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Smith RS, Tylinski M, Kimmel GA, Kay BD. Crystallization kinetics of amorphous acetonitrile nanoscale films. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:144703. [PMID: 33858151 DOI: 10.1063/5.0045461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We measure the isothermal crystallization kinetics of amorphous acetonitrile films using molecular beam dosing and reflection adsorption infrared spectroscopy techniques. Experiments on a graphene covered Pt(111) substrate revealed that the crystallization rate slows dramatically during long time periods and that the overall kinetics cannot be described by a simple application of the Avrami equation. The crystallization kinetics also have a thickness dependence with the thinner films crystallizing much slower than the thicker ones. Additional experiments showed that decane layers at both the substrate and vacuum interfaces can also affect the crystallization rates. A comparison of the crystallization rates for CH3CN and CD3CN films showed only an isotope effect of ∼1.09. When amorphous films were deposited on a crystalline film, the crystalline layer did not act as a template for the formation of a crystalline growth front. These overall results suggest that the crystallization kinetics are complicated, indicating the possibility of multiple nucleation and growth mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Scott Smith
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M Tylinski
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Greg A Kimmel
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Bruce D Kay
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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Beasley MS, Tylinski M, Chua YZ, Schick C, Ediger MD. Glasses of three alkyl phosphates show a range of kinetic stabilities when prepared by physical vapor deposition. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:174503. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5026505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. S. Beasley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M. Tylinski
- Department of Chemistry, Widener University, Chester, Pennsylvania 19013, USA
| | - Y. Z. Chua
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18051 Rostock, Germany and Competence Center CALOR, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 25, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - C. Schick
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18051 Rostock, Germany and Competence Center CALOR, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 25, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - M. D. Ediger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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3
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Affiliation(s)
- M. D. Ediger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison,
1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Ràfols-Ribé J, Gonzalez-Silveira M, Rodríguez-Tinoco C, Rodríguez-Viejo J. The role of thermodynamic stability in the characteristics of the devitrification front of vapour-deposited glasses of toluene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:11089-11097. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00741h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glass stability and molecular shape affect the transformation mechanism of vapour deposited glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Ràfols-Ribé
- Grup de Nanomaterials i Microsistemes
- Physics Department
- Universtitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- 08193 Bellaterra
- Spain
| | - Marta Gonzalez-Silveira
- Grup de Nanomaterials i Microsistemes
- Physics Department
- Universtitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- 08193 Bellaterra
- Spain
| | - Cristian Rodríguez-Tinoco
- Grup de Nanomaterials i Microsistemes
- Physics Department
- Universtitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- 08193 Bellaterra
- Spain
| | - Javier Rodríguez-Viejo
- Grup de Nanomaterials i Microsistemes
- Physics Department
- Universtitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- 08193 Bellaterra
- Spain
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Tylinski M, Chua YZ, Beasley MS, Schick C, Ediger MD. Vapor-deposited alcohol glasses reveal a wide range of kinetic stability. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:174506. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4966582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Tylinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Y. Z. Chua
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18051 Rostock, Germany and Competence Centre CALOR, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 25, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - M. S. Beasley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - C. Schick
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18051 Rostock, Germany and Competence Centre CALOR, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 25, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - M. D. Ediger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Chua YZ, Tylinski M, Tatsumi S, Ediger MD, Schick C. Glass transition and stable glass formation of tetrachloromethane. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:244503. [PMID: 27369523 DOI: 10.1063/1.4954665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical vapor deposition (PVD) has been used to prepare organic glasses with very high kinetic stability and it has been suggested that molecular anisotropy is a prerequisite for stable glass formation. Here we use PVD to prepare glasses of tetrachloromethane, a simple organic molecule with a nearly isotropic molecular structure. In situ AC nanocalorimetry was used to characterize the vapor-deposited glasses. Glasses of high kinetic stability were produced by deposition near 0.8 Tg. The isothermal transformation of the vapor-deposited glasses into the supercooled liquid state gave further evidence that tetrachloromethane forms glasses with high kinetic stability, with the transformation time exceeding the structural relaxation time of the supercooled liquid by a factor of 10(3). The glass transition temperature of liquid-cooled tetrachloromethane is determined as Tg ≈ 78 K, which is different from previously reported values. The frequency dependence of the glass transition was also determined and the fragility was estimated as m ≈ 118. The successful formation of PVD glasses of tetrachloromethane which have high kinetic stability argues that molecular asymmetry is not a prerequisite for stable glass formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Z Chua
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Tylinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Tatsumi
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - M D Ediger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - C Schick
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Tylinski M, Sepúlveda A, Walters DM, Chua YZ, Schick C, Ediger MD. Vapor-deposited glasses of methyl-m-toluate: How uniform is stable glass transformation? J Chem Phys 2015; 143:244509. [PMID: 26723694 DOI: 10.1063/1.4938420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AC chip nanocalorimetry is used to characterize vapor-deposited glasses of methyl-m-toluate (MMT). Physical vapor deposition can prepare MMT glasses that have lower heat capacity and significantly higher kinetic stability compared to liquid-cooled glasses. When heated, highly stable MMT glasses transform into the supercooled liquid via propagating fronts. We present the first quantitative analysis of the temporal and spatial uniformities of these transformation fronts. The front velocity varies by less than 4% over the duration of the transformation. For films 280 nm thick, the transformation rates at different spatial positions in the film differ by about 25%; this quantity may be related to spatially heterogeneous dynamics in the stable glass. Our characterization of the kinetic stability of MMT stable glasses extends previous dielectric experiments and is in excellent agreement with these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tylinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Sepúlveda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Diane M Walters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Y Z Chua
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Wismarsche Str. 43-45, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - C Schick
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Wismarsche Str. 43-45, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - M D Ediger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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