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Pan JA, Skripka A, Lee C, Qi X, Pham AL, Woods JJ, Abergel RJ, Schuck PJ, Cohen BE, Chan EM. Ligand-Assisted Direct Lithography of Upconverting and Avalanching Nanoparticles for Nonlinear Photonics. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7487-7497. [PMID: 38466925 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) exhibit unique nonlinear optical properties that can be harnessed in microscopy, sensing, and photonics. However, forming high-resolution nano- and micropatterns of UCNPs with large packing fractions is still challenging. Additionally, there is limited understanding of how nanoparticle patterning chemistries are affected by the particle size. Here, we explore direct patterning chemistries for 6-18 nm Tm3+-, Yb3+/Tm3+-, and Yb3+/Er3+-based UCNPs using ligands that form either new ionic linkages or covalent bonds between UCNPs under ultraviolet (UV), electron-beam (e-beam), and near-infrared (NIR) exposure. We study the effect of UCNP size on these patterning approaches and find that 6 nm UCNPs can be patterned with compact ionic-based ligands. In contrast, patterning larger UCNPs requires long-chain, cross-linkable ligands that provide sufficient interparticle spacing to prevent irreversible aggregation upon film casting. Compared to approaches that use a cross-linkable liquid monomer, our patterning method limits the cross-linking reaction to the ligands bound on UCNPs deposited as a thin film. This highly localized photo-/electron-initiated chemistry enables the fabrication of densely packed UCNP patterns with high resolutions (∼1 μm with UV and NIR exposure; <100 nm with e-beam). Our upconversion NIR lithography approach demonstrates the potential to use inexpensive continuous-wave lasers for high-resolution 2D and 3D lithography of colloidal materials. The deposited UCNP patterns retain their upconverting, avalanching, and photoswitching behaviors, which can be exploited in patterned optical devices for next-generation UCNP applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ahn Pan
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Artiom Skripka
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Changhwan Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xiao Qi
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Anne L Pham
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Joshua J Woods
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Rebecca J Abergel
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - P James Schuck
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Bruce E Cohen
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Division of Molecular Biophysics & Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Emory M Chan
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Yan L, Huang J, An Z, Zhang Q, Zhou B. Spatiotemporal control of photochromic upconversion through interfacial energy transfer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1923. [PMID: 38429262 PMCID: PMC10907698 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Dynamic control of multi-photon upconversion with rich and tunable emission colors is stimulating extensive interest in both fundamental research and frontier applications of lanthanide based materials. However, manipulating photochromic upconversion towards color-switchable emissions of a single lanthanide emitter is still challenging. Here, we report a conceptual model to realize the spatiotemporal control of upconversion dynamics and photochromic evolution of Er3+ through interfacial energy transfer (IET) in a core-shell nanostructure. The design of Yb sublattice sensitization interlayer, instead of regular Yb3+ doping, is able to raise the absorption capability of excitation energy and enhance the upconversion. We find that a nanoscale spatial manipulation of interfacial interactions between Er and Yb sublattices can further contribute to upconversion. Moreover, the red/green color-switchable upconversion of Er3+ is achieved through using the temporal modulation ways of non-steady-state excitation and time-gating technique. Our results allow for versatile designs and dynamic management of emission colors from luminescent materials and provide more chances for their frontier photonic applications such as optical anti-counterfeiting and speed monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, and Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Jinshu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, and Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Zhengce An
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, and Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Qinyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, and Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, and Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.
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Meng L, Vu TV, Criscenti LJ, Ho TA, Qin Y, Fan H. Theoretical and Experimental Advances in High-Pressure Behaviors of Nanoparticles. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10206-10257. [PMID: 37523660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Using compressive mechanical forces, such as pressure, to induce crystallographic phase transitions and mesostructural changes while modulating material properties in nanoparticles (NPs) is a unique way to discover new phase behaviors, create novel nanostructures, and study emerging properties that are difficult to achieve under conventional conditions. In recent decades, NPs of a plethora of chemical compositions, sizes, shapes, surface ligands, and self-assembled mesostructures have been studied under pressure by in-situ scattering and/or spectroscopy techniques. As a result, the fundamental knowledge of pressure-structure-property relationships has been significantly improved, leading to a better understanding of the design guidelines for nanomaterial synthesis. In the present review, we discuss experimental progress in NP high-pressure research conducted primarily over roughly the past four years on semiconductor NPs, metal and metal oxide NPs, and perovskite NPs. We focus on the pressure-induced behaviors of NPs at both the atomic- and mesoscales, inorganic NP property changes upon compression, and the structural and property transitions of perovskite NPs under pressure. We further discuss in depth progress on molecular modeling, including simulations of ligand behavior, phase-change chalcogenides, layered transition metal dichalcogenides, boron nitride, and inorganic and hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites NPs. These models now provide both mechanistic explanations of experimental observations and predictive guidelines for future experimental design. We conclude with a summary and our insights on future directions for exploration of nanomaterial phase transition, coupling, growth, and nanoelectronic and photonic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyao Meng
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, United States
| | - Tuan V Vu
- Geochemistry Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Louise J Criscenti
- Geochemistry Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Tuan A Ho
- Geochemistry Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Yang Qin
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Hongyou Fan
- Geochemistry Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
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Khosh Abady K, Dankhar D, Krishnamoorthi A, Rentzepis PM. Enhancing the upconversion efficiency of NaYF 4:Yb,Er microparticles for infrared vision applications. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8408. [PMID: 37225762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35164-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, (NaYF4:Yb,Er) microparticles dispersed in water and ethanol, were used to generate 540 nm visible light from 980 nm infrared light by means of a nonlinear stepwise two-photon process. IR-reflecting mirrors placed on four sides of the cuvette that contained the microparticles increased the intensity of the upconverted 540 nm light by a factor of three. We also designed and constructed microparticle-coated lenses that can be used as eyeglasses, making it possible to see rather intense infrared light images that are converted to visible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Khosh Abady
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Dinesh Dankhar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Arjun Krishnamoorthi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Peter M Rentzepis
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Nanocomposite Hydrogels as Functional Extracellular Matrices. Gels 2023; 9:gels9020153. [PMID: 36826323 PMCID: PMC9957407 DOI: 10.3390/gels9020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Over recent years, nano-engineered materials have become an important component of artificial extracellular matrices. On one hand, these materials enable static enhancement of the bulk properties of cell scaffolds, for instance, they can alter mechanical properties or electrical conductivity, in order to better mimic the in vivo cell environment. Yet, many nanomaterials also exhibit dynamic, remotely tunable optical, electrical, magnetic, or acoustic properties, and therefore, can be used to non-invasively deliver localized, dynamic stimuli to cells cultured in artificial ECMs in three dimensions. Vice versa, the same, functional nanomaterials, can also report changing environmental conditions-whether or not, as a result of a dynamically applied stimulus-and as such provide means for wireless, long-term monitoring of the cell status inside the culture. In this review article, we present an overview of the technological advances regarding the incorporation of functional nanomaterials in artificial extracellular matrices, highlighting both passive and dynamically tunable nano-engineered components.
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