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Hossain S, Kneiszl R, Larsson P. Revealing the interaction between peptide drugs and permeation enhancers in the presence of intestinal bile salts. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:19180-19195. [PMID: 37982184 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05571j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Permeability enhancer-based formulations offer a promising approach to enhance the oral bioavailability of peptides. We used all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the interaction between two permeability enhancers (sodium caprate, and SNAC), and four different peptides (octreotide, hexarelin, degarelix, and insulin), in the presence of taurocholate, an intestinal bile salt. The permeability enhancers exhibited distinct effects on peptide release based on their properties, promoting hydrophobic peptide release while inhibiting water-soluble peptide release. Lowering peptide concentrations in the simulations reduced peptide-peptide interactions but increased their interactions with the enhancers and taurocholates. Introducing peptides randomly with enhancer and taurocholate molecules yielded dynamic molecular aggregation, and reduced peptide-peptide interactions and hydrogen bond formation compared to peptide-only systems. The simulations provided insights into molecular-level interactions, highlighting the specific contacts between peptide residues responsible for aggregation, and the interactions between peptide residues and permeability enhancers/taurocholates that are crucial within the mixed colloids. Therefore, our results can provide insights into how modifications of these critical contacts can be made to alter drug release profiles from peptide-only or mixed peptide-PE-taurocholate aggregates. To further probe the molecular nature of permeability enhancers and peptide interactions, we also analyzed insulin secondary structures using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The presence of SNAC led to an increase in β-sheet formation in insulin. In contrast, both in the absence and presence of caprate, α-helices, and random structures dominated. These molecular-level insights can guide the design of improved permeability enhancer-based dosage forms, allowing for precise control of peptide release profiles near the intended absorption site.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosita Kneiszl
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 23, Sweden
- Department of Pharmacy and The Swedish Drug Delivery Center (SweDeliver), Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 23, Sweden.
| | - Per Larsson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 23, Sweden
- Department of Pharmacy and The Swedish Drug Delivery Center (SweDeliver), Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 23, Sweden.
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2
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Zhou X, Sinkjær AW, Zhang M, Pinholt HD, Nielsen HM, Hatzakis NS, van de Weert M, Foderà V. Heterogeneous and Surface-Catalyzed Amyloid Aggregation Monitored by Spatially Resolved Fluorescence and Single Molecule Microscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:912-919. [PMID: 36669144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid aggregation is associated with many diseases and may also occur in therapeutic protein formulations. Addition of co-solutes is a key strategy to modulate the stability of proteins in pharmaceutical formulations and select inhibitors for drug design in the context of diseases. However, the heterogeneous nature of this multicomponent system in terms of structures and mechanisms poses a number of challenges for the analysis of the chemical reaction. Using insulin as protein system and polysorbate 80 as co-solute, we combine a spatially resolved fluorescence approach with single molecule microscopy and machine learning methods to kinetically disentangle the different contributions from multiple species within a single aggregation experiment. We link the presence of interfaces to the degree of heterogeneity of the aggregation kinetics and retrieve the rate constants and underlying mechanisms for single aggregation events. Importantly, we report that the mechanism of inhibition of the self-assembly process depends on the details of the growth pathways of otherwise macroscopically identical species. This information can only be accessed by the analysis of single aggregate events, suggesting our method as a general tool for a comprehensive physicochemical characterization of self-assembly reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Drug Delivery and Biophysics of Biopharmaceuticals and Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery (BioDelivery), Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Wilgaard Sinkjær
- Drug Delivery and Biophysics of Biopharmaceuticals and Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery (BioDelivery), Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Dahl Pinholt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hanne Mørck Nielsen
- Drug Delivery and Biophysics of Biopharmaceuticals and Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery (BioDelivery), Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikos S Hatzakis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marco van de Weert
- Drug Delivery and Biophysics of Biopharmaceuticals and Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery (BioDelivery), Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vito Foderà
- Drug Delivery and Biophysics of Biopharmaceuticals and Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery (BioDelivery), Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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3
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Dec R, Okoń R, Puławski W, Wacławska M, Dzwolak W. Forced amyloidogenic cooperativity of structurally incompatible peptide segments: Fibrillization behavior of highly aggregation-prone A-chain fragment of insulin coupled to all-L, and alternating L/D octaglutamates. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:362-369. [PMID: 36368353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of proteins into amyloid fibrils is driven by interactions between relatively small amyloidogenic segments. The interplay between aggregation-prone and aggregation-resistant fragments within a single polypeptide chain remains obscure. Here, we examine fibrillization behavior of two chimeric peptides, ACC1-13E8 and ACC1-13E8(L/D), in which the highly amyloidogenic fragment of insulin (ACC1-13) is extended by an octaglutamate segment composed of all-L (E8), or alternating L/D residues (E8(L/D)). As separate entities, ACC1-13 readily forms fibrils with the infrared features of parallel β-sheet while E8 forms antiparallel β-sheets with the distinct infrared characteristics. This contrasts with the profoundly aggregation-resistant E8(L/D), although L/D patterns have been hypothesized as compatible with aggregated α-sheets. ACC1-13E8 and ACC1-13E8(L/D) are found to be equally prone to fibrillization at low pH, or in the presence of Ca2+ ions. Fibrillar states of both ACC1-13E8 and ACC1-13E8(L/D) reveal the infrared features of highly ordered parallel β-sheet without evidence of β2-aggregates (ACC1-13E8) or α-sheets (ACC1-13E8(L/D)). Hence, the preferred structural pattern of ACC1-13 overrides the tendency of E8 to form antiparallel β-sheets and enforces the fibrillar order in E8(L/D). We demonstrate how the powerful amyloid stretch determines the overall amyloid structure forcing non-amyloidogenic fragments to participate in its native amyloid pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Dec
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Pasteur Street 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Róża Okoń
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Pasteur Street 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Puławski
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego Street 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Matylda Wacławska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Pasteur Street 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Dzwolak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Pasteur Street 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokołowska Street 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland.
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4
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Thorlaksen C, Stanciu AM, Busch Neergaard M, Jiskoot W, Groenning M, Foderà V. Subtle pH variation around pH 4.0 affects aggregation kinetics and aggregate characteristics of recombinant human insulin. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 179:166-172. [PMID: 36087880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Insulin is a biotherapeutic protein, which, depending on environmental conditions such as pH, has been shown to form a large variety of aggregates with different structures and morphologies. This work focuses on the formation and characteristics of insulin particulates, dense spherical aggregates having diameters spanning from nanometre to low-micron size. An in-depth investigation of the system is obtained by applying a broad range of techniques for particle sizing and characterisation. An interesting observation was achieved regarding the formation kinetics and aggregate characteristics of the particulates; a subtle change in the pH from pH 4.1 to pH 4.3 markedly affected the kinetics of the particulate formation and led to different particulate sizes, either nanosized or micronsized particles. Also, a clear difference between the secondary structure of the protein particulates formed at the two pH values was observed, where the nanosized particulates had an increased content of aggregated β-structure compared to the micronsized particles. The remaining characteristics of the particles were identical for the two particulate populations. These observations highlight the importance of carefully studying the formulation design space and of knowing the impact of parameters such as pH on the aggregation to secure a drug product in control. Furthermore, the identification of particles only varying in few parameters, such as size, are considered highly valuable for studying the effect of particle features on the immunogenicity potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Thorlaksen
- Biophysical analysis, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, 2760 Måløv, Denmark; Department of pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Adriana-Maria Stanciu
- Biophysical analysis, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, 2760 Måløv, Denmark; Department of pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Wim Jiskoot
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Minna Groenning
- Biophysical analysis, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, 2760 Måløv, Denmark.
| | - Vito Foderà
- Department of pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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5
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Thorlaksen C, Stanciu AM, Busch Neergaard M, Hatzakis N, Foderà V, Groenning M. Morphological integrity of insulin amyloid-like aggregates depends on preparation methods and post-production treatments. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 179:147-155. [PMID: 36058445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein aggregates are often varying extensively in their morphological characteristics, which may lead to various biological outcomes, such as increased immunogenicity risk. However, isolation of aggregates with a specific morphology within an ensemble is often challenging. To gain vital knowledge on the effects of aggregate characteristics, samples containing a single morphology must be produced by direct control of the aggregation process. Moreover, the formed aggregates need to be in an aqueous solution suitable for biological assays, while keeping their morphology intact. Here we evaluated the dependence of morphology and integrity of amyloid-like fibrils and spherulites on preparation conditions and post-treatment methods. Samples containing either amyloid-like fibrils or spherulites produced from human insulin in acetic acid solutions are dependent on the presence of salt (NaCl). Moreover, mechanical shaking (600 rpm) inhibits spherulite formation, while only affecting the length of the formed fibrils compared to quiescent conditions. Besides shaking, the initial protein concentration in the formulation was found to control fibril length. Surprisingly, exchanging the solution used for aggregate formation to a physiologically relevant buffer, had a striking effect on the morphological integrity of the fibril and spherulite samples. Especially the secondary structure of one of our spherulite samples presented dramatic changes of the aggregated β-sheet content after exchanging the solution, emphasizing the importance of the aggregate stability. These results and considerations have profound implications on the data interpretation and should be implemented in the workflow for both fundamental characterization of aggregates as well as assays for evaluation of their corresponding biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Thorlaksen
- Biophysical analysis, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, 2760 Måløv, Denmark; Department of Pharmacy and Nanoscience Center University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Adriana-Maria Stanciu
- Biophysical analysis, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, 2760 Måløv, Denmark; Department of Pharmacy and Nanoscience Center University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Nikos Hatzakis
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark; NovoNordisk Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 København N, Denmark
| | - Vito Foderà
- Department of Pharmacy and Nanoscience Center University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Minna Groenning
- Biophysical analysis, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, 2760 Måløv, Denmark.
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