1
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Vismarra F, Fernández-Villoria F, Mocci D, González-Vázquez J, Wu Y, Colaizzi L, Holzmeier F, Delgado J, Santos J, Bañares L, Carlini L, Castrovilli MC, Bolognesi P, Richter R, Avaldi L, Palacios A, Lucchini M, Reduzzi M, Borrego-Varillas R, Martín N, Martín F, Nisoli M. Few-femtosecond electron transfer dynamics in photoionized donor-π-acceptor molecules. Nat Chem 2024:10.1038/s41557-024-01620-y. [PMID: 39322782 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01620-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
The exposure of molecules to attosecond extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) pulses offers a unique opportunity to study the early stages of coupled electron-nuclear dynamics in which the role played by the different degrees of freedom is beyond standard chemical intuition. We investigate, both experimentally and theoretically, the first steps of charge-transfer processes initiated by prompt ionization in prototype donor-π-acceptor molecules, namely nitroanilines. Time-resolved measurement of this process is performed by combining attosecond XUV-pump/few-femtosecond infrared-probe spectroscopy with advanced many-body quantum chemistry calculations. We show that a concerted nuclear and electronic motion drives electron transfer from the donor group on a sub-10-fs timescale. This is followed by a sub-30-fs relaxation process due to the probing of the continuously spreading nuclear wave packet in the excited electronic states of the molecular cation. These findings shed light on the role played by electron-nuclear coupling in donor-π-acceptor systems in response to photoionization.
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Grants
- 951224 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)
- 951224 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)
- 951224 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)
- 951224 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)
- 951224 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)
- 951224 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)
- 951224 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)
- 951224 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)
- 951224 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)
- 951224 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)
- 951224 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)
- 951224 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)
- 951224 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)
- 951224 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)
- 951224 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)
- 20173B72NB Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca (Ministry of Education, University and Research)
- 20173B72NB Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca (Ministry of Education, University and Research)
- 20173B72NB Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca (Ministry of Education, University and Research)
- 20173B72NB Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca (Ministry of Education, University and Research)
- 20173B72NB Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca (Ministry of Education, University and Research)
- 20173B72NB Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca (Ministry of Education, University and Research)
- 20173B72NB Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca (Ministry of Education, University and Research)
- 20173B72NB Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca (Ministry of Education, University and Research)
- 20173B72NB Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca (Ministry of Education, University and Research)
- CA1822 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
- CA1822 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
- CA1822 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
- CA1822 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
- CA1822 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
- CA1822 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
- CA1822 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
- CA1822 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
- CA1822 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
- CA1822 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
- CA1822 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
- CA1822 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
- CA1822 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
- CA182 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
- CA1822 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
- CA1822 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
- CA1822 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
- CA1822 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
- CA1822 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
- CA1822 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Vismarra
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, IFN-CNR, Milan, Italy
| | - Francisco Fernández-Villoria
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniele Mocci
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Yingxuan Wu
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, IFN-CNR, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Jorge Delgado
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Santos
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Bañares
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Carlini
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paola Bolognesi
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Robert Richter
- Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Avaldi
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Alicia Palacios
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matteo Lucchini
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, IFN-CNR, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Nazario Martín
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Martín
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia, Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mauro Nisoli
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, IFN-CNR, Milan, Italy.
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2
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Fransén L, Tran T, Nandi S, Vacher M. Dissociation and Isomerization Following Ionization of Ethylene: Insights from Nonadiabatic Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:1457-1465. [PMID: 38358308 PMCID: PMC10911106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Photoionized and electronically excited ethylene C2H4+ can undergo H-loss, H2-loss, and ethylene-ethylidene isomerization, where the latter entails a hydrogen migration. Recent pioneering experiments with few-femtosecond extreme ultraviolet pulses and complementary theoretical studies have shed light on the photodynamics of this prototypical organic cation. However, no theoretical investigation based on dynamics simulations reported to date has described the mechanisms and time scales of dissociation and isomerization. Herein, we simulate the coupled electron-nuclear dynamics of ethylene following vertical ionization and electronic excitation to its four lowest-lying cationic states. The electronic structure is treated at the CASSCF level, with an active space large enough to describe bond breaking and formation. The simulations indicate that dissociation and isomerization take place mainly on the cationic ground state and allow the probing of previous hypotheses concerning the correlation between the photochemical outcome and the traversed conical intersections. The results, moreover, support the long-standing view that H2-loss may occur from the ethylidene form. However, the ethylene-ethylidene isomerization time predicted by the simulations is considerably longer than those previously inferred from indirect experimental measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Fransén
- Nantes
Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Thierry Tran
- Nantes
Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Saikat Nandi
- Université
de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière
Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Morgane Vacher
- Nantes
Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
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3
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Cabral Tenorio BN, Pedersen J, Barbatti M, Decleva P, Coriani S. Auger-Meitner and X-ray Absorption Spectra of Ethylene Cation: Insight into Conical Intersection Dynamics. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:107-117. [PMID: 38134450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
We present a theoretical investigation of the near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure and the Auger-Meitner decay spectra of ethylene and its cation. Herein, we demonstrate that our method, coupled with the nuclear ensemble approach, successfully reproduces the natural bandwidth structure of the experimental resonant Auger-Meitner decay spectra of ethylene, which is not very well reproduced within the Franck-Condon approximation. Furthermore, we analyze the Auger-Meitner decay spectra of the ethylene cation in light of minimum energy conical intersection structures involving the two lowest cationic states (D1 and D0), providing valuable insights into the ultrafast D1/D0 relaxation dynamics. Our results suggest that Auger-Meitner electron spectroscopy can help elucidate the mechanism behind the initial 20 fs of the relaxation dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Nunes Cabral Tenorio
- DTU Chemistry─Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Bldg 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jacob Pedersen
- DTU Chemistry─Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Bldg 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mario Barbatti
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, ICR, 13397 Marseille, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Piero Decleva
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali IOM-CNR and Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, I-34121 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sonia Coriani
- DTU Chemistry─Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Bldg 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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4
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Heald LF, Gosman RS, Rotteger CH, Jarman CK, Sayres SG. Nonadiabatic Photodissociation and Dehydrogenation Dynamics of n-Butyl Bromide Following p-Rydberg Excitation. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:6278-6285. [PMID: 37399455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond time-resolved mass spectrometry, correlation mapping, and density functional theory calculations are employed to reveal the mechanism of C═C and C≡C formation (and related H2 production) following excitation to the p-Rydberg states of n-butyl bromide. Ultrafast pump-probe mass spectrometry shows that nonadiabatic relaxation operates as a multistep process reaching an intermediate state within ∼500 fs followed by relaxation to a final state within 10 ps of photoexcitation. Absorption of three ultraviolet photons accesses the dense p-Rydberg state manifold, which is further excited by the probe beam for C─C bond dissociation and dehydrogenation reactions. Rapid internal conversion deactivates the dehydrogenation pathways, while activating carbon backbone dissociation pathways. Thus, unsaturated carbon fragments decay with the lifetime of p-Rydberg (∼500 fs), matching the growth recorded in saturated hydrocarbon fragments. The saturated hydrocarbon signals subsequently decay on the picosecond time scale as the molecule relaxes below the Rydberg states and into halogen release channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren F Heald
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Robert S Gosman
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Chase H Rotteger
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Carter K Jarman
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Scott G Sayres
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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