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Huang Q, Qiao Lv, Jiang L, Chen Q, Zhang K. Recent progress of biocompatible carbon dots in hypoxia-related fields. J Biomater Appl 2023; 37:1159-1168. [PMID: 36083209 DOI: 10.1177/08853282221125313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Almost all eukaryotes need oxygen to maintain regular physiological activities. When the organism is under hypoxic situation for a persistent or periodic, it will induce irreversible physiological disorders and even pathological results. Hypoxia is closely related to the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, cancer, chronic heart disease and kidney disease, myocardial ischemia, as well as reproductive diseases like preeclampsia and endometriosis. Therefore, monitoring and treatment of hypoxia have important implications for the pathophysiology of human-related diseases. Carbon dots (CDs) are emerging nanomaterials developed after 2004 with excellent performance, and have broad application potential in variousdomains likeoptical, biomedicine, energy. Advanced hypoxia therapeutics should be integrated with monitoring and treatment, and CDs with excellent performance are good potential options when sensing is combined with various therapeutic methods. Some researchers have also begun to carry out research in related fields and achieved some results. This article aims to clarify the various applications of CDs in hypoxia-related fields in recent years, including hypoxia sensing and hypoxia tumor theranostics. Finally, the possible challenges and prospects for the application of CDs in hypoxia-related fields are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Huang
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, 12525Army Medical UniversityThird Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiao Lv
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, 12525Army Medical UniversityThird Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, 12525Army Medical UniversityThird Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, 12525Army Medical UniversityThird Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kebin Zhang
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, 12525Army Medical UniversityThird Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Terracina A, Armano A, Meloni M, Panniello A, Minervini G, Madonia A, Cannas M, Striccoli M, Malfatti L, Messina F. Photobleaching and Recovery Kinetics of a Palette of Carbon Nanodots Probed by In Situ Optical Spectroscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:36038-36051. [PMID: 35895314 PMCID: PMC9376924 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are a family of fluorescent nanoparticles displaying a wide range of interesting properties, which make them attractive for potential applications in different fields like bioimaging, photocatalysis, and many others. However, despite many years of dedicated studies, wide variations exist in the literature concerning the reported photostability of CDs, and even the photoluminescence mechanism is still unclear. Furthermore, an increasing number of recent studies have highlighted the photobleaching (PB) of CDs under intense UV or visible light beams. PB phenomena need to be fully addressed to optimize practical uses of CDs and can also provide information on the fundamental mechanism underlying their fluorescence. Moreover, the lack of systematic studies comparing several types of CDs displaying different fluorescence properties represents another gap in the literature. In this study, we explored the optical properties of a full palette of CDs displaying a range from blue to red emissions, synthesized using different routes and varying precursors. We investigated the photostability of different CDs by observing in situ their time-resolved fluorescence degradation or optical absorption changes under equivalent experimental conditions and laser irradiation. The results about different PB kinetics clearly indicate that even CDs showing comparable emission properties may exhibit radically different resistances to PB, suggesting systematic connections between the resistance to PB, the characteristic spectral range of emission, and CD quantum yields. To exploit the PB dynamics as a powerful tool to investigate CD photophysics, we also carried out dedicated experiments in a partial illumination geometry, allowing us to analyze the recovery of the fluorescence due to diffusion. Based on the experimental results, we conclude that the nature of the CD fluorescence cannot be solely ascribable to small optically active molecules free diffusing in solution, contributing to shed light on one of the most debated issues in the photophysics of CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Terracina
- Dipartimento
di Fisica e Chimica, Università degli
Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Angelo Armano
- Dipartimento
di Fisica e Chimica, Università degli
Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Manuela Meloni
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Laboratory of Materials Science and Nanotechnology,
CR-INSTM, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Annamaria Panniello
- CNR-IPCF-Bari
Division, c/o Chemistry Department, and Chemistry Department, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Gianluca Minervini
- CNR-IPCF-Bari
Division, c/o Chemistry Department, and Chemistry Department, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Department
of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonino Madonia
- CNR-IPCF-Bari
Division, c/o Chemistry Department, and Chemistry Department, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Cannas
- Dipartimento
di Fisica e Chimica, Università degli
Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marinella Striccoli
- CNR-IPCF-Bari
Division, c/o Chemistry Department, and Chemistry Department, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Luca Malfatti
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Laboratory of Materials Science and Nanotechnology,
CR-INSTM, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Messina
- Dipartimento
di Fisica e Chimica, Università degli
Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy
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Wang B, Wei Z, Sui L, Yu J, Zhang B, Wang X, Feng S, Song H, Yong X, Tian Y, Yang B, Lu S. Electron-phonon coupling-assisted universal red luminescence of o-phenylenediamine-based carbon dots. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:172. [PMID: 35668065 PMCID: PMC9170735 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00865-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to the complex core-shell structure and variety of surface functional groups, the photoluminescence (PL) mechanism of carbon dots (CDs) remain unclear. o-Phenylenediamine (oPD), as one of the most common precursors for preparing red emissive CDs, has been extensively studied. Interestingly, most of the red emission CDs based on oPD have similar PL emission characteristics. Herein, we prepared six different oPD-based CDs and found that they had almost the same PL emission and absorption spectra after purification. Structural and spectral characterization indicated that they had similar carbon core structures but different surface polymer shells. Furthermore, single-molecule PL spectroscopy confirmed that the multi-modal emission of those CDs originated from the transitions of different vibrational energy levels of the same PL center in the carbon core. In addition, the phenomenon of "spectral splitting" of single-particle CDs was observed at low temperature, which confirmed these oPD-based CDs were unique materials with properties of both organic molecules and quantum dots. Finally, theoretical calculations revealed their potential polymerization mode and carbon core structure. Moreover, we proposed the PL mechanism of red-emitting CDs based on oPD precursors; that is, the carbon core regulates the PL emission, and the polymer shell regulates the PL intensity. Our work resolves the controversy on the PL mechanism of oPD-based red CDs. These findings provide a general guide for the mechanism exploration and structural analysis of other types of CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Wang
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Laizhi Sui
- State Key Lab of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Jingkun Yu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baowei Zhang
- Nanochemistry Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- School of Physics, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengnan Feng
- School of Physics, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoqiang Song
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xue Yong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Yuxi Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China.
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Siyu Lu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China.
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