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Chen X, Wang J, Zhu Y, Xie Z, Ye S, Kisslinger K, Hwang S, Zakharov DN, Zhou G. Atomistic Origins of Reversible Noncatalytic Gas-Solid Interfacial Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3961-3971. [PMID: 36763977 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Noncatalytic gas-solid reactions are a large group of heterogeneous reactions that are usually assumed to occur irreversibly because of the strong driving force to favor the forward direction toward the product formation. Using the example of Ni oxidation into NiO with CO2, herein, we demonstrate the existence of the reverse element that results in the NiO reduction from the countering effect of the gaseous product of CO. Using in situ electron microscopy observations and atomistic modeling, we show that the oxidation process occurs via preferential CO2 adsorption along step edges that results in step-flow growth of NiO layers, and the presence of Ni atoms on the flat NiO surface promotes the nucleation of NiO layers. Simultaneously, the NiO reduction happens via preferential step-edge adsorption of CO that leads to the receding motion of atomic steps, and the presence of Ni vacancies in the NiO surface facilitates the CO-adsorption-induced surface pitting. Temperature and CO2 pressure effect maps are constructed to illustrate the spatiotemporal dynamics of the competing NiO redox reactions. These results demonstrate the rich gas-solid surface reaction dynamics induced by the coexisting forward and reverse reaction elements and have practical applicability in manipulating gas-solid reactions via controlling the gas environment or atomic structure of the solid surface to steer the reaction toward the desired direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science and Engineering Program, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Jianyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science and Engineering Program, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Yaguang Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science and Engineering Program, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Zhenhua Xie
- Chemical Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Shuonan Ye
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science and Engineering Program, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Kim Kisslinger
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Sooyeon Hwang
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Dmitri N Zakharov
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Guangwen Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science and Engineering Program, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
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