1
|
Asatryan R, Hudzik J, Swihart M. Intramolecular Catalytic Hydrogen Atom Transfer (CHAT). J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:2169-2190. [PMID: 38451855 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Intramolecular catalysis (IntraCat) is the acceleration of a process at one site of a molecule catalyzed by a functional group in the same molecule; an external agent such as a solvent typically facilitates it. Here, we report a general first-principles-based IntraCat mechanism, which strictly occurs within a single molecule with no coreagent being involved─we call it intramolecular catalytic transfer of hydrogen atoms (CHAT). A reactive part of a molecule (chat catalyst moiety or chat agent, represented by -OOH, -COOH, -SH, -CH2OH, -HPO4, or another bifunctional H-donor/acceptor group) catalyzes an interconversion process, such as keto-enol or amino-imino tautomerization, and cyclization in the same molecule, while being regenerated in the process. It can thus be regarded as an intramolecular version of the intermolecular H atom transfer processes mediated by an external molecular catalyst, e.g., dihydrogen, water, or a carboxylic acid. Earlier, we proposed a general mechanistic systematization of intermolecular processes, illustrated in the simplest case of the H2-mediated reactions classified as dihydrogen catalysis [Asatryan, R.; et al. Catal. Rev.: Sci. Eng., 2014, 56, 403-475]. Following this systematization, the CHAT catalysis belongs to the category of relay transfer of H atoms, albeit in an intramolecular manner. A broader class of intramolecular processes includes all types of H-transfer reactions stimulated by an H-migration, which we call self-catalyzed H atom transfer (SC-HAT). The CHAT mechanism comprises a subset of SC-HAT in which the catalytic moiety is regenerated (i.e., acts as a true catalyst and not a reagent). We provide several characteristic examples of CHAT mechanism based on detailed analysis of the corresponding potential energy surfaces. All such cases showed a dramatically reduced activation barrier relative to the corresponding uncatalyzed H-transfer reactions. For example, we show that CHAT can facilitate long-range H-migration in larger molecules and can occur multiple times in one molecule with multiple interconverting groups. It also facilitates amino-imino tautomerization of unsaturated GABA-analogues and peptides, as well as intramolecular cyclization processes to form heterocycles, e.g., oxygenated rings. CHAT pathways may also explain the pH-dependent increase of mutarotation rate of glucose-6-phosphate demonstrated in pioneering experiments that introduced the classical IntraCat concept. In addition, we identify a ground electronic state CHAT pathway as an alternative to the UV-promoted long-range molecular crane keto-enol conversion with a remarkably low activation energy. To initially assess the possible impact of the new keto-enol conversion pathway on combustion of n-alkanes, we present a detailed kinetic analysis of isomerization and decomposition of pentane-2,4-ketohydroperoxide (2,4-KHP). The results are compared with key alternative reactions, including direct dissociation and Korcek channels (for which a new alkyl group migration channel is also identified), revealing the competitiveness of the CHAT pathway across a range of conditions. Taken together, this work provides insight into a general class of reaction pathways that has not previously being systematically considered and that may occur in a broad range of contexts from combustion to atmospheric chemistry to biochemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubik Asatryan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Center for Hybrid Rocket Exascale Simulation Technology (CHREST), University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Jason Hudzik
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Center for Hybrid Rocket Exascale Simulation Technology (CHREST), University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Mark Swihart
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Center for Hybrid Rocket Exascale Simulation Technology (CHREST), University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sadiek I, Friedrichs G, Sakai Y. Ab Initio and RRKM/Master Equation Analysis of the Photolysis and Thermal Unimolecular Decomposition of Bromoacetaldehyde. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:8282-8293. [PMID: 34498882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bromoacetaldehyde (BrCH2CHO) is a major stable brominated organic intermediate of the bromine-ethylene addition reaction during the arctic bromine explosion events. Similar to acetaldehyde, which has been recently identified as a source of organic acids in the troposphere, it may be subjected to photo-tautomerization initially forming brominated vinyl compounds. In this study, we investigate the unimolecular reactions of BrCH2CHO under both photolytic and thermal conditions using high-level quantum chemical calculations and Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM)/master equation analysis. The unimolecular decomposition of BrCH2CHO takes place through 14 dissociation and isomerization channels along a potential energy surface involving eight wells. Under the assumption of singlet ground-state potential energy surface-dominated photodynamics, the primary photodissociation yields of BrCH2CHO are investigated under both collision-free and collision energy transfer conditions. At atmospheric pressure and under tropospheric actinic flux conditions at ground level, depending on the assumed collisional energy transfer parameter, 150 cm-1 < ⟨ΔEdown⟩ < 450 cm-1, 78-33% of BrCH2CHO undergoes direct photodissociation instead of collisional deactivation at an excitation wavelength of 320 nm. This is significantly higher than the 14% reported for acetaldehyde, hence indicating a strong effect of bromine substitution on the product photolysis yield that is related to additional favorable Br and HBr forming dissociation channels. In contrast to the overall photodissociation quantum yield, the relative branching fractions of the photodissociation products are less dependent on the collisional energy transfer parameter. For a representative value of ⟨ΔEdown⟩ = 300 cm-1 and an excitation wavelength of 320 nm, with 27% for C-C bond fission, 11% for C-Br bond fission, 7% for HBr elimination, and only below 2% each for a consecutive O-Br fission reaction and the photo-tautomerization channel yielding brominated vinyl alcohol, the photodissociation is markedly different from the acetaldehyde case. Finally, as brominated halogenated compounds are of interest for flame inhibition purposes, thermal multichannel unimolecular rate constants were calculated for temperatures in the range from 500 to 2000 K. At a temperature of 2000 K and ambient pressure, the two main reaction channels are the C-Br and C-C bond fissions, contributing 35 and 43% to the total reaction flux, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Sadiek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gernot Friedrichs
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany.,KMS Kiel Marine Science-Centre for Interdisciplinary Marine Sciences, University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi 316-8511, Ibaraki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Habib U, Riaz M, Hofmann M. Unraveling the Way Acetaldehyde is Formed from Acetylene: A Study Based on DFT. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:6924-6933. [PMID: 33748606 PMCID: PMC7970554 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Acetylene hydratase (AH) of Pelobacter acetylenicus is a tungsten (W)-containing iron-sulfur enzyme that catalyzes the transformation of acetylene to acetaldehyde, the exact/true reaction mechanism of which is still in question. Scientists utilized different computational approaches to understand the reaction mechanism of acetylene hydration. Some identified it as a multistep (4-16) process that starts with the displacement of a water molecule present at the active site of AH with acetylene. However, some said that there is no need to displace water with acetylene at the active site of AH. As the reaction mechanism for the conversion of acetylene to acetaldehyde is still controversial and needs to be investigated further, DFT studies were performed on the model complexes derived from the native protein X-ray crystal structure of AH. Based on the computational results, here we are proposing the nucleophilic reaction mechanism where the water (Wat1424) molecule is coordinated to the W center and Asp13 is assumed to be in an anionic form. The Wat1424 molecule is activated by W and then donates one of its protons to the anionic Asp13, forming the W-bound hydroxide and protonated Asp13. The W-bound hydroxide then attacks the C1 atom of acetylene together with the transfer of a proton from Asp13 to its C2 atom, resulting in the formation of a vinyl alcohol intermediate complex. The energy barrier associated with this step is 14.4 kcal/mol. The final, rate-limiting, step corresponds to the tautomerization of the vinyl alcohol intermediate to acetaldehyde via intermolecular assistance of two water molecules, associated with an energy barrier of 18.9 kcal/mol. Also, the influence of the metal on the hydration of acetylene is studied when W is replaced with Mo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Habib
- Research
Center for Modeling & Simulation (RCMS), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Mahum Riaz
- Research
Center for Modeling & Simulation (RCMS), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Matthias Hofmann
- Anorganisch
Chemisches Institüt, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Käser S, Unke OT, Meuwly M. Isomerization and decomposition reactions of acetaldehyde relevant to atmospheric processes from dynamics simulations on neural network-based potential energy surfaces. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:214304. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0008223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Silvan Käser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver T. Unke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Meuwly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lei X, Wang W, Gao J, Wang S, Wang W. Atmospheric Chemistry of Enols: The Formation Mechanisms of Formic and Peroxyformic Acids in Ozonolysis of Vinyl Alcohol. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:4271-4279. [PMID: 32369366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c01480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Vinyl alcohol (VA), for a long time, is thought to be a missing source of formic acid (FA) in the atmospheric models. However, a recent study has shown that FA is just a byproduct in the OH-initiated oxidation of VA, which stimulates investigation on the other sinks of VA in the atmosphere. In this study, the detailed ozonolysis mechanism of VA was investigated theoretically for the first time. The results show that two primary ozonides (syn- and anti-POZ) can be formed in the ozonolysis of VA and that FA coupled with the simplest Criegee intermediate (CH2OO) can be produced as the main nascent products. Thus, the ozonolysis of VA is predicted to be a more efficient process to produce FA in the atmosphere compared with its OH-initiated oxidation. Moreover, it is found that the syn-POZ can directly decompose to peroxyformic acid plus formaldehyde, breaking the known "Criegee mechanism" to form carbonyl oxide with carbonyl compound. This special mechanism by providing a new source of peroxy acids in the atmosphere enriches the atmospheric chemistry of enols. The atmospheric lifetime of VA by ozonolysis is predicted to be 30 h, comparable with its prevalent reaction with the OH radical. Therefore, the obtained theoretical results can be usefully incorporated into a future modeling study of enols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Lei
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weina Wang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiemiao Gao
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sainan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenliang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lei X, Wang W, Cai J, Wang C, Liu F, Wang W. Atmospheric Chemistry of Enols: Vinyl Alcohol + OH + O2 Reaction Revisited. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:3205-3213. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Lei
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weina Wang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Cai
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, Shaanxi, China
| | - Changwei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengyi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenliang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alwe HD, Millet DB, Chen X, Raff JD, Payne ZC, Fledderman K. Oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds as the Major Source of Formic Acid in a Mixed Forest Canopy. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 46:2940-2948. [PMID: 31068737 PMCID: PMC6487833 DOI: 10.1029/2018gl081526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Formic acid (HCOOH) is among the most abundant carboxylic acids in the atmosphere, but its budget is poorly understood. We present eddy flux, vertical gradient, and soil chamber measurements from a mixed forest and apply the data to better constrain HCOOH source/sink pathways. While the cumulative above-canopy flux was downward, HCOOH exchange was bidirectional, with extended periods of net upward and downward flux. Net above-canopy fluxes were mostly upward during warmer/drier periods. The implied gross canopy HCOOH source corresponds to 3% and 38% of observed isoprene and monoterpene carbon emissions and is 15× underestimated in a state-of-science atmospheric model (GEOS-Chem). Gradient and soil chamber measurements identify the canopy layer as the controlling source of HCOOH or its precursors to the forest environment; below-canopy sources were minor. A correlation analysis using an ensemble of marker volatile organic compounds suggests that secondary formation, not direct emission, is the major source driving ambient HCOOH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hariprasad D. Alwe
- Department of Soil, Water, and ClimateUniversity of Minnesota, Twin CitiesSaint PaulMNUSA
| | - Dylan B. Millet
- Department of Soil, Water, and ClimateUniversity of Minnesota, Twin CitiesSaint PaulMNUSA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Soil, Water, and ClimateUniversity of Minnesota, Twin CitiesSaint PaulMNUSA
| | - Jonathan D. Raff
- School of Public and Environmental AffairsIndiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA
- Department of ChemistryIndiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA
| | | | - Kathryn Fledderman
- School of Public and Environmental AffairsIndiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lei X, Chen D, Wang W, Liu F, Wang W. Quantum chemical studies of the OH-initiated oxidation reactions of propenols in the presence of O2. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1537527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Lei
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongping Chen
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weina Wang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengyi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenliang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shaw MF, Sztáray B, Whalley LK, Heard DE, Millet DB, Jordan MJT, Osborn DL, Kable SH. Photo-tautomerization of acetaldehyde as a photochemical source of formic acid in the troposphere. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2584. [PMID: 29968712 PMCID: PMC6030138 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04824-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic acids play a key role in the troposphere, contributing to atmospheric aqueous-phase chemistry, aerosol formation, and precipitation acidity. Atmospheric models currently account for less than half the observed, globally averaged formic acid loading. Here we report that acetaldehyde photo-tautomerizes to vinyl alcohol under atmospherically relevant pressures of nitrogen, in the actinic wavelength range, λ = 300-330 nm, with measured quantum yields of 2-25%. Recent theoretical kinetics studies show hydroxyl-initiated oxidation of vinyl alcohol produces formic acid. Adding these pathways to an atmospheric chemistry box model (Master Chemical Mechanism) demonstrates increased formic acid concentrations by a factor of ~1.7 in the polluted troposphere and a factor of ~3 under pristine conditions. Incorporating this mechanism into the GEOS-Chem 3D global chemical transport model reveals an estimated 7% contribution to worldwide formic acid production, with up to 60% of the total modeled formic acid production over oceans arising from photo-tautomerization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miranda F Shaw
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Bálint Sztáray
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
| | - Lisa K Whalley
- School of Chemistry and National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Dwayne E Heard
- School of Chemistry and National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Dylan B Millet
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis-Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | | | - David L Osborn
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, 94551, USA.
| | - Scott H Kable
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Effect of ammonia-water complex on decomposition of carbonic acid in troposphere: A quantum chemical investigation. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
11
|
Liu Z, Nguyen VS, Harvey J, Müller JF, Peeters J. The photolysis of α-hydroperoxycarbonyls. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:6970-6979. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08421h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The atmospheric photolysis of α-hydroperoxycarbonyls is predicted to yield mainly enols and singlet O2; the atmospheric implications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Vinh Son Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Leuven
- B-3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Jeremy Harvey
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Leuven
- B-3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | | | - Jozef Peeters
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Leuven
- B-3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Müller JF, Liu Z, Nguyen VS, Stavrakou T, Harvey JN, Peeters J. The reaction of methyl peroxy and hydroxyl radicals as a major source of atmospheric methanol. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13213. [PMID: 27748363 PMCID: PMC5071643 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Methyl peroxy, a key radical in tropospheric chemistry, was recently shown to react with the hydroxyl radical at an unexpectedly high rate. Here, the molecular reaction mechanisms are elucidated using high-level quantum chemical methodologies and statistical rate theory. Formation of activated methylhydrotrioxide, followed by dissociation into methoxy and hydroperoxy radicals, is found to be the main reaction pathway, whereas methylhydrotrioxide stabilization and methanol formation (from activated and stabilized methylhydrotrioxide) are viable minor channels. Criegee intermediate formation is found to be negligible. Given the theoretical uncertainties, useful constraints on the yields are provided by atmospheric methanol measurements. Using a global chemistry-transport model, we show that the only explanation for the high observed methanol abundances over remote oceans is the title reaction with an overall methanol yield of ∼30%, consistent with the theoretical estimates given their uncertainties. This makes the title reaction a major methanol source (115 Tg per year), comparable to global terrestrial emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Müller
- Atmospheric Composition Department, Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Avenue Circulaire 3, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Vinh Son Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Trissevgeni Stavrakou
- Atmospheric Composition Department, Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Avenue Circulaire 3, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jeremy N. Harvey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Jozef Peeters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bandyopadhyay B, Biswas P, Kumar P. Ammonia as an efficient catalyst for decomposition of carbonic acid: a quantum chemical investigation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:15995-6004. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp02407f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electronic structure calculations using M06-2X, MP2 and CCSD(T) methods have been employed to show ammonia as an efficient catalyst for decomposition of carbonic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biman Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry
- Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur
- Jaipur – 302017
- India
| | - Partha Biswas
- Department of Chemistry
- Scottish Church College
- Kolkata-700006
- India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur
- Jaipur – 302017
- India
| |
Collapse
|