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Sun ZZ, Li Y, Xu XL. Donor engineering of a benzothiadiazole-based D-A-D-type molecular semiconductor for perovskite solar cells: a theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:6817-6825. [PMID: 38324386 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05766f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Due to the easy formation of compact molecular packing arrangements and the favorable photophysical and electrochemical properties, donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D)-type small molecule hole-transporting materials (HTMs) have been widely synthesized and researched to improve the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The main approach in recent experiments has been to seek good acceptors, whereas the influence of the electron-donating units has been less reported. In this work, six new benzothiadiazole-based D-A-D-type HTMs are tailored by employing the ethyl-substituted phenoxazine (POZ), phenothiazine (PTZ) and carbazole (CZ) as the donors. To obtain an elementary understanding of new HTMs, the electronic, optical, hole-transporting and interfacial properties are simulated with quantum chemistry methods. The results indicate that all tailored HTMs exhibit suitable energy alignment compared with the band structures of the perovskite, and the continuous highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels will be helpful for interfacial energy regulation. In comparison with the YN1, the maximum absorption wavelengths of the newly designed HTMs are red-shifted due to the decreased excitation energies from the ground-state to the first singlet excited-state. Importantly, the hole mobilities of all designed HTMs are distinctly higher than the referenced YN1, which is contributed by the better planarity of the molecular skeleton and the easier orbital overlapping between adjacent molecules. The interfacial simulations manifest that the FAPbI3/SM37 system displays a more stable adsorption configuration and greater charge redistributions at the interface compared to YN1, which further promotes the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Moreover, larger Stokes shifts and better solubility are also acquired for the new HTMs. In summary, our calculations not only propose several potential highly efficient HTMs, but also provide useful insights at the atomic level for the experimental synthesis of new D-A-D-type HTMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Zhu Sun
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Heze University, Heze, 274015, China.
| | - Yushan Li
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Heze University, Heze, 274015, China.
| | - Xing-Lei Xu
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Heze University, Heze, 274015, China.
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Shui QJ, Shan S, Zhai YC, Aoyagi S, Izawa S, Huda M, Yu CY, Zuo L, Chen H, Lin HS, Matsuo Y. Evaporable Fullerene Indanones with Controlled Amorphous Morphology as Electron Transport Layers for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:27307-27315. [PMID: 38063310 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Fullerenes are among the most commonly used electron-transporting materials (ETMs) in inverted perovskite solar cells (IPSCs). Although versatile functionalized fullerene derivatives have shown excellent performance in IPSCs, pristine [60]fullerene (C60) is still the most widely used in devices mainly because of its uniform morphology by thermal deposition. However, thermally evaporable fullerene derivatives have not yet been achieved. Herein, we developed a series of evaporable fullerene derivatives, referred to as fullerene indanones (FIDOs), affording IPSCs with high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and long-term storage stability. The FIDOs were designed with a unique architecture in which the fullerene moiety and a benzene ring moiety are linked via a five-membered carbon ring in benzene ring plane. This molecular arrangement affords exceptional thermal stability, allowing the FIDOs to withstand harsh thermal deposition conditions. Moreover, by manipulating the steric bulk of the functional groups, we could control the state of the organic film from crystalline to amorphous. Subsequently, we used FIDOs as an electron transport layer (ETL) in IPSCs. Thanks to the suitable energy level and dual-passivation effect of FIDOs compared with a reference ETL using C60, the device using FIDOs achieved an open-circuit voltage of 1.16 V and a fill factor of 0.77. As a result, the PCE reached 22.11%, which is superior to 20.45% of the best-performing reference device. Most importantly, the FIDO-based IPSC devices exhibited exceptional stability in comparison to the reference device due to the stability of the amorphous ETL films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Jun Shui
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shiqi Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Chang Zhai
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shinobu Aoyagi
- Department of Information and Basic Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8501, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Izawa
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Miftakhul Huda
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Chu-Yang Yu
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Lijian Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Sheng Lin
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsuo
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Institute of Materials Innovation, Institutes for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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Chen C, Cai Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Wang S, Gao S, Chen W, Guo S, Abduryim E, Dong C, Guan X, Liu Y, Lu P. Exploring the effect of C 6H 5-x/F xBr ( x = 0-3) passivating agent on surface properties at different termination ends: first principles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:29924-29939. [PMID: 37902030 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03373b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
To prevent further decomposition of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite by defects, in this work density functional theory was applied to explore the electronic properties, carrier surface mobility and theoretical photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of passivating molecules with different fluorine atom content at the symmetric site of the benzene ring at different termination ends of MAPbI3, which shed light on the control of perovskite surface passivation by different element atoms in the same molecule. We found that the same molecule acts as a different passivation agent at different termination faces. Passivating molecules on the surface termination end by MAI play a Lewis acid role, with molecules with stronger dipole moments narrowing the band gap from the original 1.77 to 1.73 eV. The exciton binding energy of molecules with stronger dipole moments (0.187-0.292 meV) is significantly lower than that of MAPbI3 (0.332 meV), so the effective separation of interface electrons and holes can be realized. Bromopenta-fluorobenzene has a lower adsorption energy of -0.17 eV, which can stably adsorb on the surface of perovskite and increase visible light absorption. Ultimately, the theoretical PCE increased from 15.8% to 16.16%. In addition, on the surface terminated by PbI2, BrB with a strong dipole moment can provide electrons for Pb2+ and act as a Lewis base. At the surface end, it can form an ionic bond with Pb2+, while the antibonding molecular orbital characteristic is dominant, which increases the band gap from 1.76 to 1.87 eV. After increasing to 4-F-BrB, the fluorine atom has strong electronegativity and can easily bond with Pb2+. The conjugate π cycle intensifies the promotion of electron transfer, reducing the work function from 5.262 to 4.703 eV, reducing the effective electron and hole mass (0.514, 0.204 m0), and improving the photovoltaic performance. Finally, increasing the number of passivation molecules resulted in a decrease in the PCE from 15.93% to 14.75%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changcheng Chen
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yan Cai
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yirui Zhang
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Songya Wang
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Shuli Gao
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Wen Chen
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Shuangna Guo
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Elyas Abduryim
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China.
| | - Xiaoning Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Pengfei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China.
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Chen N, Zhang W, Li QS. A moderate intensity ligand works best: a theoretical study on passivation effects of pyridine-based molecules for perovskite solar cells. NANOSCALE 2023. [PMID: 37318378 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01296d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Improving battery stability while maintaining high photoelectric conversion efficiency remains the bottleneck in the current development of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Three π-conjugated pyridine-based molecules, pyridine (Py), bipyridine (Bpy), and terpyridine (Tpy), were adopted to passivate the PSCs in recent experiments (J. Chen, S.-G. Kim, X. Ren, H. S. Jung and N.-G. Park, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2019, 7, 4977-4987; J. Zhang, J. Duan, Q. Zhang, Q. Guo, F. Yan, X. Yang, Y. Duan and Q. Tang, Chem. Eng. J., 2022, 431, 134230), in which Bpy works best in terms of photovoltaic properties and moisture tolerance. In this work, based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations, we demonstrate that Bpy displays the least structural fluctuation when adsorbed on the perovskite surface, enlarges the bandgap suppressing electron-hole recombination, and exhibits remarkable shielding effects against moisture. The appropriate anchoring ability of Bpy retains robust binding strength and preferable charge transfer ability compared to Py at the interfaces between the passivation molecules (PMs) and MAPbI3. In contrast, although Tpy possesses the strongest charge-transfer capability, it introduces midgap states owing to intense electronegativity, providing additional pathways for nonradiative charge relaxation. Besides, Tpy triggers rapid diffusions of water and larger atomic fluctuations, destroying the structures of the perovskite through the removal of lead atoms. Our computational results not only rationalize the experimental observations but also provide valuable guidance at the atomic level to design novel PMs that endow PSCs with outstanding photovoltaic performance as well as stability against moisture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China.
| | - Weiyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China.
| | - Quan-Song Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China.
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Zou H, Duan Y, Yang S, Xu D, Yang L, Cui J, Zhou H, Wu M, Wang J, Lei X, Zhang N, Liu Z. 20.67%-Efficiency Inorganic CsPbI 3 Solar Cells Enabled by Zwitterion Ion Interface Treatment. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206205. [PMID: 36399648 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
All-inorganic CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been extensively studied due to their high thermal stability and unprecedented rise in power conversion efficiency (PCE). Recently, the champion PCE of CsPbI3 PSCs has reached up to 21%; however, it is still much lower than that of organic-inorganic hybrid PSCs. Interface modification to passivate surface defects and minimize charge recombination and trapping is important to further improve the efficiency of CsPbI3 PSCs. Herein, a new zwitterion ion is deposited at the interface between electron transporting layer (ETL) and perovskite layer to passivate the defects therein. The zwitterion ions can not only passivate oxygen vacancy (VO ) and iodine vacancy (VI ) defects, but also improve the band alignment at the ETL-perovskite interface. After the interface treatment, the PCE of CsPbI3 device reaches up to 20.67%, which is among the highest values of CsPbI3 PSCs so far. Due to the defect passivation and hydrophobicity improvement, the PCE of optimized device remains 94% of its original value after 800 h storing under ambient condition. These results provide an efficient way to improve the quality of ETL-perovskite interface by zwitterion ions for achieving high performance inorganic CsPbI3 PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yuwei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Shaomin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Dongfang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Jian Cui
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Meizi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Jungang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xuruo Lei
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Zhike Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
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