has wide application prospects in bioelectronic devices for identifying DNA bases and clinical diagnostics, and the key to its development is to understand the mechanisms of short-range electron dynamics. However, tracing how electrons are transferred during the short-range charge transfer of DNA base triplets remains a great challenge. Here, by means of ab initio molecular dynamics and Ehrenfest dynamics, the nuclear-electron interaction in the thymine-adenine-thymine (TAT) charge transfer process is successfully simulated. The results show that the electron transfer of TAT has an oscillating phenomenon with a period of 10 fs. The charge density difference proves that the charge transfer proportion is as high as 59.817% at 50 fs. The peak position of the hydrogen bond fluctuates regularly between -0.040 and -0.056. The time-dependent Marcus-Levich-Jortner theory proves that the vibrational coupling between nucleus and electron induces coherent electron transfer in TAT. This work provides a real-time demonstration of the short-range coherent electron transfer of DNA base triplets and establishes a theoretical basis for the design and development of novel biological probe molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ying Shi
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (L.Z.); (Q.L.); (Y.W.); (M.G.); (L.Y.); (H.Y.)
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8
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Lv M, Gao Y, Cai Z, Tang Z, Zhang Y, Wang T, Li W. A theoretical study on the excited state behavior of a series of novel triazole pyrimidine group fluorophores: ESIPT or ICT. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 297:122706. [PMID: 37054571 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Fluoropurine analogues are a kind of unnatural bases, which are widely used in chemistry, biological science, pharmacy and other fields. At the same time, fluoropurine analogues of aza-heterocycles play an important role in medicinals research and development. In this work, the excited state behavior of a group of newly developed fluoropurine analogues of aza-heterocycles, triazole pyrimidinyl fluorophores, was comprehensively studied. The reaction energy profiles indicate that excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) is difficult to happen, which is further proved by fluorescent spectra results. This work proposed a new and reasonable fluorescence mechanism based on the original experiment, and found that the large Stokes shift of the triazole pyrimidine fluorophore is due to the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process of the excited state. Our new discovery is of great significance for the application of this group of fluorescent compounds in other fields and the regulation of fluorescence properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiheng Lv
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Yue Gao
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China
| | - Zexu Cai
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China
| | - Zhe Tang
- Life and Health Intelligent Research Institute, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China
| | - Tingting Wang
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China
| | - Wenze Li
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China.
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9
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Zhou X, Shi C, Long S, Yao Q, Ma H, Chen K, Du J, Sun W, Fan J, Liu B, Wang L, Chen X, Sui L, Yuan K, Peng X. Highly Efficient Photosensitizers with Molecular Vibrational Torsion for Cancer Photodynamic Therapy. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:1679-1691. [PMID: 37637741 PMCID: PMC10451034 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The development of highly effective photosensitizers (PSs) for photodynamic therapy remains a great challenge at present. Most PSs rely on the heavy-atom effect or the spin-orbit charge-transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC) effect to promote ISC, which brings about additional cytotoxicity, and the latter is susceptible to the interference of solvent environment. Herein, an immanent universal property named photoinduced molecular vibrational torsion (PVT)-enhanced spin-orbit coupling (PVT-SOC) in PSs has been first revealed. PVT is verified to be a widespread intrinsic property of quinoid cyanine (QCy) dyes that occurs on an extremely short time scale (10-10 s) and can be captured by transient spectra. The PVT property can provide reinforced SOC as the occurrence of ISC predicted by the El Sayed rules (1ππ*-3nπ*), which ensures efficient photosensitization ability for QCy dyes. Hence, QTCy7-Ac exhibited the highest singlet oxygen yield (13-fold higher than that of TCy7) and lossless fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. The preeminent photochemical properties accompanied by high biosecurity enable it to effectively perform photoablation in solid tumors. The revelation of this property supplies a new route for constructing high-performance PSs for achieving enhanced cancer phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhou
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian
University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Chao Shi
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai
University, Yantai 264005, P. R. China
| | - Saran Long
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian
University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Qichao Yao
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian
University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - He Ma
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian
University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Kele Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian
University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Du
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian
University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Wen Sun
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian
University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian
University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, College of Materials Science and
Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, College of Materials Science and
Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, College of Materials Science and
Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Laizhi Sui
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Kaijun Yuan
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian
University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, College of Materials Science and
Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
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10
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Zhao J, Liu C. Computational Insights into Excited State Intramolecular Double Proton Transfer Behavior Associated with Atomic Electronegativity for Bis(2'-benzothiazolyl)hydroquinone. Molecules 2023; 28:5951. [PMID: 37630203 PMCID: PMC10458628 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28165951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inspired by the distinguished regulated photochemical and photophysical properties of 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzazole derivatives, in this work, the novel bis(2'-benzothiazolyl)hydroquinone (BBTHQ) fluorophore is explored, looking at its photo-induced behaviors associated with different substituted atomic electronegativities, i.e., BBTHQ-SO, BBTHQ-SS and BBTHQ-Se compounds. From the structural changes, infrared (IR) vibrational variations and simulated core-valence bifurcation (CVB) indexes for the dual hydrogen bonds for the three BBTHQ derivatives, we see that low atomic electronegativity could be conducive to enhancing hydrogen bonding effects in the S1 state. Particularly, the O4-H5⋯N6 of BBTHQ-SO and the O1-H2⋯N3 of BBTHQ-SSe could be strengthened to be more intensive in the S1 state, respectively. Looking into the charge recombination induced by photoexcitation, we confirm a favorable ESDPT trend deriving from the charge reorganization of the dual hydrogen bonding regions. By constructing the potential energy surfaces (PESs) along with the ESDPT paths for the BBTHQ-SO, BBTHQ-SS and BBTHQ-Se compounds, we not only unveil stepwise ESDPT behaviors, but also present an atomic electronegativity-regulated ESDPT mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zhao
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China;
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11
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Zhang J, Tu Y, Shen H, Lam JWY, Sun J, Zhang H, Tang BZ. Regulating the proximity effect of heterocycle-containing AIEgens. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3772. [PMID: 37355670 PMCID: PMC10290688 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39479-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Proximity effect, which refers to the low-lying (n,π*) and (π,π*) states with close energy levels, usually plays a negative role in the luminescent behaviors of heterocyclic luminogens. However, no systematic study attempts to reveal and manipulate proximity effect on luminescent properties. Here, we report a series of methylquinoxaline derivatives with different electron-donating groups, which show different photophysical properties and aggregation-induced emission behaviors. Experimental results and theoretical calculation reveal the gradually changed energy levels and different coupling effects of the closely related (n,π*) and (π,π*) states, which intrinsically regulate proximity effect and aggregation-induced emission behaviors of these luminogens. With the intrinsic nature of heterocycle-containing compounds, they are utilized for sensors and information encryption with dynamic responses to acid/base stimuli. This work reveals both positive and negative impacts of proximity effect in heterocyclic aggregation-induced emission systems and provides a perspective to develop functional and responsive luminogens with aggregation-induced emission properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yujie Tu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Hanchen Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Haoke Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China.
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China.
- AIE Institute, Guangzhou Development District, Huangpu, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
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12
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Jiang G, Liu J, Zhou P. Unraveling the Mechanism of ACQ-to-AIE Transformation of Fluorescein Derivatives. J Phys Chem A 2023. [PMID: 37294934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c02244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although fluorescein derivatives have excellent properties and strong practicability, they are typical aggregation-induced quenching (ACQ) molecules, which are not conducive to working in the solid state. Recently, the fluorescein derivative Fl-Me with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) property was synthesized, which brought a new dawn for the research and development of fluorescein-based materials. In this study, the AIE mechanism of Fl-Me was investigated based on time-dependent density functional theory and the ONIOM method. The results revealed that an effective dark-state deactivation pathway leads to the fluorescence quenching of Fl-Me in a solution environment. Accordingly, the AIE phenomenon originates from the closure of the dark-state quenching channel. It is worth emphasizing that we found that the carbonyl group of molecular Fl-Me has intermolecular hydrogen bonding interaction with the adjacent molecules, which caused the increase of the dark-state energy in the crystalline state. Moreover, the restriction of the rotational motion and the nonexistence of the π-π stacking interaction are beneficial to the enhancement of fluorescence upon aggregation. Finally, the ACQ-to-AIE transformation mechanisms of fluorescein derivatives have been discussed. This work provides deeper insight into the photophysical mechanism for the fluorescein derivatives Fl-Me with AIE feature and eventually is expected to help researchers to develop more fluorescein-based AIE materials with remarkable properties for various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoshang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Panwang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, P. R. China
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
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13
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Wan Y, Wang D, Li B, Liu Y, Zhu L, Wan Y, Li Q, Yin H, Shi Y. Turning enol* emission of SBOH via restricting twisted intramolecular charge transfer behavior by pressure. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 294:122551. [PMID: 36878138 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive luminogens with aggregation-induced emission and excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) properties have applications in storage devices, anti-counterfeiting, imaging, and sensors. Nevertheless, group rotation appears in twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) state, resulting in decreased fluorescence intensity. Inhibiting TICT remains a challenge based on their intrinsic molecular configuration. Herein, we present a simple facile pressure-induced method to restrict the TICT behavior. Steady-state spectroscopy measurement shows that fluorescence enhancement and color shifts can be achieved under high pressure. Combined with in situ high-pressure ultrafast spectroscopy and theoretical calculations, the TICT behavior was restricted in two aspects. The ESIPT process was damaged, hence more particles stored in the E* state, and transferred to the TICT state hardly. Also, the rotation of (E)-dimethyl5-((4-(diethylamino)-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)isophthalate (SBOH) was restricted, significantly increasing the fluorescence intensity. This approach provides a new strategy for the development of stimulus-responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Wan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Dongwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yuliang Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lixia Zhu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yu Wan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Qi Li
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hang Yin
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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14
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Zhao J, Zhang H, Fan L, Li F, Song P. Unveiling and regulating the solvent-polarity-associated excited state intramolecular double proton transfer behavior for 1-bis(benzothiazolyl)naphthalene-diol fluorophore. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 299:122831. [PMID: 37182250 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the regulatory luminescence properties of HBT derivatives, in this work, we mainly conduct a detailed theoretical exploration on the photoinduced excitation behavior of a novel di-proton-transfer type HBT derivative 1-bis(benzothiazolyl)naphthalene-diol (1-BBTND). The intramolecular double hydrogen bonding interaction and the excited state intramolecular double proton transfer (ESDPT) behavior of 1-BBTND fluorophore are investigated in combination with different polar solvent environments. From the structural changes and charge recombination induced by photoexcitation, we can conclude that strong polar solvent environment promotes the excited state dynamical reaction for 1-BBTND compound. By constructing potential energy surfaces (PESs) in S0 and S1 states, we clarify that 1-BBTND fluorophore should undergo a stepwise ESDPT reaction after photoexcitation. Combined with the size of potential energy barriers along with reaction paths in different solvents, we finally propose a new solvent-polarity-dependent stepwise ESDPT for 1-BBTND fluorophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zhao
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China.
| | - Haohua Zhang
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Liming Fan
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Fangyu Li
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
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15
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Wan Y, Li B, Liu Y, Wang D, Zhu L, Li Q, Yin H, Liu C, Jin M, Gao J, Shi Y. Turn-on stimuli-responsive switch: strategies for activating a new fluorescence channel by pressure. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:13017-13027. [PMID: 37157448 DOI: 10.1364/oe.481432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The stimulus-responsive smart switching of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) features has attracted considerable attention in 4D information encryption, optical sensors and biological imaging. Nevertheless, for some AIE-inactive triphenylamine (TPA) derivatives, activating the fluorescence channel of TPA remains a challenge based on their intrinsic molecular configuration. Here, we took a new design strategy for opening a new fluorescence channel and enhancing AIE efficiency for (E)-1-(((4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)imino)methyl)naphthalen-2-ol. The turn-on methodology employed is based on pressure induction. Combining ultrafast and Raman spectra with high-pressure in situ showed that activating the new fluorescence channel stemmed from restraining intramolecular twist rotation. Twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) and intramolecular vibration were restricted, which induced an increase in AIE efficiency. This approach provides a new strategy for the development of stimulus-responsive smart-switch materials.
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16
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Fan M, Tang Y, Li C, Chen B, Wang T, Zhou P, Cui X. Enhanced Fluorescence by Inter/Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding in Si-Substituted Coumarins. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:3187-3196. [PMID: 37015055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Introducing heteroatoms in organic fluorophores offers a unique strategy to tune their photophysical properties without dangling structural decorations. Silicon-substituted coumarins (Si-coumarins) are the analogues of coumarin with the substitution of ester oxygen atoms by silicon atoms. In Si-coumarins, significant fluorescence enhancement in protic solvents through the formation of inter/intramolecular hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) offered great potential in various aspects with many unique photophysical properties. The energies of nπ* and ππ* states in Si-coumarins are elaborately tuned by inter/intramolecular H-bonds and solvents after incorporating silicon atoms. For example, the inter/intramolecular H-bonds elevate the energy of the nπ* state in protic solvents, leading to an enlarged energy gap between the nπ* and ππ* states. Thus, fluorescence is enhanced by reducing the nonradiative transition through the nπ* state in coumarins, resulting in many unique photophysical properties. The understanding of H-bonds in Si-coumarins offers more potential strategies for the design of novel fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Fan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Panwang Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Cui
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
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17
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Zhao S, Meng F, Li X, Zhao J, Tang Z. Elaborating and regulating ESIPT associated with solvent polarity for the novel 2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4-(9H-diphenylamino-9-yl)phenol fluorophore. Mol Phys 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2023.2186718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Zhao
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fanmiao Meng
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe Tang
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, Life and Health Intelligent Research Institute, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Zhao J, Jin B, Tang Z. Unraveling photo-induced proton transfer mechanism and proposing solvent regulation manner for the two intramolecular proton-transfer-site BH-BA fluorophore. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 288:122141. [PMID: 36446171 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To expound specific excited state processes of the novel excitation wavelength dependent emission BH-BA fluorophore for better subsequent applications, this wok mainly focus on exploring photo-induced hydrogen bonding geometrical changes, excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) mechanism and related regulated behavior via solvent polarity. The differences of structural parameters, infrared (IR) vibrational spectra, core-valence bifurcation (CVB) index as well as electronic densities ρ(r) between S0 and S1 states related to dual hydrogen bonds (O1-H2···N3 and O4-H5···N6) reveal S1-state hydrogen bonding strength facilitate ESIPT behaviors for BH-BA system. Of particular note, O4-H5···N6 plays a more dominant role. Photo-induced intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) and variations of Hirshfled and NPA charges over atoms related to hydrogen bonding moieties promote the ESIPT tendency for BH-BA. Combined potential energy surfaces (PESs), transition state (TS) and intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) paths, we illustrate the excited state intramolecular single proton transfer (ESISPT) mechanism of BH-BA should occur along with O4-H5···N6 hydrogen bonding wire, which could be adjusted by surrounding solvent polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zhao
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China; Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Bing Jin
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhe Tang
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging,Life and Health Intelligent Research Institute, Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin 300384,China.
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19
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Swartzfager JR, Chen G, Francese T, Galli G, Asbury JB. Interplay of molecular dynamics and radiative decay of a TADF emitter in a glass-forming liquid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:3151-3159. [PMID: 36621848 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05138a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the role of molecular dynamics in the luminescent properties of a prototypical thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitter, NAI-DMAC, in solution using a combination of temperature dependent time-resolved photoluminescence and absorption spectroscopies. We use a glass forming liquid, 2-methylfuran, to introduce an abrupt change in the temperature dependent diffusion dynamics of the solvent and examine the influence this has on the emission intensity of NAI-DMAC molecules. Comparison of experiment with first principles molecular dynamics simulations reveals that the emission intensity of NAI-DMAC molecules follows the temperature-dependent self-diffusion dynamics of the solvent. A marked reduction of emission intensity is observed as the temperature decreases toward the glass transition because the rate at which NAI-DMAC molecules can access emissive molecular conformations is greatly reduced. Below the glass transition, the diffusion dynamics of the solvent changes more slowly with temperature, which causes the emission intensity to decrease more slowly as well. The combination of experiment and computation suggests a pathway by which TADF emitters may transiently access a distribution of conformational states and avoid the need for an average conformation that strikes a balance between lower singlet-triplet energy splittings versus higher emission probabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Swartzfager
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Gary Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Tommaso Francese
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Giulia Galli
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,Materials Science Division and Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - John B Asbury
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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20
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Ashworth EK, Langeland J, Stockett MH, Lindkvist TT, Kjær C, Bull JN, Nielsen SB. Cryogenic Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Ionic Fluorones in Gaseous and Condensed Phases: New Light on Their Intrinsic Photophysics. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:9553-9563. [PMID: 36529970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c07231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence spectroscopy of gas-phase ions generated through electrospray ionization is an emerging technique able to probe intrinsic molecular photophysics directly without perturbations from solvent interactions. While there is ample scope for the ongoing development of gas-phase fluorescence techniques, the recent expansion into low-temperature operating conditions accesses a wealth of data on intrinsic fluorophore photophysics, offering enhanced spectral resolution compared with room-temperature measurements, without matrix effects hindering the excited-state dynamics. This perspective reviews current progress on understanding the photophysics of anionic fluorone dyes, which exhibit an unusually large Stokes shift in the gas phase, and discusses how comparison of gas- and condensed-phase fluorescence spectra can fingerprint structural dynamics. The capacity for temperature-dependent measurements of both fluorescence emission and excitation spectra helps establish the foundation for the use of fluorone dyes as fluorescent tags in macromolecular structure determination. We suggest ideas for technique development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor K Ashworth
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, NorwichNR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jeppe Langeland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus8000, Denmark
| | - Mark H Stockett
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Christina Kjær
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus8000, Denmark
| | - James N Bull
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, NorwichNR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
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21
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Zhao J, Jin B, Dong H. Decoding Solvent Polarity Related Excited State Behaviors for the Novel Amino NH‐type 3TfAPI Fluorophore. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zhao
- College of Physical Science and Technology Shenyang Normal University Shenyang 110034 China
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong University Qingdao 266237 China
| | - Bing Jin
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong University Qingdao 266237 China
| | - Hao Dong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Physics and Energy Technology Department of Mathematics and Physics North China Electric Power University Baoding 071003 China
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22
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Mchedlov-Petrossyan NO, Shekhovtsov SV, Moskaeva EG, Omelchenko IV, Roshal AD, Doroshenko AO. New fluorescein dyes with unusual properties: Tetra- and pentanitrofluoresceins. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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23
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TDDFT investigation of solvent polarity related excited state intramolecular proton transfer in 2-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxybenzo[g]quinolone. Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Zhao J, Jin B, Tang Z. Theoretical revealing regulated ESIPT behaviors by atomic electronegativity for quercetin fluorophore. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.140194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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Modified cellulose paper with photoluminescent acrylic copolymer nanoparticles containing fluorescein as pH-sensitive indicator. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 296:119965. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Nag P, Isukapalli SVK, Nath A, Vennapusa SR. Revisiting the Dynamics of Triplet Formation in Anthraquinones. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:3680-3687. [PMID: 35655394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c01980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Triplet formation pathways in 9,10-anthraquinone (AQ) and its hydroxy derivative, 1-hydroxyanthraquinone (HAQ), are studied theoretically. Dynamics simulations on the model singlet-triplet potential energy surfaces within the linear vibronic coupling framework are performed to elucidate possible internal conversion (IC) and intersystem crossing (ISC) pathways in these molecules. An ultrafast IC decay from the "bright" S4 to S1 followed by efficient ISC via S1-T4 and S1-T5 pathways fosters a high triplet quantum yield (ΦT = 0.90) in AQ. In HAQ, a new nonradiative channel of "barrierless" excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) opens up and competes with the IC decay to S1 upon photoexcitation to the "bright" S2. Extremely fast ESIPT on S2 reduces the efficiency of triplet formation via possible ISC pathways involving S1 and S2, resulting in a low ΦT (=0.17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Probal Nag
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala PO, Vithuran, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Sai Vamsi Krishna Isukapalli
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala PO, Vithuran, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Akashdeep Nath
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala PO, Vithuran, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Sivaranjana Reddy Vennapusa
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala PO, Vithuran, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
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27
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Zhang Y, Ma M, Shang C, Cao Y, Sun C. Theoretical Study on the Atom-Substituted Quinazoline Derivatives with Faint Emission as Potential Sunscreens. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:14848-14855. [PMID: 35557698 PMCID: PMC9088953 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two novel compounds (HQS and HQSe) with excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) properties were designed based on the compound 2-(2-hydroxy-3-ethoxyphenyl)-3H-quinazolin-4-one (HQ). The parameters related to the ESIPT properties and electronic spectra of HQ and its derivatives were calculated using density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory methods. The obtained geometric configurations, infrared vibrational spectra, and reduced density gradient scatter plots have shown that the intramolecular hydrogen bond O1···H1-N1 has been weakened upon photoexcitation. Moreover, from the scanned potential energy curves, it can be found that the ESIPT processes of the three compounds have no energy barriers. It is noteworthy that HQS and HQSe can strongly absorb light in the UVA region (∼340 nm) and exhibit weak fluorescence emission in the visible light region, which comes from the keto configuration. The special optical properties of HQS and HQSe can promote their application as potential sunscreen agents.
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28
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Nag P, Vennapusa SR. Unraveling the sub-100 fs ESIPT in 5-hydroxychromone using surface hopping simulations. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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The sensing mechanism of fluorescent probe for PhSH and the process of ESIPT. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:1055-1065. [PMID: 35267187 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00193-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The detection mechanism of fluorescent probe FQ-DNP (DNP: 2,4-dinitropheno) for PhSH and the detailed ESIPT process of its product 2-(6-(diethylamino) quinolin-2-yl)-3-Hydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one (FQ-OH) have been revealed by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). For FQ-OH, the decreased bond length of H6-N7 and RDG analysis illustrate that the strength of hydrogen bond H6-N7 has been enlarged after photoexcitation, creating a good condition for ESIPT. To illustrate the ESIPT process in detail, the potential energy curves are performed and the transition state reaction energy is calculated. In the S0 state, the FQ-OH could happen proton transfer (PT) to form keto, but the keto form is more unstable than enol form. After photoexcitation, in the S1 state, FQ-OH could happen PT to produce stable keto form. Excited dynamic simulation shows that PT happens at 71.5 fs. The calculated absorption and emission spectra are in agreement with the experimental data, and the calculated Stokes shift is 160 nm. Frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) and hole-electron analysis show that twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) is responsible for the fluorescent quenching of FQ-DNP.
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