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A Gálico D, Kitos AA, Ramdani R, Ovens JS, Murugesu M. Distortion Engineering: A Strategy to Modulate Molecular Upconversion with Molecular Cluster-Aggregates. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:26819-26829. [PMID: 39302693 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
The rational engineering of molecules is a powerful chemistry tool of pivotal importance in the fields of molecular magnetism and luminescence. Hence, systems that can be modulated via molecular engineering and composition control are expected to present extra versatility regarding the tunability of their properties. This is the case with molecular cluster aggregates (MCAs), high nuclearity molecular compounds. Herein, we demonstrate how the union of both strategies, namely, composition control and molecular engineering, can be employed to enhance molecular upconversion in MCAs. This was achieved by doping a {Gd8Er2Yb10} MCA with CeIII ions. By replacement of the optically silent GdIII ions with CeIII, the upconversion mechanism is modified due to CeIII-mediated cross-relaxation. In addition to this effect, we could also engineer the degree of metal site distortion due to the larger size of CeIII ions, relaxing the selection rules and impacting the upconversion quantum yield and luminescent thermometry. Opto-structural correlations demonstrate that the presented molecular engineering strategy can be used to enhance the performance of molecular upconverters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo A Gálico
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Alexandros A Kitos
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Rayan Ramdani
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Jeffrey S Ovens
- X-Ray Core Facility, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Muralee Murugesu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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Wang Y, Sun G, Su Q, Xie Y, Xing F, Zhang H, Sun L. Optical Upconversion in Mononuclear Lanthanide Co-Crystal Assemblies. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400911. [PMID: 38651349 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we developed two kinds of co-crystal assemblies systems, consisting of discrete mononuclear Yb3+ and Er3+ and mononuclear Yb3+ and Pr3+, which can achieve Er3+ and Pr3+ upconversion luminescence, respectively, by Yb3+ sensitization under 980 nm excitation. The structure and composition of two co-crystal assemblies were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. By investigation of the series of two assemblies, respectively, it is found that the strongest upconversion luminescence is both obtained when the molar ratio of Yb3+ and Ln3+ (Ln=Er or Pr) is 1 : 1. The energy transfer mechanism of Er3+ assemblies is determined as energy transfer upconversion, while that of Pr3+ assemblies is determined as energy transfer upconversion and cooperative sensitization upconversion. This is the first example of Pr3+ upconversion luminescence at the molecular dimension at room temperature, which enriches the research in the field of upconversion luminescence with lanthanide complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Guotao Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Qichen Su
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yao Xie
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Feifei Xing
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Lining Sun
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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3
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Xie Y, Sun G, Li J, Sun R, Sun L. Er 3+-Sensitized Upconversion/Down-Shifting Luminescence in Metal-Organic Frameworks. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:10624-10629. [PMID: 37982718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Photoluminescent metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are used as optical materials with excellent properties, of which the lanthanide-doped MOFs are able to emit in a broad region from visible to near-infrared due to their unique 4f-orbital electronic structure. Herein, Er3+ and Y3+ ions are selected as the metal centers of the MOFs and Er3+ is used as a sensitizer to absorb 980 nm excitation light. At the same time, Er3+ ions also act as activators that emit upconverting visible light and down-shifting near-infrared light. In addition, Tm3+, Ho3+, and Eu3+ ions were individually doped into the Er3+-doped MOFs to investigate the variation of energy-transfer paths in the presence of different lanthanide activators. Finally, the pathway of energy transfer in these Er3+-sensitized luminescent-MOFs was summarized. This work provides new insights for further development of both upconversion and down-shifting luminescence of MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xie
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Guotao Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jiwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Renrui Sun
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lining Sun
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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Sun G, Xie Y, Wang Y, Zhang H, Sun L. Upconversion Luminescence in Mononuclear Yb/Sm Co-crystal Assemblies at Room Temperature. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312308. [PMID: 37698110 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal-based upconversion luminescence transforming high-energy photons into low-energy photons is an attractive anti-Stokes shift process for fundamental research and promising applications. In this work, we developed the upconversion luminescence in co-crystal assemblies consisting of discrete mononuclear Yb and Sm complexes. The characteristic visible emissions of Sm3+ were observed under the excitation of absorption band of Yb3+ at 980 nm. A series of co-crystal assemblies were investigated based on mononuclear Yb and Sm complexes, and the strongest luminescence was obtained when the molar concentration between Yb3+ and Sm3+ is equivalent. The crystal structure was fully characterized by the single crystal X-ray diffraction and upconverting energy transfer mechanisms were verified as cooperative sensitization upconversion and energy transfer upconversion. This is the first example of Sm3+ -based upconverting luminescence in discrete lanthanide complexes which present as co-crystal assemblies at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guotao Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yao Xie
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Lining Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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Du P, Lei P, Liang Y, An R, Zhang H. New Strategy: Molten Salt-Assisted Synthesis to Enhance Lanthanide Upconversion Luminescence. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302465. [PMID: 37162464 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide-doped upconversion luminescent materials (LUCMs) have attracted much attention in diverse practical applications because of their superior features. However, the relatively weak luminescence intensity and low efficiency of LUCMs are the bottleneck problems that seriously limit their development. Unfortunately, most of the current major strategies of luminescence enhancement have some inherent shortcomings in their implementation. Here, a new and simple strategy of molten salt-assisted synthesis is proposed to enhance lanthanide upconversion luminescence for the first time. As a proof-of-concept, a series of rare earth oxides with obvious luminescence enhancement are prepared by a one-step method, utilizing molten NaCl as the high-temperature reaction media and rare earth chlorides as the precursors. The enhancement factors at different reaction temperatures are systematically investigated by taking Yb3+ /Er3+ co-doped Y2 O3 as an example, which can be enhanced up to more than six times. In addition, the molten salts are extended to all alkali chlorides, indicating that it is a universal strategy. Finally, the potential application of obtained UCL materials is demonstrated in near-infrared excited upconversion white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) and other monochromatic LEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengye Du
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Pengpeng Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China
| | - Yuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Ran An
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Gil Y, de Santana RC, de Camargo ASS, Merízio LG, Carreño PF, Fuentealba P, Manzur J, Spodine E. Dual visible and near-infrared luminescence in mononuclear macrocyclic erbium(III) complexes via ligand and metal centred excitation. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:3158-3168. [PMID: 36790124 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03447f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Considering the structural design of some of the scarce molecular-based Er-centred emitters in the literature, we explored the optical properties of three ErIII hexaazamacrocyclic complexes, namely Er-EDA (1), Er-OPDA(2) and Er-DAP(3). The macrocyclic ligands in these complexes differ in the lateral spacers, and are derived from 2,6-pyridine-dicarbaldehyde and ethylenediamine (EDA), ortho-phenylenediamine (OPDA) or 1,3-diaminopropane (DAP). Upon ligand-centred excitation, the bluish-green and green emissions of the ErIII ion were detected only for the complexes containing macrocycles with aliphatic spacers (1 and 3), which evidenced that these ligands can sensitize the ErIII luminescence. On the other hand, the ligand derived from the aromatic diamine (2) does not sensitize the ErIII luminescence. Energy transfer mechanisms, temperature sensing, CIE coordinates and CCT values were analyzed. Besides the excitation in the ligands, the erbium-centred excitation at 980 nm allowed the detection, in all cases, of bluish-green, green and red up-converted emissions, and also the downshifted NIR emission. The possible mechanisms involved in these transitions were described and analyzed according to the available data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolimar Gil
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 1007, 8380544, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Ricardo Costa de Santana
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| | - Andréa Simone Stucchi de Camargo
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense, n°400 Parque Arnold Schimidt, CEP, 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Leonnam Gotardo Merízio
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense, n°400 Parque Arnold Schimidt, CEP, 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Patricia Farías Carreño
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 1007, 8380544, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Pablo Fuentealba
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 1007, 8380544, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Jorge Manzur
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 1007, 8380544, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Evgenia Spodine
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 1007, 8380544, Santiago, Chile.
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