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Kranabetter L, Kristensen HH, Schouder CA, Stapelfeldt H. Structure determination of alkali trimers on helium nanodroplets through laser-induced Coulomb explosion. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:131101. [PMID: 38557840 DOI: 10.1063/5.0200389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Alkali trimers, Ak3, located on the surface of He nanodroplets are triply ionized following multiphoton absorption from an intense femtosecond laser pulse, leading to fragmentation into three correlated Ak+ ions. Combining the information from threefold covariance analysis of the emission direction of the fragment ions and their kinetic energy distributions P(Ekin), we find that Na3, K3, and Rb3 have an equilateral triangular structure, corresponding to that of the lowest lying quartet state A2'4, and determine the equilibrium bond distance Req(Na3) = 4.65 ± 0.15 Å, Req(K3) = 5.03 ± 0.18 Å, and Req(Rb3) = 5.45 ± 0.22 Å. For K3 and Rb3, these values agree well with existing theoretical calculations, while for Na3, the value is 0.2-0.3 Å larger than the existing theoretical results. The discrepancy is ascribed to a minor internuclear motion of Na3 during the ionization process. In addition, we determine the distribution of internuclear distances P(R) under the assumption of fixed bond angles. The results are compared to the square of the internuclear wave function |Ψ(R)|2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Kranabetter
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henrik H Kristensen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Constant A Schouder
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- LIDYL, CNRS, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Henrik Stapelfeldt
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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2
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Lam HVS, Venkatachalam AS, Bhattacharyya S, Chen K, Borne K, Wang E, Boll R, Jahnke T, Kumarappan V, Rudenko A, Rolles D. Differentiating Three-Dimensional Molecular Structures Using Laser-Induced Coulomb Explosion Imaging. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:123201. [PMID: 38579208 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.123201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Coulomb explosion imaging (CEI) with x-ray free electron lasers has recently been shown to be a powerful method for obtaining detailed structural information of gas-phase planar ring molecules [R. Boll et al., X-ray multiphoton-induced Coulomb explosion images complex single molecules, Nat. Phys. 18, 423 (2022).NPAHAX1745-247310.1038/s41567-022-01507-0]. In this Letter, we investigate the potential of CEI driven by a tabletop laser and extend this approach to differentiating three-dimensional structures. We study the static CEI patterns of planar and nonplanar organic molecules that resemble the structures of typical products formed in ring-opening reactions. Our results reveal that each molecule exhibits a well-localized and distinctive pattern in three-dimensional fragment-ion momentum space. We find that these patterns yield direct information about the molecular structures and can be qualitatively reproduced using a classical Coulomb explosion simulation. Our findings suggest that laser-induced CEI can serve as a robust method for differentiating molecular structures of organic ring and chain molecules. As such, it holds great promise as a method for following ultrafast structural changes, e.g., during ring-opening reactions, by tracking the motion of individual atoms in pump-probe experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huynh Van Sa Lam
- James R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | | | | | - Keyu Chen
- James R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Kurtis Borne
- James R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Enliang Wang
- James R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | | | | | - Vinod Kumarappan
- James R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Artem Rudenko
- James R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Daniel Rolles
- James R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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3
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Crane SW, Lee JWL, Ashfold MNR, Rolles D. Molecular photodissociation dynamics revealed by Coulomb explosion imaging. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37335247 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01740k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Coulomb explosion imaging (CEI) methods are finding ever-growing use as a means of exploring and distinguishing the static stereo-configurations of small quantum systems (molecules, clusters, etc). CEI experiments initiated by ultrafast (femtosecond-duration) laser pulses also allow opportunities to track the time-evolution of molecular structures, and thereby advance understanding of molecular fragmentation processes. This Perspective illustrates two emerging families of dynamical studies. 'One-colour' studies (employing strong field ionisation driven by intense near infrared or single X-ray or extreme ultraviolet laser pulses) afford routes to preparing multiply charged molecular cations and exploring how their fragmentation progresses from valence-dominated to Coulomb-dominated dynamics with increasing charge and how this evolution varies with molecular size and composition. 'Two-colour' studies use one ultrashort laser pulse to create electronically excited neutral molecules (or monocations), whose structural evolution is then probed as a function of pump-probe delay using an ultrafast ionisation pulse along with time and position-sensitive detection methods. This latter type of experiment has the potential to return new insights into not just molecular fragmentation processes but also charge transfer processes between moieties separating with much better defined stereochemical control than in contemporary ion-atom and ion-molecule charge transfer studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart W Crane
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Jason W L Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | | | - Daniel Rolles
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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4
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Cheng C, Frasinski LJ, Moğol G, Allum F, Howard AJ, Rolles D, Bucksbaum PH, Brouard M, Forbes R, Weinacht T. Multiparticle Cumulant Mapping for Coulomb Explosion Imaging. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:093001. [PMID: 36930921 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.093001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We extend covariance velocity map ion imaging to four particles, establishing cumulant mapping and allowing for measurements that provide insights usually associated with coincidence detection, but at much higher count rates. Without correction, a fourfold covariance analysis is contaminated by the pairwise correlations of uncorrelated events, but we have addressed this with the calculation of a full cumulant, which subtracts pairwise correlations. We demonstrate the approach on the four-body breakup of formaldehyde following strong field multiple ionization in few-cycle laser pulses. We compare Coulomb explosion imaging for two different pulse durations (30 and 6 fs), highlighting the dynamics that can take place on ultrafast timescales. These results have important implications for Coulomb explosion imaging as a tool for studying ultrafast structural changes in molecules, a capability that is especially desirable for high-count-rate x-ray free-electron laser experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Cheng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Leszek J Frasinski
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Gönenç Moğol
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Felix Allum
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Andrew J Howard
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Daniel Rolles
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Philip H Bucksbaum
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Mark Brouard
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Ruaridh Forbes
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Thomas Weinacht
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
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Hydrogen migration in inner-shell ionized halogenated cyclic hydrocarbons. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2107. [PMID: 36747068 PMCID: PMC9902455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28694-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We have studied the fragmentation of the brominated cyclic hydrocarbons bromocyclo-propane, bromocyclo-butane, and bromocyclo-pentane upon Br(3d) and C(1s) inner-shell ionization using coincidence ion momentum imaging. We observe a substantial yield of CH3+ fragments, whose formation requires intramolecular hydrogen (or proton) migration, that increases with molecular size, which contrasts with prior observations of hydrogen migration in linear hydrocarbon molecules. Furthermore, by inspecting the fragment ion momentum correlations of three-body fragmentation channels, we conclude that CHx+ fragments (with x = 0, …, 3) with an increasing number of hydrogens are more likely to be produced via sequential fragmentation pathways. Overall trends in the molecular-size-dependence of the experimentally observed kinetic energy releases and fragment kinetic energies are explained with the help of classical Coulomb explosion simulations.
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6
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McManus JW, Walmsley T, Nagaya K, Harries JR, Kumagai Y, Iwayama H, Ashfold MNR, Britton M, Bucksbaum PH, Downes-Ward B, Driver T, Heathcote D, Hockett P, Howard AJ, Kukk E, Lee JWL, Liu Y, Milesevic D, Minns RS, Niozu A, Niskanen J, Orr-Ewing AJ, Owada S, Rolles D, Robertson PA, Rudenko A, Ueda K, Unwin J, Vallance C, Burt M, Brouard M, Forbes R, Allum F. Disentangling sequential and concerted fragmentations of molecular polycations with covariant native frame analysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:22699-22709. [PMID: 36106844 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03029b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present results from an experimental ion imaging study into the fragmentation dynamics of 1-iodopropane and 2-iodopropane following interaction with extreme ultraviolet intense femtosecond laser pulses with a photon energy of 95 eV. Using covariance imaging analysis, a range of observed fragmentation pathways of the resulting polycations can be isolated and interrogated in detail at relatively high ion count rates (∼12 ions shot-1). By incorporating the recently developed native frames analysis approach into the three-dimensional covariance imaging procedure, contributions from three-body concerted and sequential fragmentation mechanisms can be isolated. The angular distribution of the fragment ions is much more complex than in previously reported studies for triatomic polycations, and differs substantially between the two isomeric species. With support of simple simulations of the dissociation channels of interest, detailed physical insights into the fragmentation dynamics are obtained, including how the initial dissociation step in a sequential mechanism influences rovibrational dynamics in the metastable intermediate ion and how signatures of this nuclear motion manifest in the measured signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W McManus
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Tiffany Walmsley
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Kiyonobu Nagaya
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | | | - Yoshiaki Kumagai
- Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwayama
- UVSOR Synchrotron Facility, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Michael N R Ashfold
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Mathew Britton
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Philip H Bucksbaum
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Briony Downes-Ward
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Taran Driver
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - David Heathcote
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Paul Hockett
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Andrew J Howard
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Edwin Kukk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
| | - Jason W L Lee
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yusong Liu
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Dennis Milesevic
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Russell S Minns
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Akinobu Niozu
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Johannes Niskanen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
| | - Andrew J Orr-Ewing
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Shigeki Owada
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan.,Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Daniel Rolles
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Patrick A Robertson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Artem Rudenko
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Kiyoshi Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - James Unwin
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Claire Vallance
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Michael Burt
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Mark Brouard
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Ruaridh Forbes
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
| | - Felix Allum
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.,Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.,Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
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7
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Bhattacharyya S, Borne K, Ziaee F, Pathak S, Wang E, Venkatachalam AS, Marshall N, Carnes KD, Fehrenbach CW, Severt T, Ben-Itzhak I, Rudenko A, Rolles D. Two- and three-body fragmentation of multiply charged tribromomethane by ultrafast laser pulses. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:27631-27644. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03089f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This article provides mechanistic insight into the two- and three-body fragmentation dynamics of CHBr3 after strong-field ionization and discusses the possible isomerization of CHBr3 to BrCHBr–Br (iso-CHBr3) prior to the fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surjendu Bhattacharyya
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Kurtis Borne
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Farzaneh Ziaee
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Shashank Pathak
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Enliang Wang
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Anbu Selvam Venkatachalam
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Nathan Marshall
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Kevin D. Carnes
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Charles W. Fehrenbach
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Travis Severt
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Itzik Ben-Itzhak
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Artem Rudenko
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Daniel Rolles
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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